Achieve unity between the army and the people and bring the army's militant spirit into play. Support the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army and disrupt the enemy's rear. Give equal treatment to all troops fighting in the War of Resistance. Establish military zones in all parts of the country,mobilize the whole nation to join in the war and thus effect a gradual change from the mercenary system to one of general military service. 3.Mobilize the people of the whole country. Let all the people of the country (with the exception of the traitors)have freedom of speech,the press,assembly and association in resisting Japan and saving the nation,and the right to take up arms against the enemy. Annul all old laws and decrees which restrict the people's patriotic movements and promulgate new, revolutionary laws and decrees Release all patriotic and revolutionary political prisoners and lift the ban on political parties. Let the people of the whole country mobilize,take up arms and join the War of Resistance.Let those with strength contribute strength,those with money contribute money,those with guns contribute guns,and those with knowledge contribute knowledge. Mobilize the Mongolian,the Hui and all other minority nationalities,in accordance with the principle of national self-determination and autonomy,in the common fight against Japan. 4.Reform the government apparatus. Call a national assembly which is genuinely representative of the people to adopt a genuinely democratic constitution,to decide on policies for resisting Japan and saving the nation,and to elect a government of national defence. The government of national defence must draw in the revolutionaries of all parties and mass organizations,and expel the pro-Japanese elements. The government of national defence shall practice democratic centralism,and shall be at once democratic and centralized. The government of national defence shall pursue revolutionary policies for resisting Japan and saving the nation. Institute local self-government,throw out corrupt officials and establish clean government. 5.Adopt an anti-Japanese foreign policy
Achieve unity between the army and the people and bring the army's militant spirit into play. Support the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army and disrupt the enemy's rear. Give equal treatment to all troops fighting in the War of Resistance. Establish military zones in all parts of the country, mobilize the whole nation to join in the war and thus effect a gradual change from the mercenary system to one of general military service. 3. Mobilize the people of the whole country. Let all the people of the country (with the exception of the traitors) have freedom of speech, the press, assembly and association in resisting Japan and saving the nation, and the right to take up arms against the enemy. Annul all old laws and decrees which restrict the people's patriotic movements and promulgate new, revolutionary laws and decrees. Release all patriotic and revolutionary political prisoners and lift the ban on political parties. Let the people of the whole country mobilize, take up arms and join the War of Resistance. Let those with strength contribute strength, those with money contribute money, those with guns contribute guns, and those with knowledge contribute knowledge. Mobilize the Mongolian, the Hui and all other minority nationalities, in accordance with the principle of national self-determination and autonomy, in the common fight against Japan. 4. Reform the government apparatus. Call a national assembly which is genuinely representative of the people to adopt a genuinely democratic constitution, to decide on policies for resisting Japan and saving the nation, and to elect a government of national defence. The government of national defence must draw in the revolutionaries of all parties and mass organizations, and expel the pro-Japanese elements. The government of national defence shall practice democratic centralism, and shall be at once democratic and centralized. The government of national defence shall pursue revolutionary policies for resisting Japan and saving the nation. Institute local self-government, throw out corrupt officials and establish clean government. 5. Adopt an anti-Japanese foreign policy
Conclude anti-aggression alliances and anti-Japanese pacts for mutual military aid with all countries that are opposed to Japanese aggression,provided that this entails no loss of our territory or of our sovereign rights. Support the international peace front and oppose the front of aggression of Germany,Japan and Italy. Unite with the worker and peasant masses of Korea and Japan against Japanese imperialism. 6.Adopt wartime financial and economic policies. Financial policy should be based on the principle that those with money should contribute money and that the property of the traitors should be confiscated in order to meet war expenditures. Economic policy should consist in readjusting and expanding defence production,developing the rural economy and assuring self-sufficiency in wartime commodities.Encourage the use of Chinese goods and improve local products.Completely prohibit Japanese goods.Suppress profiteering merchants and ban speculation and manipulation of the market. 