红 新增题型全突破 [A The name comes from "googol, "the mathematical term for a l followed by 100 zeros. This means. "a hell of a lot than there is in the universe. The Google people chose it because they want to organize all the data on the web B] This section also provides a rich field for ego-surfing, or entering your own name to find out what is said about you Some consider ego-surfing neurotic, and anyone who does it ever probably suffers from an identity problem [C] Another problem is that identical names baffle Google D The other day, unable to resist, I found that I've been mentioned about 500 times in the various chat rooms that Google monitors. This provided half an hour of innocent pleasure [ E Now that the verb "to Google"is embedded in the language, Googling has turned out to be, for [F] Should you wish to remember an Alex Colville painting, you may well find it among the 181 Colville images available. If you want to recall Churchills photo, Banff, or Cary Grant, Google will show them to you, usually in dozens of versions IG Google's news report links to 4, 500 news sources around the world. On the screen it looks ather like a newspaper page, with pictures and headings, but it changes constantly as newspapers and broadcasters change what they put on the Web. 本题同样涉及段落内上下文的逻辑把握。既然下文 【总体分析】 说到“ A story(新闻故事) gets on if enough 本篇对coge搜索引擎的创建及其作用作了一番| newspapers run it and give it prominence",那么答案 解说。第一、二段为引子,三、四段说明它的创建,就得与新闻报纸内容有关,答案显然是G项 后几段作者进行正反评说。 【详细解答】 本题涉及段落内部逻辑。既然下文说到“ It needs help distinguishing between Francis Bacon, the 20th 本题考察考生对全文结构,尤其上下段的逻辑的把|- century painter,, and Francis Bacon.,the7th 握。既然上段介绍了Goge,下段又介绍 Google century philosopher”,那么上文就得说过Goge不 的创建,那么空格选项应为A项,才符合前后逻辑。善区分相同得姓名人物,答案显然是C项。 42.F 45.E 本题涉及段落内容的前后连贯,尤其上下句的修辞|本题涉及段落内逻辑。下文说到一位女士给一报纸 排比。既然前后都是…,那么选项当然就该是F|编辑( ethic ist论理学家)写信,问自己所做得事是 项了 否得体( decent),可见上文涉及伦理道德问题,所 以E项为答案 Text 4 Directions In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most 11/73
新增题型全突破 11/73 [A] The name comes from “googol,” the mathematical term for a 1 followed by 100 zeros. This means, “a hell of a lot more than there is in the universe.” The Google people chose it because they want to organize all the data on the Web. [B] This section also provides a rich field for ego-surfing, or entering your own name to find out what is said about you. Some consider ego-surfing neurotic, and anyone who does it every day probably suffers from an identity problem. [C] Another problem is that identical names baffle Google. [D] The other day, unable to resist, I found that I’ve been mentioned about 500 times in the various chat rooms that Google monitors. This provided half an hour of innocent pleasure. [E] Now that the verb “to Google” is embedded in the language, Googling has turned out to be, for some, a moral problem. [F] Should you wish to remember an Alex Colville painting, you may well find it among the 181 Colville images available. If you want to recall Churchill’s photo, Banff, or Cary Grant, Google will show them to you, usually in dozens of versions. [G] Google’s news report links to 4,500 news sources around the world. On the screen it looks rather like a newspaper page, with pictures and headings, but it changes constantly as newspapers and broadcasters change what they put on the Web. 【总体分析】 本篇对 Google 搜索引擎的创建及其作用作了一番 解说。第一、二段为引子，三、四段说明它的创建， 后几段作者进行正反评说。 【详细解答】 41．A 本题考察考生对全文结构，尤其上下段的逻辑的把 握。既然上段介绍了 Google，下段又介绍 Google 的创建，那么空格选项应为 A 项，才符合前后逻辑。 42．F 本题涉及段落内容的前后连贯，尤其上下句的修辞 排比。既然前后都是 if…，那么选项当然就该是 F 项了。 43．G 本题同样涉及段落内上下文的逻辑把握。既然下文 说到“A story （新闻故 事） gets on if enough newspapers run it and give it prominence.”，那么答案 就得与新闻报纸内容有关，答案显然是 G 项。 44．C 本题涉及段落内部逻辑。既然下文说到“It needs help distinguishing between Francis Bacon, the 20th —century painter, and Francis Bacon, the 17th— century philosopher”，那么上文就得说过 Google 不 善区分相同得姓名人物，答案显然是 C 项。 45．E 本题涉及段落内逻辑。下文说到一位女士给一报纸 编辑（ethicist 论理学家）写信，问自己所做得事是 否得体（decent），可见上文涉及伦理道德问题，所 以 E 项为答案。 Text 4 Directions In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1--5, choose the most
