different approaches of politeness Politeness as a real- world goal The social-norm view of politeness The pragmatic view of politeness
different approaches of politeness Politeness as a real-world goal The social-norm view of politeness The pragmatic view of politeness
Politeness as a real-world goal the genuine desire to be nice to others it relates to the speakers n As a ' real-world goal, politeness is interpreted (psychologically) personal motivation and psychological state
Politeness as a real-world goal As a 'real-world goal', politeness is interpreted (psychologically) as the genuine desire to be "nice" to others. It relates to the speaker's personal motivation and psychological state
The social-norm view of politeness The social-norm view of politeness(Fraser, 1990: 220ff)reflects certain social and behavioural norms and rules (embodied for instance in manuals of etiquette holding in a given society which one must observe in order to be polite in the sense of displaying good manners Politeness is here intimately connected with the realisation of speech styles and formality and is often equated with deference
The social-norm view of politeness The social-norm view of politeness (Fraser, 1990: 220ff) reflects certain social and behavioural norms and rules (embodied, for instance, in manuals of etiquette) holding in a given society, which one must observe in order to be 'polite' in the sense of displaying good manners. Politeness is here intimately connected with the realisation of speech styles and formality, and is often equated with deference
The pragmatic view of politeness Politeness in terms of principles and maxims Politeness as the management of face
The pragmatic view of politeness Politeness in terms of principles and maxims Politeness as the management of face
Politeness in terms of principles and maxims Robin lakoff two basic strategies in human communication a clarity transmission of information ② rapport(密切关系) two rules of pragmatic competence( Lakoff) ① be clear 2 be polite politeness strategies 1 Don't impose( distance) (2 give option(deference) be friendly( camaraderie)
Politeness in terms of principles and maxims Robin Lakoff two basic strategies in human communication ① clarity transmission of information ② rapport(密切关系) two rules of pragmatic competence（Lakoff） ① be clear ② be polite politeness strategies ① Don't impose (distance) ② give option（deference） ③ be friendly（camaraderie）