7.Improve the people's livelihood. Improve the conditions of workers,office employees and teachers,and of soldiers fighting the Japanese. Give preferential treatment to the families of the soldiers fighting the Japanese. Abolish exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous levies. Reduce rent and interest. Give relief to the unemployed Regulate grain supplies. Aid the victims of natural calamities. 8.Adopt an anti-Japanese educational policy. Change the existing educational system and curriculum and put into effect a new system and curriculum aimed at resisting Japan and saving the nation 9.Weed out traitors and pro-Japanese elements and consolidate the rear. 10.Achieve national unity against Japan. Build up the Anti-Japanese National United Front of all political parties and groups,people in all walks of life and all armed forces on the basis of Kuomintang-Communist co-operation in order to
Conclude anti-aggression alliances and anti-Japanese pacts for mutual military aid with all countries that are opposed to Japanese aggression, provided that this entails no loss of our territory or of our sovereign rights. Support the international peace front and oppose the front of aggression of Germany, Japan and Italy. Unite with the worker and peasant masses of Korea and Japan against Japanese imperialism. 6. Adopt wartime financial and economic policies. Financial policy should be based on the principle that those with money should contribute money and that the property of the traitors should be confiscated in order to meet war expenditures. Economic policy should consist in readjusting and expanding defence production, developing the rural economy and assuring self-sufficiency in wartime commodities. Encourage the use of Chinese goods and improve local products. Completely prohibit Japanese goods. Suppress profiteering merchants and ban speculation and manipulation of the market. 7. Improve the people's livelihood. Improve the conditions of workers, office employees and teachers, and of soldiers fighting the Japanese. Give preferential treatment to the families of the soldiers fighting the Japanese. Abolish exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous levies. Reduce rent and interest. Give relief to the unemployed. Regulate grain supplies. Aid the victims of natural calamities. 8. Adopt an anti-Japanese educational policy. Change the existing educational system and curriculum and put into effect a new system and curriculum aimed at resisting Japan and saving the nation. 9. Weed out traitors and pro-Japanese elements and consolidate the rear. 10. Achieve national unity against Japan. Build up the Anti-Japanese National United Front of all political parties and groups, people in all walks of life and all armed forces on the basis of Kuomintang-Communist co-operation in order to
lead the War of Resistance,unite in good faith and meet the national crisis. D.It is imperative to discard the policy of resistance by the government alone and to enforce the policy of total resistance by the whole nation.The government must unite with the people,fully restore the revolutionary spirit of Dr.Sun Yat-sen,put the above Ten-Point Programme into effect and strive for complete victory.Together with the masses of the people and the armed forces under its leadership,the Chinese Communist Party will firmly adhere to this programme and stand in the forefront of the War of Resistance,defending the motherland to the last drop of its blood.In keeping with its consistent policy,the Chinese Communist Party is ready to stand side by side with the Kuomintang and the other political parties and groups and unite with them in building the solid Great Wall of the national united front to defeat the infamous Japanese aggressors and strive for a new China which is independent,happy and free.To achieve this goal,we must firmly repudiate the traitors'theories of compromise and capitulation,and combat national defeatism according to which it is impossible to defeat the Japanese aggressors.The Chinese Communist Party firmly believes that the Japanese aggressors can definitely be defeated provided the above Ten-Point Programme is carried out.If our 450 million countrymen all exert themselves,the Chinese nation will certainly achieve final victory! Down with Japanese imperialism! Long live the national revolutionary war! Long live New China,independent,happy and free! NOTES 1.The year 1935 witnessed a new upsurge in the popular patriotic movement throughout the country.Students in Peking,under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,held a patriotic demonstration on December 9,putting forward such slogans as "Stop the civil war and unite to resist foreign aggression"and"Down with Japanese imperialism".This movement broke through the long reign of terror imposed by the Kuomintang government in league with the Japanese invaders and very quickly won the people's support throughout the country.It is known as the "December 8th Movement".The outcome was that new changes manifested themselves in the relations among the various classes in the country,and the Anti-Japanese National United Front proposed by the Communist Party of China became the openly advocated policy of all patriotic people.The Chiang Kai-shek government with its traitorous policy became very isolated. 2.See the introductory note to "Policies,Measures and Perspectives for Resisting the Japanese Invasion",pp.13-14 of this volume. 3.See History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks).Short Course,Eng.ed., FLPH,Moscow,1951,pp.347-81. 4.The defence of Madrid,starting in October 1936,lasted for two years and five months.In 1936, fascist Germany and Italy made use of the Spanish fascist warlord Franco to launch a war of
