The PA One of the first activities of the association was to produce a journal in which the contents were printed entirely in phonetic transcription. The idea of establishing a phonetic alphabet was first proposed by the Danish grammarian and phonetician Otto Jespersen(1860-1943)in 1886. the first version of the International Phonetic Alphabet (the IPA chart) was published in August 1888
• One of the first activities of the Association was to produce a journal in which the contents were printed entirely in phonetic transcription. – The idea of establishing a phonetic alphabet was first proposed by the Danish grammarian and phonetician Otto Jespersen (1860-1943) in 1886. – the first version of the International Phonetic Alphabet (the IPA chart) was published in August 1888. The IPA
The PA IPA provides it users with another set of symbols called diacritics The DIACritics are additional symbols or marks used together with the consonants and vowels symbols to indicate nuances of changes in pronunciation
• IPA provides it users with another set of symbols called diacritics. • The DIACRITICS are additional symbols or marks used together with the consonants and vowels symbols to indicate nuances of changes in pronunciation. The IPA
The PA Its main principles were that there should be a separate letter for each distinctive sound, and that the same symbol should be used for that sound in any language in which it appears The alphabet was to consist of as many roman alphabet letters as possible, using new letters and diacritics only when absolutely necessary. These principles continue to be followed today
• Its main principles were that there should be a separate letter for each distinctive sound, and that the same symbol should be used for that sound in any language in which it appears. • The alphabet was to consist of as many Roman alphabet letters as possible, using new letters and diacritics only when absolutely necessary. • These principles continue to be followed today. The IPA
THE INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET (revised to 2005) NSONAN TS(PULMONIC) 临20051A Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Post alveolar RetrofexPalntnl Velar Pharyngeal 】心al Plore p b Tall T neav中Bf eSsAr 3 ApproXialsit 大 Where symbls appear in pain. the one to the ngh represents a voted consonant. shaded CONSONANTS (NON-PUL MONIC Hic oieed implosives Bctv Back close I d pets/atveol LY BPalatoalvselat OTHER SYMHOLS a adcetewlnhanl-velnr native ocd以可O Vad eudi awanlnr nigral il 出时 ANEOMENTAI Prmary at Voted egional treaty fodt。n Eso样aOve Long DIACRITICS Diacritics may be placed above a symbol with a descender.eg. n Hait.long Extrashort C L Minor (foot) roup Voted cReaky A心 th dh Major intonation) group dv Syllable break Ii. akt t dJ d N缸s△ NI wEI Art e,1m。A deseed o plary正 - Hish ∈N e e」 N甘a
CONSONANTS (PULMONIC) Plosive td tdc Jkg 9G Nasal Fricative φβfv6bsz「3sz9 i XYx B hs h Lateral fricative Approximant ateral approximant