红 新增题型全突破 suitable one fiom the list A--G to fit into each of the numbered blank There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points In the United States, the factory developed first in the cotton textile industry. Due to the unusual nature of its founding the mill of Almy, Brown, and Slater, in operation by 1793 considered as the first American factory. Like many other American enterprisers, they had tried and failed to duplicate English spinning machinery. In 1789 there came to rhode Island a young mechanical wizard, Samuel Slater, who had worked for years in the firm of Arkwright and Strutt in Milford, England. Having memorized the minutest details of the water frames, Slater immigrated to the United States, where he joined with Almy and Brown and agreed to reproduce the equipment for a mechanized spinning mill. Although small, the enterprise served as a training ground for operatives and as a pilot operation for managers Between 1805 and 1815 04 new cotton mills were built in New England, and the mounting competition led Almy and Brown to push their markets south and west. Only two decades after Arkwright machinery was introduced into this country, the market for yarn was becoming national and the spinning process was becoming a true factory operation as it was in England 42) 43) By1845, instance. the Brady's Bend Iron Company in western Pennsylvania owned nearly 6,000 acres of mineral land and 5 miles of riverfront upon the Allegheny. It mined its own coal, ore, limestone, fire-clay, and fire-stone, made its own coke, and owned 14 miles of rail way to serve its works. The plant itself consisted of 4 blast furnaces, a foundry, and rolling mills. It was equipped to perform all the processes, from getting raw materials out of the ground to delivering finished rails and metals shapes to consumers, and could produce annually between 10,000 and 15,000 tons of rails. This with an actual investment of $1.000.000 was among the largest in America before the Civil War. though there rival works of approximately equal capacity and similar How one industry could adopt new methods as a consequence of process in another industry is shown by the fact that as the sewing machine was produced on a quantity basis, the boot and she developed factory characteristi and even farm implements were eventually produced in large numbers. 45) [A Two events propelled these changes. One was the successful introduction of the power loom into American manufacture; the other was the organization of production so that all four states of the manufacture of cotton cloth could occur within one establishment. These states were spinning weaving, dying, and cutting Great Britain, Fr Lowell, a New England merchant gained sufficient knowledge or the secrets of mechanized weaving to enable him, with the help of a gifted technician, to construct a power loom superior to any that had been built to date
新增题型全突破 12/73 suitable one from the list A--G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) In the United States, the factory developed first in the cotton textile industry. Due to the unusual nature of its founding, the mill of Almy, Brown, and Slater, in operation by 1793, are considered as the first American factory. Like many other American enterprisers, they had tried and failed to duplicate English spinning machinery. In 1789 there came to Rhode Island a young mechanical wizard, Samuel Slater, who had worked for years in the firm of Arkwright and Strutt in Milford, England. Having memorized the minutest details of the water frames, Slater immigrated to the United States, where he joined with Almy and Brown and agreed to reproduce the equipment for a mechanized spinning mill. Although small, the enterprise served as a training ground for operatives and as a pilot operation for managers. 41)__________________________________________________. Between 1805 and 1815, 94 new cotton mills were built in New England, and the mounting competition led Almy and Brown to push their markets south and west. Only two decades after Arkwright machinery was introduced into this country, the market for yarn was becoming national and the spinning process was becoming a true factory operation as it was in England. 42) ______________________________________. 