Unit 9 I'd Rather Be Black Than Female Shirley Chisholm I.Teaching Aims: 1.To get the students know the style of an exposition. 2.To have the students understand the satirical words and sentences used in the essay. 3.To get students grasp the key words and sentences structures. II.Teaching Importance and Difficulties: 1.Understand the author's main purpose of writing the essay. 2.Know the writing strategies of the text. 3.Grasp the key language points in the text III.Teaching periods:6 periods IV.Teaching steps: 1.Warm-up Questions: Questions: 1.In disasters like the sinking of the Titanic,who should be saved first?Some people say that,in emergencies,women and children should be saved first,do you agree? 2.Many female students are doing excellent jobs in colleges and universities.However,despite their excellence,they face a harsher job market than male students after graduation.Why do you think the job market favors male students?Is this because of sexual prejudice? 3.Which problem is more serious and obvious in the UN?Sexual discrimination or racial discrimination?Why?Giving some examples for each. 4.Do you think the sexual discrimination could be finally eliminated? 5.How to avoid being sexual prejudiced? Examples: (1)Semantic collocation In English,a word may have different connotations when it is used to describe different sexes.For example: ①imposing a.He is imposing b.She is imposing. Sentence a means "He is impressive and admirable."While sentence b could be interpreted to mean that"She is disgusting and apathetic."When the sex changes,so does the meaning. ②loose Loose seems a neutral word for both male and female.But"a loose woman"reminds people of"a woman considered to be sexually promiscuous'”whereas“a loose man”just means“a casual man”.[12] ③tramp It is defined as"a person with no home or job,who wanders from place to place"or "a woman considered to be sexually immoral (esp.in American English)."In the example,He/She is a tramp. For the male,tramp refers to a vagrant whereas for the female it can mean that she is promiscuous. From the above,we can see that the same word shifts from being positive to being negative once it has moved from referring to a male to a female.[13] Avoid Prefer businessman businessperson,businesspeople
Unit 9 I’d Rather Be Black Than Female Shirley Chisholm I. Teaching Aims: 1. To get the students know the style of an exposition. 2. To have the students understand the satirical words and sentences used in the essay. 3. To get students grasp the key words and sentences structures. II. Teaching Importance and Difficulties: 1. Understand the author’s main purpose of writing the essay. 2. Know the writing strategies of the text. 3. Grasp the key language points in the text. III. Teaching periods: 6 periods IV. Teaching steps: 1. Warm-up Questions: Questions: 1. In disasters like the sinking of the Titanic, who should be saved first? Some people say that, in emergencies, women and children should be saved first, do you agree? 2. Many female students are doing excellent jobs in colleges and universities. However, despite their excellence, they face a harsher job market than male students after graduation. Why do you think the job market favors male students? Is this because of sexual prejudice? 3. Which problem is more serious and obvious in the UN? Sexual discrimination or racial discrimination? Why? Giving some examples for each. 4. Do you think the sexual discrimination could be finally eliminated? 5. How to avoid being sexual prejudiced? Examples: (1) Semantic collocation In English, a word may have different connotations when it is used to describe different sexes. For example: ① imposing a. He is imposing. b. She is imposing. Sentence a means “He is impressive and admirable.” While sentence b could be interpreted to mean that “She is disgusting and apathetic.” When the sex changes, so does the meaning. ② loose Loose seems a neutral word for both male and female. But “a loose woman” reminds people of “a woman considered to be sexually promiscuous” whereas “a loose man” just means “a casual man”.[12] ③ tramp It is defined as “a person with no home or job, who wanders from place to place” or “a woman considered to be sexually immoral (esp. in American English).” In the example, He/She is a tramp. For the male, tramp refers to a vagrant whereas for the female it can mean that she is promiscuous. From the above, we can see that the same word shifts from being positive to being negative once it has moved from referring to a male to a female.[13] Avoid Prefer businessman businessperson, businesspeople
chairman chairperson,chair,president,head foreman supervisor,superintendent manmade artificial,synthetic congressman representative,legislator councilman council member policeman police officer,law enforcement officer 1.尽量不用通性代词e,除了明确地指代一个男性人物时，都要设法避免使用之。可以根 据语境需要，选用下列替换方式： 1)采用复数形式 Sexist:When bathing a baby,never leave him unattended. Revised:When bathing babies,never leave them unattended. 2)用we/us/our改写原句 Sexist:From each according to his abilities,to each according to his needs. Revised:From each of us according to our abilities,to each of us according to our needs. 3)改用第二人称、 Sexist:No man knows his true character until he has run out of gas,purchased something on the installment plan and raised an adolescent. Revised:You don't know what your true character is until you have run out of gas,purchased something on the installment plan and raised an adolescent. 