UESTC 非文学翻译 上编：词与句的翻译 ●分析下面译文如何体现出译者主体性和信达雅原则： It was spurred on by research into steam power,electricity,the discovery of oxygen, and mechanical advances in technology,including the first use of iron for a bridge in 1776. 蒸汽动力和电力的研究，氧气的发现，以及机械技术的进步（例如1776年首次使 用铁来建造桥梁)，推动着工业革命向前发展。 The nineteenth century was a century of upheaval,of ferment of new forces and new ideas in conflict with the old. 19世纪是一个动荡不安的世纪，是新势力、新思想与旧势力、旧思想发生冲突的 世纪
分析下面译文如何体现出译者主体性和信达雅原则： 上编：词与句的翻译 It was spurred on by research into steam power, electricity, the discovery of oxygen, and mechanical advances in technology, including the first use of iron for a bridge in 1776. 蒸汽动力和电力的研究，氧气的发现，以及机械技术的进步（例如1776年首次使 用铁来建造桥梁），推动着工业革命向前发展。 The nineteenth century was a century of upheaval, of ferment of new forces and new ideas in conflict with the old. 19世纪是一个动荡不安的世纪，是新势力、新思想与旧势力、旧思想发生冲突的 世纪
非文学翻译 上编：词与句的翻译 如果我们带着这种视角来分析以下文本，就会发现文本的翻译决不是机械式的 词汇和句子对应，而是需要译者为之付出努力并掌握一定翻译技巧： Rottmann(1797-1850)was the greatest of the heroic landscapists,but he also suffered at times from the erroneous notion that a landscape without figures cannot arouse in the spectator proper emotions.Without being familiar with the much later school of open-air artists,he delighted in phases of nature which are characteristic of them -sunsets,storms,and moonlight.With him they were means of appealing to the emotions,owing to the things which they suggested-the grandeur of nature and the mystery of life.The open-air painters resort to them because of the studies in light and shade which they enable them to make,and the resulting color schemes. 罗特曼（1797一1850)堪称最伟大的英雄主义风景画家，但他也间或受到了这个错误观念 的影响：风景如果没有人物，就无法激起观众适当的情绪。虽然他对后来的露天画派并不 熟悉，但他欣然地沉浸于后者绘画中那些典型的自然景象一一日落、暴风雨和月光。对他来 说，它们是唤起情感的手段，因为它们暗示出了大自然的壮观和生命的神秘。而露天画派 之所以求助于它们，是因为他们可以借此来研究光影效果及相应的配色方案
如果我们带着这种视角来分析以下文本，就会发现文本的翻译决不是机械式的 词汇和句子对应，而是需要译者为之付出努力并掌握一定翻译技巧： Rottmann (1797-1850) was the greatest of the heroic landscapists, but he also suffered at times from the erroneous notion that a landscape without figures cannot arouse in the spectator proper emotions. Without being familiar with the much later school of open-air artists, he delighted in phases of nature which are characteristic of them — sunsets, storms, and moonlight. With him they were means of appealing to the emotions, owing to the things which they suggested — the grandeur of nature and the mystery of life. The open-air painters resort to them because of the studies in light and shade which they enable them to make, and the resulting color schemes. 罗特曼（1797—1850）堪称最伟大的英雄主义风景画家，但他也间或受到了这个错误观念 的影响：风景如果没有人物，就无法激起观众适当的情绪。虽然他对后来的露天画派并不 熟悉，但他欣然地沉浸于后者绘画中那些典型的自然景象——日落、暴风雨和月光。对他来 说，它们是唤起情感的手段，因为它们暗示出了大自然的壮观和生命的神秘。而露天画派 之所以求助于它们，是因为他们可以借此来研究光影效果及相应的配色方案。 上编：词与句的翻译
UESTC 非文学翻译 第一章词的引申、转换与翻译实践 第一节词的引申 ●词义的引申(Extension),就是在原词或词组等的基本意义基础上，把原义变 通为一种适合于表达原文精神实质的新义。 ·译者根据句子的前后逻辑和上下文之间的联系，将原文字面和含义进行恰当的 引申处理，使之更符合译入语的表达惯习
词义的引申（Extension），就是在原词或词组等的基本意义基础上，把原义变 通为一种适合于表达原文精神实质的新义。 译者根据句子的前后逻辑和上下文之间的联系，将原文字面和含义进行恰当的 引申处理，使之更符合译入语的表达惯习。 第一章 词的引申、转换与翻译实践 第一节 词的引申
UESTC 非文学翻译 第一节词的引申 1.调整、变通或扩展 In the digital economy,computing power is a new driver of production.在数字经济新 时代，算力将成为新生产力。 Voltaire wrote against the despotic rule of kings and the hegemony of the church.Later, revolutionary thinkers would recall his seminal ideas. 伏尔泰为反对君主专制和教会霸权而著书立说，他的开创性思想将在后来的革命 思想家那里得到回应
1. 调整、变通或扩展 In the digital economy, computing power is a new driver of production.在数字经济新 时代，算力将成为新生产力。 Voltaire wrote against the despotic rule of kings and the hegemony of the church. Later, revolutionary thinkers would recall his seminal ideas. 伏尔泰为反对君主专制和教会霸权而著书立说，他的开创性思想将在后来的革命 思想家那里得到回应。 第一节 词的引申
UESTC 非文学翻译 第一节词的引申 2.具体化译法 The level was low,yet not so low that a reversion to better things followed as a necessary conclusion. 情况确实糟糕，但没糟糕到我们常说的“否极泰来”的那种“否极”境地。 3.抽象化译法 C is the language of choice for system-level programming,and there is a huge installed base of application-level programs as well. C语言是系统级编程的首选，同时它也非常适用于应用级程序的编写：
2. 具体化译法 The level was low, yet not so low that a reversion to better things followed as a necessary conclusion. 情况确实糟糕，但没糟糕到我们常说的“否极泰来”的那种“否极”境地。 3. 抽象化译法 C is the language of choice for system-level programming, and there is a huge installed base of application-level programs as well. C 语言是系统级编程的首选，同时它也非常适用于应用级程序的编写. 第一节 词的引申