43) _______________________________________________. By 1845, for instance, the Brady’s Bend Iron Company in western Pennsylvania owned nearly 6,000 acres of mineral land and 5 miles of riverfront upon the Allegheny. It mined its own coal, ore, limestone, fire—clay, and fire—stone, made its own coke, and owned 14 miles of railway to serve its works. The plant itself consisted of 4 blast furnaces, a foundry, and rolling mills. It was equipped to perform all the processes, from getting raw materials out of the ground to delivering finished rails and metals shapes to consumers, and could produce annually between 10,000 and 15,000 tons of rails. This company, with an actual investment of ＄1,000,000, was among the largest in America before the Civil War, though there were rival works of approximately equal capacity and similar organization. 44)_____________________________________________. How one industry could adopt new methods as a consequence of process in another industry is shown by the fact that as the sewing machine was produced on a quantity basis, the boot and shoe industry developed factory characteristics. Carriages, wagons, and even farm implements were eventually produced in large numbers. 45)_____________________________. [A] Two events propelled these changes. One was the successful introduction of the power loom into American manufacture; the other was the organization of production so that all four states of the manufacture of cotton cloth could occur within one establishment. These states were spinning, weaving, dying, and cutting. [B] After closely observing the workings of textile machinery in Great Britain, Francis Cabot Lowell, a New England merchant, gained sufficient knowledge or the secrets of mechanized weaving to enable him, with the help of a gifted technician, to construct a power loom superior to any that had been built to date
红 C] Finally, where markets were more extensive, where there was a substantial investment in fixed plant, and where workers were subjected to formal discipline, some firms in the traditional mill industries other than the textile and iron industries achieved factory status. The great merchant flour mills of Baltimore and Rochester fell into this category, as did some of the large packing plants in New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and(after 1840)Cincinnati D In the anthracite region to the east, factory operation of furnaces and rolling mills had been achieved by 1850s. And at that time American factories were manufacturing arms, clocks and watches, and sewing machines [E] A number of small cotton mills soon followed, but most of them failed by the turn of the century because their promoters did not aim to a wide market. Not until the"Embargo Act" of 1807 and the consequent scarcity of English textiles that stimulated demand for domestic manufacturers did spinning mills become numerous in the United States [F Consolidating all the steps of textile manufacture in a single plant lowered production costs. A large number of specialized worker were organized into departments and directed by executives ho were not necessarily technical supervisors. The factory, by using power-driven machinery, roduced standardized commodities in quantit IG In most other industries as well, the decade of the 1830s was one of expansion and experimentation with new methods. In the primary iron industry, establishments by the 1840s dwarfed those of a quarter-century earlier, and even in the pre-steel era, some of them had passed beyond what could be called the mill state 【总体分析】 instance, the Bradys Bend Iron Company in western 本文介绍了工厂在美国的产生经过。前三段主要介 Pennsylvania owned nearly6,00 acres of mineral 绍棉纺织厂的形成,后三段介绍其他行业工厂的形 land and 5 miles of riverfront upon the Allegheny 成。 说明本段内容涉及其他行业,如采矿,所以答案为 【详细解答】 本题涉及上下段的语义逻辑。依据上段末句及空格本题涉及上下段逻辑。上段末句说“ there were rival 后的内容,最符合逻辑的选择为E。其实,空格后| works of approximately equal capacity and similar 的时间词1805-1815也可作为解题依据 organization.”,最符合逻辑的选择是D项,介绍- 42.A 些可与之抗衡的工厂。D项中的时间也可做依据 本题涉及上下段的逻辑关系。A项为最佳选择,其45.c 中的“ these changes”与上文末句的两个主语呼应。本题涉及段内逻辑。由于前几句讲了几个行业出现 B和F项的首句皆有问题,与上文衔接不好 了工厂特征( factory characteristics),那么选项最好 再说到几个行业也工厂化,C项符合( factory 本题涉及段内逻辑,既然下文说“By1845, forstat),故为答案 Text 5 13/73