lead the War of Resistance, unite in good faith and meet the national crisis. D. It is imperative to discard the policy of resistance by the government alone and to enforce the policy of total resistance by the whole nation. The government must unite with the people, fully restore the revolutionary spirit of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, put the above Ten-Point Programme into effect and strive for complete victory. Together with the masses of the people and the armed forces under its leadership, the Chinese Communist Party will firmly adhere to this programme and stand in the forefront of the War of Resistance, defending the motherland to the last drop of its blood. In keeping with its consistent policy, the Chinese Communist Party is ready to stand side by side with the Kuomintang and the other political parties and groups and unite with them in building the solid Great Wall of the national united front to defeat the infamous Japanese aggressors and strive for a new China which is independent, happy and free. To achieve this goal, we must firmly repudiate the traitors' theories of compromise and capitulation, and combat national defeatism according to which it is impossible to defeat the Japanese aggressors. The Chinese Communist Party firmly believes that the Japanese aggressors can definitely be defeated provided the above Ten-Point Programme is carried out. If our 450 million countrymen all exert themselves, the Chinese nation will certainly achieve final victory! Down with Japanese imperialism! Long live the national revolutionary war! Long live New China, independent, happy and free! NOTES 1. The year 1935 witnessed a new upsurge in the popular patriotic movement throughout the country. Students in Peking, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, held a patriotic demonstration on December 9, putting forward such slogans as "Stop the civil war and unite to resist foreign aggression" and "Down with Japanese imperialism". This movement broke through the long reign of terror imposed by the Kuomintang government in league with the Japanese invaders and very quickly won the people's support throughout the country. It is known as the "December 8th Movement". The outcome was that new changes manifested themselves in the relations among the various classes in the country, and the Anti-Japanese National United Front proposed by the Communist Party of China became the openly advocated policy of all patriotic people. The Chiang Kai-shek government with its traitorous policy became very isolated. 2. See the introductory note to "Policies, Measures and Perspectives for Resisting the Japanese Invasion", pp. 13-14 of this volume. 3. See History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks), Short Course,Eng. ed., FLPH, Moscow, 1951, pp. 347-81. 4. The defence of Madrid, starting in October 1936, lasted for two years and five months. In 1936, fascist Germany and Italy made use of the Spanish fascist warlord Franco to launch a war of
aggression against Spain.The Spanish people,led by the Popular Front Government,heroically defended democracy against aggression.The battle of Madrid,the capital of Spain,was the bitterest in the whole war.Madrid fell in March 1939 because Britain,France and other imperialist countries assisted the aggressors by their hypocritical policy of "non-intervention"and because divisions arose within the Popular Front. 5.The Three People's Principles were the principles and the programme put forward by Sun Yat- sen on the questions of nationalism,democracy and people's livelihood in China's bourgeois- democratic revolution.In the manifesto adopted by the Kuomintang at its First National Congress in 1924 Sun Yat-sen restated the Three People's Principles.Nationalism was interpreted as opposition to imperialism and active support was expressed for the movements of the workers and peasants.Thus the old Three People's Principles were transformed into the new Three People's Principles characterized by the Three Great Policies,that is,alliance with Russia,co-operation with the Communist Party,and assistance to the peasants and workers.The new Three People's Principles provided the political basis for the co-operation between the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang during the First Revolutionary Civil War period. Transcription by the Maoist Documentation Project. HTML revised 2004 by Marxists.org Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung URGENT TASKS FOLLOWING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF KUOMINTANG- COMMUNIST CO-OPERATION September 29,1937 As far back as 1933,the Chinese Communist Party issued a declaration stating that it was ready to conclude an agreement for resisting Japan with any section of the Kuomintang army on three conditions,namely,that attacks on the Red Army be stopped,that democratic freedoms be granted to the people and that the people be armed.This declaration was made because after the September 18th Incident in 1931,resistance to the Japanese imperialist invasion became the primary task of the Chinese people.But we did not succeed in our objective
