湖南省第一师范学校205年上学期期考试试卷(B saw this unbelievable tiny creature with dazzling plumage boldly from 科目:综合英语时间:120分钟考试形式:团巷 A hovering B enticing C. depriving 蒙!考试年级:外语系_级_专本沟通1班 as since D when 13. Don't to come for help if you have any difficulty in finding the job after 题号 五六复核 总分 卫 题分 总分 14. We should always be of different views of others. even if we disagree 分人 复核人 with them. 15. Should we extrapolate from this difference in cultural outlook that it is justifiab 得分评卷人 1. Pronunciation: (0.5X10) for some employees to be tardy in today's office life? Here in this sentence Find the right word from the four choices whose underlined part is similar in pronunciation to the word A refer B deduce C infer D. judge 16. His frequent depressions were the to a complete mental breakdown *I trumph A crit cal B subliminal C.muffin.violet A diseases B. reasons C. method D prel E 2. wondrous A oneness B kerosene C carrot D coconut 17. Two witnesses against her and one in her favour. according to the A cadre B C. unfalteringly D. maternity witness,testimony, she was present when the crime was committed 4 4 neurotic A objective B brochure C. modernity D compromise A. disdained B testified C accentuated D. clasp 5. mameuvre A insulin B fluent C redundant D 18. He was with emotions at so generous an action by one she had treated 6. boutigue A guestion B queue C. mosque D gueen 常2 bedient A. supreme B. bespea减C.daD.dem A overcome B overcame C disgusted D satisfied #8.pretent jous A. mysterious B. conscient ious C glor ous D studiously 19. There are now fewer farms to serve a greater population, so these farms 3i 9. execute A exonerate B elixir C executive D luxuriant must be more efficient Bi 10. chemical A latchkey B snatch C screech D scholar A more B much C. lot 20. Susan is considered to be if not more intelligent than, the other students 得分评卷人|1. Choose the best answer:3 Decide which of the choices given below would best A less intelligent B the most intelligent C. intelligent as well D. as intelligent as complete the passage 2l.laefiostfrtheporiutcoplswealkowy,weathrcondtons
1 得 分 评卷人 湖南省第一师范学校 2005 年上学期期末考试试卷:(B) 科目：综合英语 时间： 120 分钟 考试形式：闭卷 考试年级：外语 系 04 级 专本沟通 1-4 班 I. Pronunciation: (0.5’×10) Find the right word from the four choices whose underlined part is similar in pronunciation to the word given. 1. triumph A. critical B. subliminal C. muffin D. violet 2. wondrous A. oneness B. kerosene C. carrot D. coconut 3. sergeant A. cadre B. vacancy C. unfalteringly D. maternity 4. neurotic A. objective B. brochure C. modernity D. compromise 5. manoeuvre A. insulin B. fluent C. redundant D. suppress 6. boutique A. question B. queue C. mosque D. queen 7. obedient A. supreme B. bespeak C. descend D. depression 8. pretentious A. mysterious B. conscientious C. glorious D. studiously 9. execute A. exonerate B. elixir C. executive D. luxuriant 10. chemical A. latchkey B. snatch C. screech D. scholar II. Choose the best answer: (1’×30) Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage. 11. I saw this unbelievable tiny creature with dazzling plumage_________ boldly from flower to flower. A. hovering B. enticing C. depriving D. flitting 12. He was drinking orange juice ________ the rest of us drank whisky. A. while B. as C. since D. when 13. Don’t _________ to come for help if you have any difficulty in finding the job after graduation. A. release B. hesitate C. mind D. bother. 14. We should always be ________of different views of others, even if we disagree with them. A. unwarranted B. guilty C. tolerant D. redundant 15. Should we extrapolate from this difference in cultural outlook that it is justifiable for some employees to be tardy in today’s office life? Here in this sentence “extrapolate” means __________ . A. refer B. deduce C. infer D. judge 16. His frequent depressions were the _________ to a complete mental breakdown. A. diseases B. reasons C. method D. prelude 17. Two witnesses ________ against her and one in her favour. According to the witness’ testimony, she was present when the crime was committed. A. disdained B. testified C. accentuated D. clasped 18. He was _________ with emotions at so generous an action by one she had treated so badly. A. overcome B. overcame C. disgusted D. satisfied 19. There are now fewer farms to serve a ________ greater population, so these farms must be more efficient. A. more B. much C. lot D. very 20. Susan is considered to be ________ , if not more intelligent than, the other students in her class. A. less intelligent B the most intelligent C. intelligent as well D. as intelligent as 21. Late frost _________ for the poor fruit-crop. As we all know, weather conditions 题号 一 二 三 四 五 六 总 分 题分 复 核 总 分 合分人 得分 复核人 班级：_______________姓名：______________学号：_____________ 装订线内严禁答题，违者作零分处理；装订线外严禁写姓名或作其他标记，违者作舞弊论处 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 得 分 评卷人