4)改用被动语态 Sexist:One who,when he has the choice of two evils,chooses both. Revised:One who,when given the choice of two evils,chooses both. 5)完全省略代词 Sexist:What a person thinks of after he becomes a departee? Revised:What a person thinks of after becoming a departee? 6)用冠词替代 Sexist:Can a critic give his opinion of an omelet without being asked to make one? Revised:Can a critic give an opinion of.? 7)用someone,one,the one,no one等替代 Sexist:He who can take advice is sometimes superior to him who can give it. Revised:Someone who can take advice is sometimes superior to the one who can give it. 2.Information related to the text: 1)The author:Shirley Anita St.Hill Chisholm (November 30,1924-January 1,2005)was an American politician,educator and author,a woman who fought for change in the 20th century. She was a Congresswoman,representing New York's 12th District for seven terms from 1968 to 1983.In 1968,she became the first African American woman elected to Congress.On January 23, 1972,she became the first major party African American candidate for President of the United States.She won 162 delegates.Other women who ran for President of the United States in 1972 include Linda Jenness and Evelyn Reed."America is a wonderful land.It's no question about it. That is why every group from across the waters tries to come to America.I am hopeful.Oh God am I hopeful that before I die that I will see that America will move toward a period of real enlightenment (not rhetorical enlightenment,real enlightenment)and that when we are finally faced with the choice of exclusion or inclusion we will choose inclusion because that's what America is suppose to be all about
chairman chairperson, chair, president, head foreman supervisor, superintendent manmade artificial, synthetic congressman representative, legislator councilman council member policeman police officer, law enforcement officer 1．尽量不用通性代词 he，除了明确地指代一个男性人物时，都要设法避免使用之。可以根 据语境需要，选用下列替换方式： 1）采用复数形式 Sexist: When bathing a baby, never leave him unattended. Revised: When bathing babies, never leave them unattended. 2）用 we／us／our 改写原句 Sexist: From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs. Revised: From each of us according to our abilities, to each of us according to our needs. 3）改用第二人称、 Sexist: No man knows his true character until he has run out of gas, purchased something on the installment plan and raised an adolescent. Revised: You don't know what your true character is until you have run out of gas, purchased something on the installment plan and raised an adolescent. 4）改用被动语态 Sexist: One who, when he has the choice of two evils, chooses both. Revised: One who, when given the choice of two evils, chooses both. 5）完全省略代词 Sexist: What a person thinks of after he becomes a departee? Revised: What a person thinks of after becoming a departee? 6）用冠词替代 Sexist: Can a critic give his opinion of an omelet without being asked to make one? Revised: Can a critic give an opinion of.? 7）用 someone，one，the one，no one 等替代 Sexist: He who can take advice is sometimes superior to him who can give it. Revised: Someone who can take advice is sometimes superior to the one who can give it. 2. Information related to the text: 1) The author: Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm (November 30, 1924 – January 1, 2005) was an American politician, educator and author; a woman who fought for change in the 20th century. She was a Congresswoman, representing New York's 12th District for seven terms from 1968 to 1983. In 1968, she became the first African American woman elected to Congress. On January 23, 1972, she became the first major party African American candidate for President of the United States. She won 162 delegates. Other women who ran for President of the United States in 1972 include Linda Jenness and Evelyn Reed. “America is a wonderful land. It’s no question about it. That is why every group from across the waters tries to come to America. I am hopeful. Oh God am I hopeful that before I die that I will see that America will move toward a period of real enlightenment (not rhetorical enlightenment, real enlightenment) and that when we are finally faced with the choice of exclusion or inclusion we will choose inclusion because that’s what America is suppose to be all about
2)The text:In 'I'd rather be black than female"(1970),the author identifies and analyses the sexual discrimination in 1970s'American politics and,after investigation her own bitter experiences before and after she became the country's first black congresswoman,draws the surprising conclusion that the prejudice based on sex is even more serious than racial prejudice.It is surprising because American society as a whole now acknowledges the racial inequality but both men and women are simply blind to the unfair treatment of women in the game of politics. She expresses her conviction that women have their own special contribution to make to the country and that their more active participation in politics would improve the country. 