aggression against Spain. The Spanish people, led by the Popular Front Government, heroically defended democracy against aggression. The battle of Madrid, the capital of Spain, was the bitterest in the whole war. Madrid fell in March 1939 because Britain, France and other imperialist countries assisted the aggressors by their hypocritical policy of "non-intervention" and because divisions arose within the Popular Front. 5. The Three People's Principles were the principles and the programme put forward by Sun Yatsen on the questions of nationalism, democracy and people's livelihood in China's bourgeoisdemocratic revolution. In the manifesto adopted by the Kuomintang at its First National Congress in 1924 Sun Yat-sen restated the Three People's Principles. Nationalism was interpreted as opposition to imperialism and active support was expressed for the movements of the workers and peasants. Thus the old Three People's Principles were transformed into the new Three People's Principles characterized by the Three Great Policies, that is, alliance with Russia, co-operation with the Communist Party, and assistance to the peasants and workers. The new Three People's Principles provided the political basis for the co-operation between the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang during the First Revolutionary Civil War period. Transcription by the Maoist Documentation Project. HTML revised 2004 by Marxists.org Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung URGENT TASKS FOLLOWING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF KUOMINTANGCOMMUNIST CO-OPERATION September 29, 1937 As far back as 1933, the Chinese Communist Party issued a declaration stating that it was ready to conclude an agreement for resisting Japan with any section of the Kuomintang army on three conditions, namely, that attacks on the Red Army be stopped, that democratic freedoms be granted to the people and that the people be armed. This declaration was made because after the September 18th Incident in 1931, resistance to the Japanese imperialist invasion became the primary task of the Chinese people. But we did not succeed in our objective
In August 1935,the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese Red Army called upon all political parties and groups and the people throughout the country to organize an anti-Japanese united army and a government of national defence for a common fight against Japanese imperialism.[1]In December of that year,the Chinese Communist Party adopted a resolution [2]on the formation of an anti-Japanese national united front with the national bourgeoisie.In May 1936,the Red Army published an open telegram [31 demanding that the Nanking government stop the civil war and make common cause against Japan.In August of that year,the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party sent a letter [4]to the Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang demanding that the Kuomintang stop the civil war and form a united front of the two parties to fight jointly against Japanese imperialism.In September of the same year,the Communist Party passed a resolution [5]on the establishment of a unified democratic republic in China.Besides the declaration,the open telegram,the letter and the resolutions,we sent representatives to hold discussions with people from the Kuomintang side on many occasions,and yet all in vain.It was only towards the end of 1936 after the Sian Incident that the plenipotentiary of the Chinese Communist Party and the responsible chief of the Kuomintang reached an agreement on a contemporary issue of vital political importance,namely,cessation of the civil war between the two parties,and brought about the peaceful settlement of the Sian Incident.This was a great event in Chinese history and provided a prerequisite for the renewal of cooperation between the two parties. On February 10 this year,the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party sent a telegram [6 to the Third Plenary Session of the Kuomintang Central Executive Committee on the eve of its meeting,making comprehensive proposals for concrete co-operation between the two parties.In that telegram we demanded that the Kuomintang give the Communist Party guarantees on the following five points:the ending of the civil war,the realization of democratic freedoms,the convening of a national assembly,speedy preparations for resisting Japan,and improvement of the people's livelihood.At the same time the Communist Party offered guarantees to the Kuomintang on the following four points:the elimination of the state of antagonism between the two regimes. the redesignation of the Red Army,the application of the new-democratic system in the revolutionary base areas,and the discontinuance of the confiscation of the land of the landlords. This was likewise an important political step,for without it the establishment of co-operation between the