for much in agricultural production. A abandon B cancel C depriv A. counts. account B. accounts. counts C. account. account D 33Grldwouldhavebenarichman ounts. counts A. Was he to enter business B If he was to enter business 2. Each year the United Nations provides humanitarian emergency aids to those C. Was he entered business D. Had he entered business countries that are 34 You' d better come tomorrow A. suffered from B. afflicted with C. suffering with D. afflicted from A. didn't you B. couldn't you C. wouldn't you D. hadn't you 23. The protest march developed into an uncontrolled 35. Public transportation in most of the countries is expanding a. debate B fight tbways and buses is declining in some metropolitan areas 24.Iwastohetasarsutofvacinatonsolwasntexemptfiom B. Consequently military service. C. Despite the fact A immu B. free 36. He gave a brief 25. He drank up the of coffee, he wanted to get his money's worth pening of the conference A. remainder B remains C reminder D. remaining A. reference B statement 26. This word is an uncountable noun and it is used in a general C account D comment it takes no article 37.There are several possible explanations for the greater job A. therefore B but D. while in Japan in contrast to the greater job mobility in the United States 27. He is the person I thought would come to her birthday party because he A. creativity B security abandons her to marry a new wife D. stablity A. likely B possible C last D. first 38. It took a rescue party 16 hours to help Tom manoeuvre out of the collapsed tunnel. 28. His decision to sail his belief that the world was round Here "manoeuvre refers A. rested to B. rested on C. rested from D. rested in A move slowly B. liger quickly C. pulsate violently D. glide fast 29. It wasn't the clothes the man himself who impressed 39. On hearing the heavy footsteps approaching, the boy got so nervous that he held his immediately breath for a moment and behind the door A. very much. as B so much. as C. more. than D. less. than A hide from B hid himself C hidden D was hidden himself 30. I know I made a mistake but there is no need to 40. I don't think she 'll be upset but I 'll see her in case A. take it in B. cut it in C fit it in D. rub i A. she ll B. she is C. she does D. she has been 31. It was recently reported that a Japanese banker who had been in serious financial ide in a moment of wild despair lL. Cloze Test: (x15) Decide which of the A performed B committed C executed D terminate 得分评卷人 noices given below would best complete the passage if 32. What the guardian did was in fact to the child of the joys of life inserted in the corresponding blanks
2 得 分 评卷人 _______ for much in agricultural production. A. counts… account B. accounts…counts C. account… account D. counts…counts 22. Each year the United Nations provides humanitarian emergency aids to those countries that are ________ natural disasters. A. suffered from B. afflicted with C. suffering with D. afflicted from 23. The protest march developed into an uncontrolled _________ . A. debate B fight C riot D. quarrel 24. I was _________ to hepatitis as a result of vaccination, so I was not exempt from military service. A. immune B. free C. exempt D. brave 25. He drank up the ________ of coffee, he wanted to get his money’s worth.. A. remainder B. remains C. reminder D. remaining 26. This word is an uncountable noun and it is used in a general sense, _______ it takes no article. A. therefore B. but C. as D. while 27. He is the ______ person I thought would come to her birthday party because he abandons her to marry a new wife.. A. likely B. possible C. last D. first 28. His decision to sail ________ his belief that the world was round. A. rested to B. rested on C. rested from D. rested in 29.It wasn’t _______ the clothes_______ the man himself who impressed us immediately. A. very much … as B. so much… as C. more… than D. less… than 30. I know I made a mistake, but there is no need to _______. A. take it in B. cut it in C. fit it in D. rub it in 31. It was recently reported that a Japanese banker who had been in serious financial trouble _______ suicide in a moment of wild despair. A. performed B. committed C. executed D. terminated 32. What the guardian did was in fact to __________ the child of the joys of life. A. abandon B. cancel C. deprive D. feed 33 __________ , Gerald would have been a rich man. A. Was he to enter business B. If he was to enter business C. Was he entered business D. Had he entered business 34.You’d better come tomorrow, __________? A. didn’t you B. couldn’t you C. wouldn’t you D. hadn’t you 35. Public transportation in most of the countries is expanding. _________, the use of subways and buses is declining in some metropolitan areas. A. Nevertheless B. Consequently