3.Detailed Study of the Text: Analysis Part I(Para.1-3): This paragraph introduces the topic and theme of the passage.What is that? That is the widespread and yet seemingly unnoticed sexual discrimination against women,which is even more serious than racial discrimination against blacks.being black is much less ofa drawback than being female." Language points Being the first black woman elected to Congress has made me some kind of phenomenon. Because I am the first black woman to be elected to Congress,people think I am something extraordinary US Congress:the House of Representatives the Senate; congressman/congresswoman/senator phenomenon:n.someone or something extremely successful,ofien because of special qualities or abilities. e.g.The huge success of her books makes her a remarkable phenomenon. phenomenal:a.remarkable e.g.:(1)a phenomenal achievement: (2)a pianist of phenomenal talents, (3)Her rise to fame was quite phenomenal-in less than two years she was a household name I was the first to overcome both handicaps at once. both handicaps:being both black and female. Handicap here means disadvantage. handicap:n. (1)physical or mental disability e.g.people with handicaps (2)disadvantage;difficulty;impediment e.g.Poor eyesight is a handicap to students. major/serious handicap suffer from/overcome/cope with handicap Of the two handicaps,being black is much less of a drawback than being female. Being a woman is a greater disadvantage than being a black. Paragraphs 2-4 In these three paragraphs the author first mentions the "invisible"and deep-rooted prejudice against blacks in America,and then,in the fourth paragraph,she points out that it will be harder to eliminate the prejudice against women,because they have accepted their inferior status themselves. Question:why is being black a greater handicap than being a woman? It is because most white Americans,even the liberals,whould not admit that they are prejudiced against blacks.The author predicts that it will take years for people to realize it.Then, in paragraph 4,she indicates that it takes an even longer time for them to eliminate prejudice against women because women themselves are more accustomed to their role as second-class citizens than blacks ever were Language points probably no one would question me
2) The text: In “I’d rather be black than female” (1970), the author identifies and analyses the sexual discrimination in 1970s’ American politics and, after investigation her own bitter experiences before and after she became the country’s first black congresswoman, draws the surprising conclusion that the prejudice based on sex is even more serious than racial prejudice. It is surprising because American society as a whole now acknowledges the racial inequality but both men and women are simply blind to the unfair treatment of women in the game of politics. She expresses her conviction that women have their own special contribution to make to the country and that their more active participation in politics would improve the country. 3. Detailed Study of the Text: Analysis Part I (Para. 1-3): This paragraph introduces the topic and theme of the passage. What is that? That is the widespread and yet seemingly unnoticed sexual discrimination against women, which is even more serious than racial discrimination against blacks. “. being black is much less of a drawback than being female.” Language points Being the first black woman elected to Congress has made me some kind of phenomenon. Because I am the first black woman to be elected to Congress, people think I am something extraordinary US Congress: the House of Representatives & the Senate; congressman/ congresswoman/ senator phenomenon: n. someone or something extremely successful, often because of special qualities or abilities. e.g. The huge success of her books makes her a remarkable phenomenon. phenomenal: a. remarkable e.g.: (1)a phenomenal achievement; (2) a pianist of phenomenal talents; (3) Her rise to fame was quite phenomenal-in less than two years she was a household name. I was the first to overcome both handicaps at once. both handicaps: being both black and female. Handicap here means disadvantage. handicap: n. (1) physical or mental disability e.g. people with handicaps (2) disadvantage; difficulty; impediment e.g. Poor eyesight is a handicap to students. major/ serious handicap suffer from/ overcome/ cope with handicap Of the two handicaps, being black is much less of a drawback than being female. Being a woman is a greater disadvantage than being a black. Paragraphs 2-4 In these three paragraphs the author first mentions the “invisible” and deep-rooted prejudice against blacks in America, and then, in the fourth paragraph, she points out that it will be harder to eliminate the prejudice against women, because they have accepted their inferior status themselves. Question: why is being black a greater handicap than being a woman? It is because most white Americans, even the liberals, whould not admit that they are prejudiced against blacks. The author predicts that it will take years for people to realize it. Then, in paragraph 4, she indicates that it takes an even longer time for them to eliminate prejudice against women because women themselves are more accustomed to their role as second-class citizens than blacks ever were. Language points probably no one would question me
