构词法 词缀法派生法 ★后缀 suffix 1.常见的构成名词的后缀 -ability inability instability availability washability age akage shortage shrinkage il ige post denial dismissal renewal withdrawal burial betrayal rental portrayal American Russian Asian Indian African ean Italian Hungarian ance admittance attendance endurance performance entrance alliance guidance assistance -ant accountant attendar consultant applicant an missionary adversary beneficiary dignitary boundary documentary ate electorate consulate doctorate directorate ation examination imagination relaxation education plantation temptation privacy accuracy efficiency pregnancy presidency privacy dom freedom wisdom boredom stardom kingdom employee nominee examinee trainee trustee addressee refugee absentee engineer profiteer ence differ ependence indulgence prefe interference reference absence innocence violence diligence porter observer leader player waiter winner computer recorder mixer bribery mo P princess actress empress goddess eiress hostess mistress waitress tigr childhood manhoo motherhood maidenhood neighborhood Ian musician historian politician physician technician ibility possibility responsibility flexibility visibility feasibility credibility feeling reading cooking ending washing writing ction contribution exhibit
构词法 词缀法/派生法 ★ 后缀 suffix 1. 常见的构成名词的后缀 -ability inability instability availability washability -age leakage shortage shrinkage drainage milage voltage postage orphanage -al denial dismissal renewal withdrawal burial betrayal rental portrayal -an American Russian Asian Indian African Korean Italian Huangarian -ance admittance attendance endurance performance entrance alliance guidance assistance -ant accountant attendant contestant pollutant immigrant participant consultant applicant -ary missionary adversary beneficiary dignitary boundary documentary dictionary commentary -ate electorate consulate doctorate directorate -ation examination imagination relaxation education plantation temptation decoration transportation -cy privacy accuracy efficiency pregnancy presidency privacy -dom freedom wisdom boredom stardom kingdom -ee employee nominee examinee trainee trustee addressee refugee absentee -eer engineer mountaineer profiteer -ence difference existence dependence competence indulgence preference interference reference absence innocence violence diligence -er farmer driver reporter observer leader player waiter winner computer recorder mixer -ery bribery mockery machinery jewellery scenery -ese Chinese Japanese Portuguese -ess princess actress empress goddess heiress hostess mistress waitress tigress -hood childhood manhood motherhood maidenhood neighborhood brotherhood -ian magician musician historian politician physician technician comedian -ibility possibility responsibility flexibility visibility feasibility credibility -ing feeling reading cooking shopping ending washing writing cleaning sightseeing -ion action contribution exhibition production conclusion decision
-Isn Marxism socialism realism idealism optimism terrorism heroism capitalism nationalism activist idealist capitalist communist Methodist socialist terrorist racist artist novelist scientist tourist -ity prosperity equality formality hostility generosity simplicity superiority piglet starlet booklet fireman businessman milkman oliceman fisherman cameraman hairman ment achievement development agreement argument arrangementexcitement nt ness happiness sadness goodness boldness madness sickness tenderness or actor conductor inspector instructor creator editor sailor Isitor director supervisor jewelry slavery rivalry bravery imagery recovery flattery ship friendship ownership authorship professorship leadership workmanship sportsmanship scholarship departure failure exposure pleasure pressure ware software hardware silverware kitchenware glassware ironware ork housework needlework metalwork brainwork homework modesty difficulty discovery treasury treaty expiry 2.常见的构成形容词的后缀 dvisable admirable lovable comfortable valuable miserable suitable available fashionable national cultural musical historical original additional classical an, ian Russian Asian African Korean tolerant reluctant dominant triumphant important pleasant ignorant momentary voluntary fragmentary customary honorary imagi -aIe fortunate affectionate passionate collegiate excited bored amazed retired bearded doomed beloved woolen earthen golden woode alken leade different Insistent persistent consistent existent correspondent -ese Chinese Japanese Burmese Vietnamese beautiful hopeful helpful dutiful joyful graceful successful shameful permissible divisible contemptible collapsible forcible admissible comprehensible