C. Despite the fact D. Although 36. He gave a brief __________ of the history of the university before the opening of the conference. A. reference B. statement C. account D. comment 37.There are several possible explanations for the greater job _________ in Japan in contrast to the greater job mobility in the United States. A. creativity B. security C. sensitivity D. stability 38. It took a rescue party 16 hours to help Tom manoeuvre out of the collapsed tunnel. Here “manoeuvre” refers to________. A .move slowly B. linger quickly C. pulsate violently D. glide fast 39. On hearing the heavy footsteps approaching, the boy got so nervous that he held his breath for a moment and ______ behind the door. A. hide from B. hid himself C. hidden D. was hidden himself 40. I don’t think she’ll be upset, but I’ll see her in case __________. A. she’ll B. she is C. she does D. she has been III. Cloze Test: (1’x15) Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks
A new computer system has been designed to stop ships sinking. The greatest danger 46. A)project C)system D)network a holed vessel is that flooding of its compartments will make the ship unstable 47. A)For As C)Since D)Once enough to capsize. It is estimated that nearly half the ships 42 during the Second 48. A)what B)how C)if D)that World War capsized because of the loss of 43 49. A)failed Pacer systems of Burlington, Massachusetts, has now a system devised 50. A)sunk C)exploded D)bombed by a 45 U.S. Navy officer, Stephen Drabousk, which effectively thought out 51. A)at D)for alternative strategies for the ship. The 46 is programmed with every possible 52. A)preservative B) D) suggested eventuality of flood damage the actual damage is keyed into the computer 53. A)without by D)with the operator is told by the computer the implications are and what can be 54. A)proofs done to re-stabilize the vessel Trials on the"American aircraft carrier USS Midway have that the reaction time to damage can be cut to a fiftieth. An incident was simulated in which the ship 得分|评卷人. eading Comprehension:(2 50 by two Exocet missiles causing flooding to 30 compartments. It took 10 In this section there are sereral passages followed by minutes 51 receipt of the flood damage information in the damage control centre to a full printout of damage effects, result of the countermeasures that won think is the best answer In a re-run of the incident 53 the computer program the damage control officer bok four and a quarter hours to establish the 54 of the damage and It is often helpful when thinking about biological processes to consider some apparently another four hours a decision could be taken on counter measures similar yet better understood non-biological process. In the case of visual perception an obvious Although the system can be used to provide damage control officers with advice, they do be color photography. Since in many respects eyes resemble cameras, and nd, f course, have to accept the information Quite often "the optimum(最适宜的) raphs, is it not reasonable to assume that perception is a sort of photograph solution"will be unacceptable for operational reasons. When that happens the system can be process whereby samples of the extemal world become spontaneously and accuratel asked for altermatives or the operator can interrogate the computer to find out what would reproduced somewhere inside our heads? Unfortunately, the answer must be no. The best that open if the officer's own solution was put into action can be said of the photographic analogy is that it points up what perception is not. Beyond this it is superficial and misleading. Four simple experiments should make the matter plain. 41. A)to B) D)for In the first a person i asked to match a pair of black and white dises, which are rotating at 42. A)survived B)sunk C) damaged D)built such a speed as to make them appear unifomly grey. One disc is standing in shadow, the other 43. A)weight B)protect D) in bright illumination. By adjusting the ration of black to white in one of the discs the subj 44. a)rebuilt B)invented D)designed tries to make it look the same as the other. The results show him to be remarkably accurate for 45. A)preserve B)reserve C)observ it seems he has made the proportion of black to bright in the brightly illuminated disc almost