question:v.express doubt about the truth of what the author has said e.g.Many women are questioning their traditional role in society. That there is prejudice against women is an idea that still strikes nearly all men-and,I am afraid, most women-as bizarre. Almost all men and most women are not aware of their own and other people's sexual prejudice against women.When someone asserts there is such prejudice in America,they will find it hard to believe. strike.v.impress;give the impression of being. e.g.(1)How does the play strike you? (2)Does it strike you as very odd that he never talks about his family? (3)Jenny strikes me as a silly girl. bizarre:a.odd;strange Prejudice against blacks was invisible to most white Americans for many years. invisible:a.unseen e.g.The Stealth Fighter is an aircraft designed to be invisible to radar. For a long time,most white Americans did not realize that they were prejudiced against blacks. .Americans were incredulous. incredulous.a.unwilling to believe sth.;disbelieving;doubtful. e.g.People are incredulous about ghosts. incredulity:n.e.g.He stared down the street in incredulity.antonym:credulous We're prejudiced?prejudiced:a.biased e.g.be prejudiced against minorities;prejudiced views prejudice:n.strong/deep-rooted prejudice have/hold/air/express prejudice It will take years for white-including those who think of themselves as liberals-to discover and eliminate the racist attitudes they all actually have. It will be many years before whites-including those who consider themselves open-minded-become conscious of their own racial prejudice against blacks,and then give it up. liberal:n.tolerant,open-minded people,respecting and allowing many different types of beliefs or behaviors. eliminate:v.remove;eradicate racist attitudes.racial prejudice against black women in America are much more brainwashed and content with their roles as second-class citizens than blacks ever were. Women in America have been made to believe only what American culture wants them to believe about their inferior roles in society.As a result they now feel quite comfortable with their inferior social status.In comparison,blacks had never been so brainwashed and content with their inferior status. brainwash:v.re-educate;influence;force someone to believe something. e.g.The government is trying to brainwash people into thinking that the current policy is effective. content:a.satisfied;pleased. Para.5-6: These two paragraphs start to explain the author's point expressed in the preceding part by describing what inferior work she herself has done and millions of women are expected to do in "the American political world"which is dominated by men
question: v. express doubt about the truth of what the author has said e.g. Many women are questioning their traditional role in society. That there is prejudice against women is an idea that still strikes nearly all men-and, I am afraid, most women-as bizarre. Almost all men and most women are not aware of their own and other people’s sexual prejudice against women. When someone asserts there is such prejudice in America, they will find it hard to believe. strike: v. impress; give the impression of being. e.g. (1) How does the play strike you? (2) Does it strike you as very odd that he never talks about his family? (3) Jenny strikes me as a silly girl. bizarre: a. odd; strange Prejudice against blacks was invisible to most white Americans for many years. invisible: a. unseen e.g. The Stealth Fighter is an aircraft designed to be invisible to radar. For a long time, most white Americans did not realize that they were prejudiced against blacks. .Americans were incredulous. incredulous: a. unwilling to believe sth.; disbelieving; doubtful. e.g. People are incredulous about ghosts. incredulity: n.e.g. He stared down the street in incredulity. antonym: credulous We’re prejudiced? prejudiced: a. biased e.g. be prejudiced against minorities; prejudiced views prejudice: n. strong/ deep-rooted prejudice have/ hold/ air/ express prejudice It will take years for white-including those who think of themselves as liberals - to discover and eliminate the racist attitudes they all actually have. It will be many years before whites-including those who consider themselves open-minded-become conscious of their own racial prejudice against blacks, and then give it up. liberal: n. tolerant, open-minded people, respecting and allowing many different types of beliefs or behaviors. eliminate: v. remove; eradicate racist attitudes: racial prejudice against black women in America are much more brainwashed and content with their roles as second-class citizens than blacks ever were. Women in America have been made to believe only what American culture wants them to believe about their inferior roles in society. As a result they now feel quite comfortable with their inferior social status. In comparison, blacks had never been so brainwashed and content with their inferior status. brainwash: v. re-educate; influence; force someone to believe something. e.g. The government is trying to brainwash people into thinking that the current policy is effective. content: a. satisfied; pleased. Para.5-6: These two paragraphs start to explain the author’s point expressed in the preceding part by describing what inferior work she herself has done and millions of women are expected to do in “ the American political world” which is dominated by men