two parties would have been retarded,which would have been wholly detrimental to speedy preparations for resisting Japan. Since then the two parties have moved a step closer to each other in their negotiations.The Communist Party has made more specific proposals on the question of a common political programme for the two parties,on the question of lifting the ban on the mass movements and releasing political prisoners,and on the question of redesignating the Red Army.So far the common programme has not yet been promulgated,nor has the ban on the mass movements been lifted,nor has the new system in the revolutionary base areas been recognized;however,about a month after the fall of Peiping and Tientsin an order was issued to the effect that the Red Army was to be redesignated as the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army (also called the Eighteenth Group Army in the anti-Japanese battle order).The declaration of the Central Committee of our Party on the establishment of bi-partisan co-operation,which had been conveyed to the Kuomintang as early as July 15,and Chiang Kai-shek's statement recognizing the legal status of the Communist Party of China,which should have been published as agreed simultaneously
In August 1935, the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese Red Army called upon all political parties and groups and the people throughout the country to organize an anti-Japanese united army and a government of national defence for a common fight against Japanese imperialism.[1] In December of that year, the Chinese Communist Party adopted a resolution [2] on the formation of an anti-Japanese national united front with the national bourgeoisie. In May 1936, the Red Army published an open telegram [3] demanding that the Nanking government stop the civil war and make common cause against Japan. In August of that year, the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party sent a letter [4] to the Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang demanding that the Kuomintang stop the civil war and form a united front of the two parties to fight jointly against Japanese imperialism. In September of the same year, the Communist Party passed a resolution [5] on the establishment of a unified democratic republic in China. Besides the declaration, the open telegram, the letter and the resolutions, we sent representatives to hold discussions with people from the Kuomintang side on many occasions, and yet all in vain. It was only towards the end of 1936 after the Sian Incident that the plenipotentiary of the Chinese Communist Party and the responsible chief of the Kuomintang reached an agreement on a contemporary issue of vital political importance, namely, cessation of the civil war between the two parties, and brought about the peaceful settlement of the Sian Incident. This was a great event in Chinese history and provided a prerequisite for the renewal of cooperation between the two parties. On February 10 this year, the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party sent a telegram [6] to the Third Plenary Session of the Kuomintang Central Executive Committee on the eve of its meeting, making comprehensive proposals for concrete co-operation between the two parties. In that telegram we demanded that the Kuomintang give the Communist Party guarantees on the following five points: the ending of the civil war, the realization of democratic freedoms, the convening of a national assembly, speedy preparations for resisting Japan, and improvement of the people's livelihood. At the same time the Communist Party offered guarantees to the Kuomintang on the following four points: the elimination of the state of antagonism between the two regimes, the redesignation of the Red Army, the application of the new-democratic system in the revolutionary base areas, and the discontinuance of the confiscation of the land of the landlords. This was likewise an important political step, for without it the establishment of co-operation between the two parties would have been retarded, which would have been wholly detrimental to speedy preparations for resisting Japan. Since then the two parties have moved a step closer to each other in their negotiations. The Communist Party has made more specific proposals on the question of a common political programme for the two parties, on the question of lifting the ban on the mass movements and releasing political prisoners, and on the question of redesignating the Red Army. So far the common programme has not yet been promulgated, nor has the ban on the mass movements been lifted, nor has the new system in the revolutionary base areas been recognized; however, about a month after the fall of Peiping and Tientsin an order was issued to the effect that the Red Army was to be redesignated as the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army (also called the Eighteenth Group Army in the anti-Japanese battle order). The declaration of the Central Committee of our Party on the establishment of bi-partisan co-operation, which had been conveyed to the Kuomintang as early as July 15, and Chiang Kai-shek's statement recognizing the legal status of the Communist Party of China, which should have been published as agreed simultaneously