3 得 分 评卷人 A new computer system has been designed to stop ships sinking. The greatest dangerr 41 ra holed vessel is that flooding of its compartments will make the ship unstable enough to capsize. It is estimated that nearly half the shipsr 42 rduring the Second World War capsized because of the loss ofr 43 r. Pacer systems of Burlington, Massachusetts, has nowr 44 ra system devised by ar 45 rU.S. Navy officer, Stephen Drabousk, which effectively thought out alternative strategies for the ship. Ther 46 ris programmed with every possible eventuality of flood damage.r 47 rthe actual damage is keyed into the computer the operator is told by the computerr 48 rthe implications are and what can be done to re-stabilize the vessel. Trials on the “American aircraft carrier USS Midway” haver 49 rthat the reaction time to damage can be cut to a fiftieth. An incident was simulated in which the ship wasr 50 rby two Exocet missiles causing flooding to 30 compartments. It took 10 minutesr 51 rreceipt of the flood damage information in the damage control centre to a full printout of damage effects,r 52 rcountermeasures and an assessment of the result of the countermeasures. In a re-run of the incidentr 53 rthe computer program the damage control officer took four and a quarter hours to establish ther 54 rof the damage and another four hoursr 55 ra decision could be taken on counter measures. r Although the system can be used to provide damage control officers with advice, they do not, of course, have toracceptrthe information. Quite often “the roptimum（最适宜的） rsolution ” will be unacceptable for operational reasons. When that happens the system can be asked forr alternativesror the operator can interrogate the computer to find out what would happenr if rthe officer’s own solution was put into action. 41. A) to B) on C) in D) for 42. A) survived B) sunk C) damaged D) built 43. A) weight B) protection C) stability D) power 44. A) rebuilt B) invented C) refined D) designed 45. A) preserve B) reserve C) observe D) conserve 46. A) project B) computer C) system D) network 47. A) For B) As C) Since D) Once 48. A) what B) how C) if D) that 49. A) failed B) exposed C) shown D) succeeded 50. A) sunk B) hit C) exploded D) bombed 51. A) at B) over C) from D) for 52. A).preservative B) preventive C) implied D) suggested 53. A) without B) for C) by D) with 54. A) proofs B) effects C) solutions D) uncertainly 55. A) after B) before C) provided D) now that IV．Reading Comprehension: (1’×20) In this section there are several passages followed by twenty questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. ( A ) It is often helpful when thinking about biological processes to consider some apparently similar yet better understood non-biological process. In the case of visual perception an obvious choice would be color photography. Since in many respects eyes resemble cameras, and percepts photographs, is it not reasonable to assume that perception is a sort of photographic process whereby samples of the external world become spontaneously and accurately reproduced somewhere inside our heads? Unfortunately, the answer must be no. The best that can be said of the photographic analogy is that it points up what perception is not. Beyond this it is superficial and misleading. Four simple experiments should make the matter plain. In the first a person is asked to match a pair of black and white discs, which are rotating at such a speed as to make them appear uniformly grey. One disc is standing in shadow, the other in bright illumination. By adjusting the ration of black to white in one of the discs the subject tries to make it look the same as the other. The results show him to be remarkably accurate, for it seems he has made the proportion of black to bright in the brightly illuminated disc almost
identical with that in the disc which stood in shadow. But there is nothing photographic about immediate extermal world than does a dream in someone who is asleep. These people are not his perception, for when the matched disc, still spinning, are photographed, the resulting print sleep yet their hallucinations, or so-called"autistic" perceptions, may be as vivid, if not more shows them to be quite dissimilar in appearance. The disc in shadow is obviously very much so, than any normal percept. darker than the other one. What has happened? Both the camera and the person were accurate but their criteria differed. One might say that the camera recorded things as they look, for the 56. The underlined"It"in line 7, paragraph I refers to person recorded things as they are. But the situation is manifestly more complex than this, for A)perception the person also recorded things as they look. he did better than the camera because he made B)one of the experiments them look as they really are. He was not misled by the differences in illumination. He showed C)the answer perceptual constancy. By reason of an extremely rapid, wholly unconscious piece of D) the photographic analogy computation he received a more accurate record of the extemal world than could the camera 57. The first experiment shows that In the second experiment a person is asked to match with a color card the colors of two A)a person could record the extermal world more accurately than a camera pictures in dim illumination. One is of a leaf, the