新增题型全突破 13/73 [C] Finally, where markets were more extensive, where there was a substantial investment in fixed plant, and where workers were subjected to formal discipline, some firms in the traditional mill industries other than the textile and iron industries achieved factory status. The great merchant flour mills of Baltimore and Rochester fell into this category, as did some of the large packing plants in New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and (after 1840) Cincinnati. [D] In the anthracite region to the east, factory operation of furnaces and rolling mills had been achieved by 1850s. And at that time American factories were manufacturing arms, clocks and watches, and sewing machines. [E] A number of small cotton mills soon followed, but most of them failed by the turn of the century because their promoters did not aim to a wide market. Not until the “Embargo Act” of 1807 and the consequent scarcity of English textiles that stimulated demand for domestic manufacturers did spinning mills become numerous in the United States. [F] Consolidating all the steps of textile manufacture in a single plant lowered production costs. A large number of specialized worker were organized into departments and directed by executives who were not necessarily technical supervisors. The factory, by using power—driven machinery, produced standardized commodities in quantity. [G] In most other industries as well, the decade of the 1830s was one of expansion and experimentation with new methods. In the primary iron industry, establishments by the 1840s dwarfed those of a quarter—century earlier, and even in the pre-steel era, some of them had passed beyond what could be called the mill state. 【总体分析】 本文介绍了工厂在美国的产生经过。前三段主要介 绍棉纺织厂的形成，后三段介绍其他行业工厂的形 成。 【详细解答】 41．E 本题涉及上下段的语义逻辑。依据上段末句及空格 后的内容，最符合逻辑的选择为 E。其实，空格后 的时间词 1805－1815 也可作为解题依据。 42．A 本题涉及上下段的逻辑关系。A 项为最佳选择，其 中的“these changes”与上文末句的两个主语呼应。 B 和 F 项的首句皆有问题，与上文衔接不好。 43．G 本题涉及段内逻辑，既然下文说“By 1845, for instance, the Brady’s Bend Iron Company in western Pennsylvania owned nearly 6,000 acres of mineral land and 5 miles of riverfront upon the Allegheny.”， 说明本段内容涉及其他行业，如采矿，所以答案为 G。 44．D 本题涉及上下段逻辑。上段末句说“there were rival works of approximately equal capacity and similar organization.”，最符合逻辑的选择是 D 项，介绍一 些可与之抗衡的工厂。D 项中的时间也可做依据。 45．C 本题涉及段内逻辑。由于前几句讲了几个行业出现 了工厂特征（factory characteristics），那么选项最好 再说到几 个行业 也工厂 化，C 项符合 （factory status），故为答案。 Text 5
红 新增题型全突破 Directions: In the following aricle, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps ong before Man lived on the earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these mammals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now. 1) Very occasionally: the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color; we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. The kind of rock in hich the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate 2) Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know nothing There were also crab-like creatures whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the dorset coast About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals, though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings [A The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known B Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate I C The first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea and in the air D] The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures. These animals evolved rapidly and spread over large areas of the worl E] The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forms are more complex, and among are the sea-lilies. relations of the 14/73