-ism Marxism socialism realism idealism optimism terrorism heroism capitalism nationalism -ist activist idealist capitalist communist Methodist socialist terrorist racist artist novelist scientist tourist -ity prosperity equality formality hostility generosity simplicity superiority -let piglet starlet booklet -man fireman businessman milkman policeman fisherman cameraman seaman gunman gentleman chairman -ment achievement development agreement argument arrangement excitement assignment improvement payment -ness happiness sadness goodness boldness madness sickness tenderness weakness bitterness -or actor conductor inspector instructor creator editor sailor visitor director supervisor -ry jewelry slavery rivalry bravery imagery recovery flattery -ship friendship ownership authorship professorship leadership workmanship sportsmanship scholarship -ty loyalty safety penalty -ure departure failure exposure pleasure pressure -ware software hardware silverware kitchenware glassware ironware silverware kitchenware -work housework needlework metalwork brainwork homework -y modesty difficulty discovery treasury treaty expiry 2. 常见的构成形容词的后缀 -able advisable admirable lovable comfortable valuable miserable suitable available fashionable -al national cultural musical historical original additional classical educational globe logical political -an,ian American Cuban Russian Asian Canadian African Korean Norwegian -ant tolerant reluctant dominant triumphant important pleasant ignorant significant -ary momentary voluntary fragmentary customary honorary imaginary legendary secondary -ate fortunate affectionate passionate collegiante -ed excited bored amazed retired bearded doomed beloved -en woolen earthen golden wooden waxen silken leaden ashen -ent different dependent insistent persistent consistent existent correspondent -ese Chinese Japanese Burmese Vietnamese -ful beautiful hopeful helpful dutiful joyful graceful successful shameful -ible permissible divisible contemptible collapsible forcible admissible comprehensible
enthusiastic realistic poetic hi ptimistic economic idiotic democratic historical economical classical geographical amusing disgusting frightening surprising amazing misleading convincing prevailing trying rish Polish Swedish Spanish Boyish selfish bookish Childish Ive active effective creative attractive competitive constructive endless restless useless careless heartless nameless homeless ke prison-like ladylike dre eamllke warlike lifelike businesslike ndly lovely lively costly orderly lonely manly leisurely fatherly daily kindly lowly courageous furious dangerous famous various ner vous continuous advantageous adventurous mysterious some tiresome troublesome awesome wholesome loathsome wide worldwide nationwide countrywide company-wide campus-wide worthy trustworthy praiseworthy noteworthy creditworthy applause-worthy flowery bloody cloudy foggy sunny muddy mighty 3.构成副词的后缀 clearly slowly obviously naturally exactly finally gradually rapidly normally badly seriously perfectly down head-down palm-down belly-down face-down heel-first irst feet-first ard(s) homeward Iward(s) backward(s) skyward(s) wise likewise clockwise anticlockwise vote-wise 4.构成动词的后缀 te activate originate motivate hyphe en widen hasten lengthen strengthen sweeten sharpen horten mplify intensify clarify notify purify qualify terrify horrify moralize criticize sympathiZe subsidize characterize terrorize legalize modernize standardize 5.构成数词的后缀 teen thirteen sixteen fifteen th fifth twelfth thirtieth 6.一些次要的后缀
