Chapter 5:Factor Endowment and the Heckscher- Ohlin Theory（要素禀赋与赫克歇尔-俄林理论) From this chapter,we will learn: factor intensity,factor abundance(endowment) (要素密集度，要素丰裕度) ■Heckscher-Ohlin theorem(赫克歇尔-俄林定理) factor-price equalization (H-0-S)theorem 要素价格均等（赫-俄-萨）定理 the Leontief paradox and it's explanations 里昂惕夫之谜及其解释
1 Chapter 5：Factor Endowment and the HeckscherOhlin Theory （要素禀赋与赫克歇尔-俄林理论） From this chapter,we will learn: factor intensity, factor abundance(endowment) （要素密集度，要素丰裕度） Heckscher-Ohlin theorem（赫克歇尔-俄林定理） factor-price equalization (H-O-S) theorem 要素价格均等（赫-俄-萨）定理 the Leontief paradox and it’s explanations 里昂惕夫之谜及其解释
the difference in relative commodity price (comparative advantage) mutually beneficial trade 2
2 ? the difference in relative commodity price (comparative advantage) mutually beneficial trade
5.2 Assumptions of the Theory(理论的假设) 1.two nations,two commodities (X and Y),two factors L and K) 2.both nations use the same technology 3.commodity X is labor intensive,Y is capital intensive 4.constant returns to scale 5.incomplete specialization 6.taste are equal in both nations 7.perfect competition in both commodities and factor markets 8.perfect internal factor mobility,no international factor mobility 9.no transportation costs,tariffs,or other obstructions 10.resources are fully employed 11.international trade is balanced 3
3 5.2 Assumptions of the Theory （理论的假设 ） 1. two nations, two commodities （X and Y ）, two factors （ L and K ） 2. both nations use the same technology 3. commodity X is labor intensive, Y is capital intensive 4. constant returns to scale 5. incomplete specialization 6. taste are equal in both nations 7. perfect competition in both commodities and factor markets 8. perfect internal factor mobility, no international factor mobility 9. no transportation costs, tariffs, or other obstructions 10. resources are fully employed 11. international trade is balanced
5.3 factor intensity,factor abundance, and the shape of the production frontier (要素密集度、要素充裕度和生产可能性 曲线的形状) 4
4 5.3 factor intensity, factor abundance, and the shape of the production frontier （要素密集度、要素充裕度和生产可能性 曲线的形状）
5.3A factor intensity factor intensity the ratio of labor and capital used in the production of a commodity. 要素密集度：指生产某种产品所投入的两种生产要素的比例。 (KLx:the capital-labor ratio of commodity X, KLy:the capital-labor ratio of commodity Y, If (K/L)x<(K/L)y we say that X is L-intensive Y is K-intensive. 5
5 5.3A factor intensity factor intensity :the ratio of labor and capital used in the production of a commodity. 要素密集度:指生产某种产品所投入的两种生产要素的比例。 (K/L)X ：the capital-labor ratio of commodity X, (K/L)Y ：the capital-labor ratio of commodity Y, If (K/L) X< (K/L) Y we say that X is L-intensive ，Y is K-intensive