other of a donkey. Both are colored and equal B)a camera could record the external would as it really was shade of green. In making his match he chooses a much stronger green for the leaf than for the C)a person could record the extemal world as it really was donkey. The leaf evidently looks greener than the donkey. The percipient makes a perceptual D)a person could record the extemal world in more on less the same way as a camera could sorld compatible with his own experience. It hardly needs saying that cameras lack this 58. In the third experiment A)everybody has to go hungry because they will be asked to look at pictures of food In the third experiment hungry, thirsty and satiated people are asked to equalize the B) people are asked to change the lighting so that the pictures look equally bright brightness of pictures depicting food, water and other objects unrelated to hunger or thirst C) people are asked to describe the lightness of the pictures When the intensities at which they set the pictures are measured it is found that hungry people D) satiated people see less clearly than hungry or thirsty people see pictures relating to food as brighter than the rest(i.e. to equalize the pictures they make the food one less intense), and thirsty people do likewise with"drink" pictures. For the satiated A)usually go mad group no differences are obtained between the different objects. In other words, perception B) dream very easily serves to satisfy needs, not to enrich subjective experience. Unlike a photograph the percept is C) lack perceptual experience determined by more than just the stimulus D)experience usual things The fourth experiment is of a rather different kind. With ears plugged, their eyes beneath translucent goggles and their bodies either encased in cotton or wool. or floating naked in water (B) at body temperature, people are deprived of considerable periods of extermal stimulation. Contrary to what one might expect, however, such circumstances result not in a lack of Genghis Khan, the great Mongol conqueror, was born in about 1162. His father, a petty perceptual experience but rather a surprising change in what is perceived. The subjects in such Mongol chieftain, named the boy Temujin, after a defeated rival chieftain. When Temujin was an experiment begin to see, feel and hear things which bear no more relationship to the his father was killed by members of a rival tribe, and for some years the surviving
4 identical with that in the disc which stood in shadow. But there is nothing photographic about his perception, for when the matched disc, still spinning, are photographed, the resulting print shows them to be quite dissimilar in appearance. The disc in shadow is obviously very much darker than the other one. What has happened? Both the camera and the person were accurate, but their criteria differed. One might say that the camera recorded things as they look, for the person recorded things as they are. But the situation is manifestly more complex than this, for the person also recorded things as they look. He did better than the camera because he made them look as they really are. He was not misled by the differences in illumination. He showed perceptual constancy. By reason of an extremely rapid, wholly unconscious piece of computation he received a more accurate record of the external world than could the camera. In the second experiment a person is asked to match with a color card the colors of two pictures in dim illumination. One is of a leaf, the other of a donkey. Both are colored and equal shade of green. In making his match he chooses a much stronger green for the leaf than for the donkey. The leaf evidently looks greener than the donkey. The percipient makes a perceptual world compatible with his own experience. It hardly needs saying that cameras lack this versatility. In the third experiment hungry, thirsty and satiated people are asked to equalize the brightness of pictures depicting food, water and other objects unrelated to hunger or thirst. When the intensities at which they set the pictures are measured it is found that hungry people see pictures relating to food as brighter than the rest (i.e. to equalize the pictures they make the food one less intense), and thirsty people do likewise with “drink” pictures. For the satiated group no differences are obtained between the different objects. In other words, perception serves to satisfy needs, not to enrich subjective experience. Unlike a photograph the percept is determined by more than just the stimulus. The fourth experiment is of a rather different kind. With ears plugged, their eyes beneath translucent goggles and their bodies either encased in cotton or wool, or floating naked in water at body temperature, people are deprived of considerable periods of external stimulation. Contrary to what one might expect, however, such circumstances result not in a lack of perceptual experience but rather a surprising change in what is perceived. The subjects in such an experiment begin to see, feel and hear things which bear no more relationship to the immediate external world than does a dream in someone who is asleep. These people are not asleep yet their hallucinations, or so-called “autistic” perceptions, may be as vivid, if not more so, than any normal percept. 