-ic enthusiastic realistic poetic historic magnetic pessimistic optimistic economic idiotic democratic -ical historical economical classical geographical -ing amusing disgusting frightening surprising amazing misleading convincing prevailing trying -ish Irish Polish Swedish Spanish Boyish selfish bookish Childish foolish -ive active aggressive effective creative attractive competitive comprehensive constructive -less endless restless useless careless heartless nameless homeless meaningless spotless harmless -like childlike honey-like prison-like ladylike dreamlike warlike lifelike businesslike -ly friendly lovely lively costly orderly lonely manly leisurely fatherly daily kindly lowly -ous courageous furious dangerous famous various nervous continuous advantageous adventurous mysterious -some tiresome troublesome awesome wholesome loathsome -wide worldwide nationwide countrywide company-wide campus-wide society-wide -worthy trustworthy praiseworthy noteworthy creditworthy applause-worthy -y rainy dirty dusty thirsty flowery bloody cloudy foggy sunny muddy mighty 3. 构成副词的后缀 -ly clearly slowly obviously naturally exactly finally gradually rapidly normally badly seriously perfectly . -down head-down palm-down belly-down face-down -first head-first heel-first nose-first feet-first -ward(s) homeward westward(s) onward(s) backward(s) skyward(s) downward(s) -wise likewise clockwise anticlockwise vote-wise 4. 构成动词的后缀 -ate activate originate motivate hyphenate -en widen hasten lengthen strengthen sweeten sharpen shorten deepen loosen quicken brighten -ify simplify intensify clarify notify purify qualify terrify horrify personify justify identify amplify -ize apologize moralize emphasize criticize symbolize sympathize subsidize characterize terrorize legalize modernize standardize 5. 构成数词的后缀 -teen thirteen sixteen fifteen -ty twenty eighty -th fifth twelfth thirtieth 6. 一些次要的后缀
一些构成名词的后缀: librarian vegetarian humanitarian parliamentarian ette cigarette kitchenette usherette leatherette folk menfolk countryfolk townsfolk womenfolk milligram raph autoraph paragraph telegraph photograph head spearhead pinhead letterhead bridgehead alcoholic workaholic chocoholic cashaholic denial burial editorial memorial arthritis hepatitis bronchitis appendicitis dialogue catalogue epilogue monologue -mania kleptomania egomania nymphomania dipsomania schoolmate roommate classmate playmate barometer speedometer acidimeter thermometer monger fishmonger warmonger rumormonger whoremonger ocracy aristocracy autocracy bureaucracy democracy aristocrat bureaucrat democrat technocrat psychology ecology earphone saxophone phone landscape seascape moonscape ●一些构成形容词的后缀 based market-based class-based community-based coal-based bound duty-bound housebound westbound London-bound conscious self-conscious class-conscious safety-conscious ecology-conscious threefold ightfold tenfold headed hot-headed clear-headed muddle- headed bald-headed market-led state-led consumer-led government-led ade hand-made home-made man-made US-made open-minded absent-minded liberal-minded practical-minded innermost topmost foremost outmost ical biological ecological ide archaeological nutrient-poor oxygen-poor nitrogen-poor resource-poor soundproof fir related ob-related age-related drug-related race-related carbon-rich fibre-rich fat-rich protein-rich bedside fireside lakeside riverside apple-sized fist-sized pea-sized postcard-sized stricken panic-stricken horror-stricken grief-stricken poverty-stricken muscular molecular curricular triangular
*一些构成名词的后缀： -archy anarchy hierarchy oligarchy monarchy -arian librarian vegetarian humanitarian parliamentarian -cide suicide homicide genocide pesticide -craft aircraft hovercraft spacecraft handicraft -ette cigarette kitchenette usherette leatherette -folk menfolk countryfolk townsfolk womenfolk -gram diagram telegram kilogram milligram -graph autoraph paragraph telegraph photograph -hand farm-hand factory-hand garage-hand deckhand -head spearhead pinhead letterhead bridgehead -aholic alcoholic workaholic chocoholic cashaholic -ial denial burial editorial memorial -itis arthritis hepatitis bronchitis appendicitis -logue dialogue catalogue epilogue monologue -mania kleptomania egomania nymphomania dipsomania -mate schoolmate roommate classmate playmate -meter barometer speedometer acidimeter thermometer -monger fishmonger warmonger rumormonger whoremonger -ocracy aristocracy autocracy bureaucracy democracy -ocrat aristocrat bureaucrat democrat technocrat -ology biology archaeology psychology ecology -phone earphone saxophone telephone -scape landscape seascape moonscape river-scape ⚫ 一些构成形容词的后缀 -based market-based class-based community-based coal-based -bound duty-bound housebound westbound London-bound -conscious self-conscious class-conscious safety-conscious ecology-conscious -fold twofold threefold eightfold tenfold -free carefree tax-free risk-free pollution-free -headed hot-headed clear-headed muddle-headed bald-headed -led market-led state-led consumer-led government-led -made hand-made home-made man-made US-made -minded open-minded absent-minded liberal-minded practical-minded -most innermost topmost foremost outmost -ological biological ecological ideological archaeological -poor nutrient-poor oxygen-poor nitrogen-poor resource-poor -proof waterproof soundproof fireproof bullet-proof -related job-related age-related drug-related race-related -rich carbon-rich fibre-rich fat-rich protein-rich -side bedside fireside lakeside riverside -sized apple-sized fist-sized pea-sized postcard-sized -stricken panic-stricken horror-stricken grief-stricken poverty-stricken -ular muscular molecular curricular triangular
★前缀 prefix a.改变词类的前缀: a-加在名词前构成形容词或副词: aside ashore ablaze be-加在名词或形容词前构成动词: d behead bewitch em-加在名词等前构成动词 embed embody empower en-加在名词或形容词前构成动词: endanger encourage enrage enslave enrich enlarge enable ot-加在名词或形容词前构成动词: outflank outnumber outpace outplay outsmart outwit outrank outclass b.构成反义词的前缀: de-非 de-emphasize decentralize demilitarize demobilize declassify ds不…构成动词: disappear disobey disapprove disagree dislike displease distrust disbelieve disarm构成名词 discontent dishonor discomfort disobedience 构成形容词 disloyal dishonest disinterested discourteous dissimilar i illegal illogical illiterate ient impolite impossible immature incapable informal inadequate independent inability injustice adequacy insecurity irresolute irresponsible irresistible irregular nOn-(非) non-economic non-violent non-competitive non-smoker non-profit non-resident -形容词: unable uncertain untidy unsafe unconscious unemployed unfortunate 副词: unluckily unhappily unusually unwillingly unfortunately unnaturally uncomfortably 名词 AJiaJ: undress uncover undo unwrap unpack unbutton untie unlock b ia: unexpected unfinished unprepared unprecedented unchanging c.常见的表示特定意思的前缀: a纯,全是 1I-wool all-steel all-female all-new 各种(个)al-agel- eason all-purpose all-weather anti-K, f anti-fascist anti-racist anti-war anti-abortion anti-cancer ah-大 archbishop archdeacon 头号的arch- enemy arch-rival arch-villian arch-traitor awo-自动的 automatic auto- timer auto-rexord-auto- reverse 自己的 autobiography autograph autonomous 汽车的 automobile auto- industry auto- work autosport 双,二 bilingual bilateral biga bio-生物的 biochemical biological biology biotechnology
★ 前缀 prefix a. 改变词类的前缀： a- 加在名词前构成形容词或副词： asleep aboard aside ashore ablaze be- 加在名词或形容词前构成动词： belittle befriend behead bewitch bedim em- 加在名词等前构成动词： embark embed embody empower embitter en- 加在名词或形容词前构成动词： endanger encourage enrage enforce enslave enrich enlarge enable out- 加在名词或形容词前构成动词： outflank outmumber outpace outplay outsmart outwit outrank outclass b. 构成反义词的前缀： de- 非…… de-emphasize decentralize demilitarize demobilize declassify dehydrate dis- 不……构成动词： disappear disobey disapprove disagree dislike displease distrust disbelieve disarm 构成名词： discontent dishonor discomfort disobedience 构成形容词 disloyal dishonest disinterested discourteous dissimilar il- illegal illogical illiterate im- impatient impolite impossible immature in- incapable informal inadequate independent inability injustice inadequacy insecurity ir- irresolute irresponsible irresistible irregular non- （非） non-essential non-economic non-violent non-competitive non-smoker non-profit non-resident un- 形容词： unable uncertain untidy unsafe unconscious unemployed unfortunate 副词： unluckily unhappily unusually unwillingly unfortunately unnaturally uncomfortably 名词： uncertainty unacceptability unfairness unpleasantness 动词： undress uncover undo unwrap unpack unbutton untie unlock 分词 ： unexpected unfinished unprepared unprecedented unchanging unhesitating uninviting untrusting c. 常见的表示特定意思的前缀： all- 纯，全是 all-wool all-steel all-female all-new 各种（个） all-age all-season all-purpose all-weather anti- 反 , 抗 anti-fascist anti-racist anti-war anti-abortion anti-cancer anti-pollution anti-biotic arch- 大 archbishop archdeacon 头号的 arch-enemy arch-rival arch-villian arch-traitor auto- 自动的 automatic auto-timer auto-rexord -auto-reverse 自己的 autobiography autograph autonomous 汽车的 automobile auto-industry auto-work autosport bi- 双，二 bilingual bilateral bigamy bifocals bio- 生物的 biochemical biological biology biotechnology