新增题型全突破 14/73 Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps Long before Man lived on the earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these mammals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now.1) _______________________________. Very occasionally: the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color; we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. The kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate. 2) _______________________________. Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know nothing. 3) _______________________________. There were also crab-like creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet 4) _______________________________. Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast. 5) _______________________________. About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals, though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings. [A] The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known. [B] Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate. [C] The first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air. [D] The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures. These animals evolved rapidly and spread over large areas of the world. [E] The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forms are more complex, and among these are the sea-lilies, relations of the
红 新增题型全突破 ar-fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks [F When an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserve [G Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, simply reduced to a more stable form 参考译文 或岩层上。同样还有蟹类生物,与残骸埋于角质的 早在人类出现之前,地球上就已经有了鱼类、物质之下。残骸的每个断片都有两对脚,一对用于 爬行动物、鸟类、昆虫,和一些哺乳动物。虽然这沙地行走,另一对用于游走。其头部呈盾牌状,带 些哺乳动物中有些是现代物种的祖先,但是另外的有一对复眼,其中常有成千上万的晶体。它们通常 一些现在已经灭绝,也就是说,它们现今已没有后|一到两英寸长,但有些长达两英尺 代存活。然而,我们对它们大多数都了解颇深,原 水生有壳动物在岩层中有着悠久的历史并且 因是他们的骨骼和甲壳留存在岩层中成为化石。我很多不同的种类都已众所周知。这些动物当中,菊 们由此可判断出他们的大小、外形、行走方式、饮石非常有趣而且尤为重要。它们有一个由许多孔穴 食特点。 组成的壳,每一个孔穴相当于它临时的一个家。随 真是非常偶然,岩层能够显现肌肤的纹理 着年幼者长大它会生长出一个新的孔穴并将先前 因此,除了肤色外,我们可以相当准确地构想出 的那一个封掉。在多塞特海岸的岩层中可以看到成 种已消亡几百万年的动物。这种有动物残骸的岩层千上万这样的菊石 可以体现很多原始大陆的特性,通常是其上生长的 第一种有脊椎生物是鱼类,最早在三亿七千 植被,甚至有关气候的状况 五百年前的岩层中为人所知。大约三亿年前两栖动 当动物死亡时,其尸体,骨骼或甲壳通常会物出现,它们既可以在陆地上又可以在海水中生 被溪流冲走带进湖泊或者海洋,之后被淤泥覆盖 活。它们体态庞大,有时长达八英寸,并且大多都 如果在海洋中生活,其尸体很可能会下沉并被淤泥生活在形成我们的煤层的沼泽滩中。两栖动物进化 掩埋。越来越多的淤泥将其覆盖,直至骨头或甲壳成爬行动物,而且它们将近一亿五千年以来一直都 深嵌其中得以保存。我们了解的所有化石几乎都保是最重要的生命形式,无论是在陆地上,海洋里还 存于由水流作用而形成的岩层中,而其中大部分化是天空中。 石是由水生动物或亲水动物形成的。由此可见尚未 大约七千五百万年前爬行生物纪元结束,其 知晓的哺乳动物,鸟类,昆虫不计其数 中大部分物种已经灭绝。哺乳动物的进化迅速,我 已发掘到残骸的最早期动物都是构造单一的们可以追溯许多熟悉的动物如大象和马的进化过 水生物。往后的则结构更为复杂,其中就有海百合,程。许多后期的哺乳动物,现今虽已灭绝,但为原 属海星的近亲,带有长触角,并被长茎吸附到海底始人类所熟悉并且将其用壁画和骨雕勾勒出来 Text 6 Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are nvo extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps One of the most important steps toward increasing the productivity of the poor is to make sure that they have access to educational opportunities that are at least as good as those available to the rest of the society. In fact we may very well want more educational attention directed
新增题型全突破 15/73 star-fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks. [F] When an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the .sea and there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserve [G] Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, simply reduced to a more stable form. 参考译文 早在人类出现之前，地球上就已经有了鱼类、 爬行动物、鸟类、昆虫，和一些哺乳动物。虽然这 些哺乳动物中有些是现代物种的祖先，但是另外的 一些现在已经灭绝，也就是说，它们现今已没有后 代存活。然而，我们对它们大多数都了解颇深，原 因是他们的骨骼和甲壳留存在岩层中成为化石。我 们由此可判断出他们的大小、外形、行走方式、饮 食特点。 真是非常偶然，岩层能够显现肌肤的纹理， 因此，除了肤色外，我们可以相当准确地构想出一 种已消亡几百万年的动物。这种有动物残骸的岩层 可以体现很多原始大陆的特性，通常是其上生长的 植被，甚至有关气候的状况。 当动物死亡时，其尸体，骨骼或甲壳通常会 被溪流冲走带进湖泊或者海洋，之后被淤泥覆盖。 如果在海洋中生活，其尸体很可能会下沉并被淤泥 掩埋。越来越多的淤泥将其覆盖，直至骨头或甲壳 深嵌其中得以保存。我们了解的所有化石几乎都保 存于由水流作用而形成的岩层中，而其中大部分化 石是由水生动物或亲水动物形成的。由此可见尚未 知晓的哺乳动物，鸟类，昆虫不计其数。 已发掘到残骸的最早期动物都是构造单一的 水生物。往后的则结构更为复杂，其中就有海百合， 属海星的近亲，带有长触角，并被长茎吸附到海底 或岩层上。同样还有蟹类生物，与残骸埋于角质的 物质之下。残骸的每个断片都有两对脚，一对用于 沙地行走，另一对用于游走。其头部呈盾牌状，带 有一对复眼，其中常有成千上万的晶体。它们通常 一到两英寸长，但有些长达两英尺。 水生有壳动物在岩层中有着悠久的历史并且 很多不同的种类都已众所周知。这些动物当中，菊 石非常有趣而且尤为重要。它们有一个由许多孔穴 组成的壳，每一个孔穴相当于它临时的一个家。随 着年幼者长大它会生长出一个新的孔穴并将先前 的那一个封掉。在多塞特海岸的岩层中可以看到成 千上万这样的菊石。 第一种有脊椎生物是鱼类，最早在三亿七千 五百年前的岩层中为人所知。大约三亿年前两栖动 物出现，它们既可以在陆地上又可以在海水中生 活。它们体态庞大，有时长达八英寸，并且大多都 生活在形成我们的煤层的沼泽滩中。两栖动物进化 成爬行动物，而且它们将近一亿五千年以来一直都 是最重要的生命形式，无论是在陆地上，海洋里还 是天空中。 大约七千五百万年前爬行生物纪元结束，其 中大部分物种已经灭绝。哺乳动物的进化迅速，我 们可以追溯许多熟悉的动物如大象和马的进化过 程。许多后期的哺乳动物，现今虽已灭绝，但为原 始人类所熟悉并且将其用壁画和骨雕勾勒出来。 Text 6 Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. One of the most important steps toward increasing the productivity of the poor is to make sure that they have access to educational opportunities that are at least as good as those available to the rest of the society. In fact we may very well want more educational attention directed