56. The underlined “it” in line 7, paragraph 1 refers to . A) perception B) one of the experiments C) the answer D) the photographic analogy 57. The first experiment shows that . A) a person could record the external world more accurately than a camera B) a camera could record the external would as it really was C)a person could record the external world as it really was D) a person could record the external world in more on less the same way as a camera could 58. In the third experiment, . A) everybody has to go hungry because they will be asked to look at pictures of food B) people are asked to change the lighting so that the pictures look equally bright C) people are asked to describe the lightness of the pictures D) satiated people see less clearly than hungry or thirsty people 59. People deprived of sense in this fourth experiment . A) usually go mad B) dream very easily C) lack perceptual experience D) experience usual things ( B ) Genghis Khan, the great Mongol conqueror, was born in about 1162. His father, a petty Mongol chieftain, named the boy Temujin, after a defeated rival chieftain. When Temujin was nine, his father was killed by members of a rival tribe, and for some years the surviving
members of the Family lived in constant danger and privation. This was an inauspicious A)was a name gwen by his father beginning, but Temujun's situation was to become a lot worse before it got better. When he wa B) was the name of a defeated fellow chieftain a young man, he was captured in a raid by a rival tribe. To prevent his escaping a wooden collar C)meant"the universal emperor was placed around his neck. From this extremity of helplessness as an illiterate prisoner in a D)did not mean anythi primitive, barren country, Temujin rose to become the most powerful man in the world 62. Adopting all possible means, Genghis Khan finally His rise started when he managed to escape from his captor. He then allied himself with A)managed to bring all of the chieftains to their knees Toghril, a friend of his father' s, and chieftain of one of the related tribes living in the area. B) managed to unite all of the trib There followed many years of internecine warfare among these vanous Mongol tribes, in the C)managed to maintain the internecine warfare among the tribes course of which Temujin gradually fought his way to the top D)managed to stop the tribes from fighting each other The tribesmen of mongolia had long been known as skilled horsemen and fierce warriors. 63. Which of the following is false? Throughout history, they had made sporadic raids into northem China However, before the rise A)When Temujin was only a child, his father was killed of Temujin, the various tribes had always spent most of their energy in fighting each other. By a B) There were many wars in Genghis Khans time combination of military prowess, diplomacy, ruthlessness and organizational ability, Temujin C) Temujin was proclaimed Genghis Khan in the year 1206 managed to weld all of these trbes together under his leadership, and in 1206 an assembly of D) Genghis Khan had conquered many places in Asia and Europe before his death. the Mongol chieftains proclaimed him Genghis Khan, or"the universal emperor The formidable military machine that Genghis Khan had assembled was then tumed (C) outward upon neighboring nations. He first attacked the Western Xia state in northwestem China and the Jin Empire in northern China. While these battles were going on, a dispute arose Despite the widespread early use of wool and linen, cotton is the most important material between Genghis Khan and the Khwarezm Shah Muhammad, who ruled a considerable empire for men's clothing. Today, about three out of every four people in the world wear clothing made in persia and central Asia In 1219. Genghis led his armies against the Khwarezm Shah Central of cotton. Cotton has a long history. Fifteen hundred years before the birth of Christ, the people Asia and Persia were overrun, and the Khwarezm Shah's empire was completely destroyed. of India were making cotton into cloth The Greek historian, Herodotus, who wrote in the fifth While other Mongol armies were attacking Russia, Genghis Khan himself led a raid into century before Christ, described a tree in Asia which bore cotton. He said that it exceeded in Afghanistan and northerm