Question:what,according to the author,is the role that women are supposed to paly in American politics? Usually women are faithfully engaged in tedious details such as envelope stuffing and card-party organizing.Although their contribution makes the difference on election day,it is men who reap the reward(get the honor and important positions).In contrast,women can at most get decorative and subordinate posts to echo what their male partners say. Language points I have done the work-all the tedious details that make the difference between victory and defeat on election day-while men reaped the rewards. Though my part in the campaign seemed to involve only some seemingly insignificant and boring odd jobs.it is these little jobs I've done that have made us win the election.That is to say. my work was critically important.But in the end,all the credit went to men. tedious:a.boring;monotonous;dull. make the difference:have a significant effect on e.g.Exercise makes a big difference to your health. reap the rewards.to get the benefit that is the result of your own activities;to get the honor and important positions. e.g.(1)In retirement he reaped the rewards of his earlier investment. (2)It may be some time before the company reaps the benefits of its current investments. invariably:ad.always;at all times;on every occasion. lot:n.fate;destiny:fortune.e.g.to improve the lot of the poor. The best any of them can hope for is the honor of being district or county vice-chairman,a kind of separate-but-equal position with which a woman is rewarded for years of faithful enveloped stuffing and card-party organizing. After years of stuffing envelopes and organizing card-parties,a woman might be assigned to a position no higher than district or county vice-chairman.Women seen to enjoy equality with men. but,in fact.that is no better than the old racist practice o f segregating white and black passengers in the South.Rewarding the luckiest of women with a position like district vice-chairman is as sexist as the so-called separate-but-equal policy was racist.Prejudice lies behind both practices hope for:expect to get.e.g.I'm hoping for an interview next. reward:v.e.g.he rewarded their kindness with hostility and contempt. Para.7-9: In these three paragraphs the author describes the bitter reaction of the American political world when a woman attempts to break its rules by relating her own two election experiences,i.e. how that invisible prejudice becomes undisguised hostility when a woman deviates from them. Question:why did the author's opponent try to project a black,masculine image? Because he was aware that such a profile would gain people's sympathy for blacks and voters' favor in a male-dominant society. Language points When I tried to break out of that role in 1963 and run for the New York State Assembly seat. break out of:manage to change;get away from run:v.stand as a candidate in an election. e.g.run for Governor/President/the Presidency
Question: what, according to the author, is the role that women are supposed to paly in American politics? Usually women are faithfully engaged in tedious details such as envelope stuffing and card-party organizing. Although their contribution makes the difference on election day, it is men who reap the reward (get the honor and important positions). In contrast, women can at most get decorative and subordinate posts to echo what their male partners say. Language points I have done the work-all the tedious details that make the difference between victory and defeat on election day-while men reaped the rewards. Though my part in the campaign seemed to involve only some seemingly insignificant and boring odd jobs, it is these little jobs I’ve done that have made us win the election. That is to say, my work was critically important. But in the end, all the credit went to men. tedious: a. boring; monotonous; dull. make the difference: have a significant effect on e.g. Exercise makes a big difference to your health. reap the rewards: to get the benefit that is the result of your own activities; to get the honor and important positions. e.g. : (1) In retirement he reaped the rewards of his earlier investment. (2) It may be some time before the company reaps the benefits of its current investments. invariably: ad. always; at all times; on every occasion. lot: n. fate; destiny; fortune. e.g. to improve the lot of the poor. The best any of them can hope for is the honor of being district or county vice-chairman, a kind of separate-but-equal position with which a woman is rewarded for years of faithful enveloped stuffing and card-party organizing. After years of stuffing envelopes and organizing card-parties, a woman might be assigned to a position no higher than district or county vice-chairman. Women seen to enjoy equality with men, but, in fact, that is no better than the old racist practice o f segregating white and black passengers in the South. Rewarding the luckiest of women with a position like district vice-chairman is as sexist as the so-called separate-but-equal policy was racist. Prejudice lies behind both practices hope for: expect to get. e.g. I’m hoping for an interview next. reward: v.e.g. he rewarded their kindness with hostility and contempt. Para.7-9: In these three paragraphs the author describes the bitter reaction of the American political world when a woman attempts to break its rules by relating her own two election experiences, i.e. how that invisible prejudice becomes undisguised hostility when a woman deviates from them. Question: why did the author’s opponent try to project a black, masculine image? Because he was aware that such a profile would gain people’s sympathy for blacks and voters’ favor in a male-dominant society. Language points When I tried to break out of that role in 1963 and run for the New York State Assembly seat. break out of : manage to change; get away from run: v. stand as a candidate in an election. e.g. run for Governor/ President/ the Presidency