India. He retumed to Mongolia in 1225, and died there in 1227 goodness and beauty the wool of any sheep. " He also described the way the people of India wove and dyed cotton. For two thousand years the Indian s methods of weaving and dying have 60. From the passage, we know that Mongolians were very good at remained nchar A)fighting and hunting Cotton was not exported to Europe until the eighth century A. D It was brought to Spain by B)fighting and horse-niding the Moors of North America. The Europeans liked this textile and began to make cotton cloth C) horse-riding and farming By the fifteenth century, the cotton industry had spread from Spain to central Europe and the D) farming and hunting Low Countries 61. The name "Genghis Khan When Columbus arrived in the West Indies, he found the Indians wearing cotton clothes
5 members of the Family lived in constant danger and privation. This was an inauspicious beginning, but Temujin’s situation was to become a lot worse before it got better. When he was a young man, he was captured in a raid by a rival tribe. To prevent his escaping, a wooden collar was placed around his neck. From this extremity of helplessness as an illiterate prisoner in a primitive, barren country, Temujin rose to become the most powerful man in the world. His rise started when he managed to escape from his captor. He then allied himself with Toghril, a friend of his father’s, and chieftain of one of the related tribes living in the area. There followed many years of internecine warfare among these various Mongol tribes, in the course of which Temujin gradually fought his way to the top. The tribesmen of Mongolia had long been known as skilled horsemen and fierce warriors. Throughout history, they had made sporadic raids into northern China. However, before the rise of Temujin, the various tribes had always spent most of their energy in fighting each other. By a combination of military prowess, diplomacy, ruthlessness and organizational ability, Temujin managed to weld all of these tribes together under his leadership, and in 1206 an assembly of the Mongol chieftains proclaimed him Genghis Khan, or “ the universal emperor”. The formidable military machine that Genghis Khan had assembled was then turned outward upon neighboring nations. He first attacked the Western Xia state in northwestern China and the Jin Empire in northern China. While these battles were going on, a dispute arose between Genghis Khan and the Khwarezm Shah Muhammad, who ruled a considerable empire in Persia and central Asia. In 1219, Genghis led his armies against the Khwarezm Shah. Central Asia and Persia were overrun, and the Khwarezm Shah’s empire was completely destroyed. While other Mongol armies were attacking Russia, Genghis Khan himself led a raid into Afghanistan and northern India. He returned to Mongolia in 1225, and died there in 1227. 60. From the passage, we know that Mongolians were very good at . A) fighting and hunting B) fighting and horse-riding C) horse-riding and farming D) farming and hunting 61. The name “Genghis Khan” . A) was a name given by his father B) was the name of a defeated fellow chieftain C) meant “the universal emperor” D) did not mean anything 62. Adopting all possible means, Genghis Khan finally . A) managed to bring all of the chieftains to their knees B) managed to unite all of the tribes C) managed to maintain the internecine warfare among the tribes D) managed to stop the tribes from fighting each other 63. Which of the following is false? A) When Temujin was only a child, his father was killed. B) There were many wars in Genghis Khan’s time. C) Temujin was proclaimed Genghis Khan in the year 1206. D) Genghis Khan had conquered many places in Asia and Europe before his death. ( C ) Despite the widespread early use of wool and linen, cotton is the most important material for men’s clothing. Today, about three out of every four people in the world wear clothing made of cotton. Cotton has a long history. Fifteen hundred years before the birth of Christ, the people of India were making cotton into cloth. The Greek historian, Herodotus, who wrote in the fifth century before Christ, described a tree in Asia which bore cotton. He said that it exceeded in goodness and beauty the wool of any sheep.” He also described the way the people of India wove and dyed cotton. For two thousand years the Indian’s methods of weaving and dying have remained unchanged. Cotton was not exported to Europe until the eighth century A.D. It was brought to Spain by the Moors of North America. The Europeans liked this textile and began to make cotton cloth. By the fifteenth century, the cotton industry had spread from Spain to central Europe and the Low Countries. When Columbus arrived in the West Indies, he found the Indians wearing cotton clothes