Unit Two Psychology in Our Daily life Teaching aims: In this unit students are required to 1)get to know some useful information concerning the topic of the reading passages in this unit and to know more about english culture 2)do some preparation activities such as discussion, group work, etc. to practice their spoken skill and communicative skills 3)grasp some new words and try to use these words which help them to enrich their 4 )read the in-class read ing passage in a limited time and grasp some expressions and grammatical points in the in-class reading passage to improve their reading comprehension, 5)do some post-read ing exercises and some after-class read ing to practice what they have got to know in class to improve their English comprehensive skills ; 6)translate some typical sentences into Chinese or English by using some expressions learned in the read ing passages to acquire some translating skills and better their translating abilities L. USeful information 1. Psychology is a young and growing science that touches on a broad range of human activities. In general, however one can say that psychology tries to explain why people cat, think, and feel the way they do 2. Psychologists are interested not only in how individual minds work but also in the various interactions of minds in society. It should be noted that psychology provides methods of analyzing and understanding human behav ior and emotion that are not based on moral codes 3. The whole field of psychoanalysis originated with the research of the Austrian doctor, Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). According to his theories, people are driven by irrational(not being able to reason; illogical) forces or primitive instincts. Freud believed that the inner struggle between instincts and conscience often led to disaster which was manifested(show clearly) in the form of personal tragedies such as murder and suicide or collective tragedies such as war. He advocates(support) the use of psychoanalysis to help people control irrational forces. Much of Freud's work was based on his interpretation of dreams and sexual instincts 4. The whole field of psychology has evolved(develop) and expanded considerably since the early part of the twentieth century. There are now many branches of psychology and it is no longer limited to clinical(cold without feelings )work and the analysis of dreams 5. Men and women with training in psychology now work in many different careers ranging from therapists to advertising agents. The findings of psychological research are used help the victims of family violence, to design aptitude tests(性向测验),to carry out efficiency studies in the workplace, to develop educational strategies, to
Unit Two Psychology in Our Daily Life Teaching Aims: In this unit students are required to : 1) get to know some useful information concerning the topic of the reading passages in this unit and to know more about English culture; 2) do some preparation activities such as discussion, group work, etc. to practice their spoken skill and communicative skills; 3) grasp some new words and try to use these words which help them to enrich their vocabulary; 4)read the in-class reading passage in a limited time and grasp some expressions and grammatical points in the in-class reading passage to improve their reading comprehension; 5) do some post-reading exercises and some after-class reading to practice what they have got to know in class to improve their English comprehensive skills.; 6) translate some typical sentences into Chinese or English by using some expressions learned in the reading passages to acquire some translating skills and better their translating abilities. I. Useful information 1. Psychology is a young and growing science that touches on a broad range of human activities. In general, however one can say that psychology tries to explain why people cat, think, and feel the way they do. 2. Psychologists are interested not only in how individual minds work but also in the various interactions of minds in society. It should be noted that psychology provides methods of analyzing and understanding human behavior and emotion that are not based on moral codes. 3．The whole field of psychoanalysis originated with the research of the Austrian doctor, Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). According to his theories, people are driven by irrational (not being able to reason; illogical) forces or primitive instincts. Freud believed that the inner struggle between instincts and conscience often led to disaster which was manifested (show clearly) in the form of personal tragedies such as murder and suicide or collective tragedies such as war. He advocates (support) the use of psychoanalysis to help people control irrational forces. Much of Freud’s work was based on his interpretation of dreams and sexual instincts. 4．The whole field of psychology has evolved (develop) and expanded considerably since the early part of the twentieth century. There are now many branches of psychology and it is no longer limited to clinical (cold; without feelings) work and the analysis of dreams. 5．Men and women with training in psychology now work in many different careers ranging from therapists to advertising agents. The findings of psychological research are used help the victims of family violence, to design aptitude tests（性向测验），to carry out efficiency studies in the workplace, to develop educational strategies, to
conduct political campaigns, and to pred ict consumer spend ing. In fact, there id hardly any aspect of modern society that has not been influenced in some way by research in the field of psychology I. Preparation 1. Describing the pictures on page 32. Picture 1: The patient looks sad. He is coming out of the hospital, carry ing a test report in his hand. Judging from the black cloud hanging over the hospital, the drooping flowers and trees, and the report with the word""on it, we can assume that he has had a series of tests Picture 2: The man is lying in bed. The doctor has obviously prescribed all kinds of medicine because there bottles of pills on the table beside the bed. There is also a piece of paper with the word"will"written on it. The man is also depressed that he has written his will because he thinks he is going to die Picture3: The man appears extremely happy. The sun is shining over the hosp ital. The flowers and trees are upright. The doctor has told the man that he does not have cancer after all. (The report he is carrying has an X through the word"cancer". )On seeing this result, he cant believe his eyes Picture 4: The sun is shining, the trees are full of fruit and the hospital has disappeared. The man is happy. He appears to be singing or whistling. He takes a racket and heads off to play tennis. He is healthy and energetic again 2. Getting to know your classmates Possible reasons for the beliefs and feelings t Those who love shopping may have a lot of money to spend and take delight in doing shopping Sometimes they have a sense of accomplishment after shopping done. In other cases, when people are in low spirits, they tend to do a lot of pping Y Some people don' t eat beef because of their religion. For example, Hindus do not eat beef. others do not eat beef because of their family habits Y Bus service in some places is very poor. Buses are usually crowed and dirty. That is why people don t like to ride on a bus and when they are on a bus, they will get sick. The result will probably be that they hate rid ing on a bus even more Y Those who love to talk to themselves are often timid and reserved (shy ) They express their own feeling by doing so. Some people do so because they are not sure of themselves. They can practice talking to others in imag ination, i.e. by imagining that they are facing other people and talking with them t Some people are terrified of snakes because some snakes are very poisonous Other people hate them because they are ugly and disgusting People sometimes associate violence and ghosts with darkness. In the darkness people usually feel lonely and helpless Y Some people think they are too fat when compared with those slim people around them. In most parts of the world, people are worried when they gain weight and ry every means to keep thin. Everyone hopes to be good-look ing or beautiful and follow the trend
conduct political campaigns, and to predict consumer spending. In fact, there id hardly any aspect of modern society that has not been influenced in some way by research in the field of psychology. II. Preparation 1．Describing the pictures on page 32. Picture 1: The patient looks sad. He is coming out of the hospital, carrying a test report in his hand. Judging from the black cloud hanging over the hospital, the drooping flowers and trees, and the report with the word “Cancer” on it, we can assume that he has had a series of tests. Picture 2: The man is lying in bed. The doctor has obviously prescribed all kinds of medicine because there bottles of pills on the table beside the bed. There is also a piece of paper with the word “will” written on it. The man is also depressed that he has written his will because he thinks he is going to die. Picture3: The man appears extremely happy. The sun is shining over the hospital. The flowers and trees are upright. The doctor has told the man that he does not have cancer after all. (The report he is carrying has an “X” through the word “cancer”.) On seeing this result, he can’t believe his eyes. Picture 4: The sun is shining, the trees are full of fruit and the hospital has disappeared. The man is happy. He appears to be singing or whistling. He takes a racket and heads off to play tennis. He is healthy and energetic again. 2. Getting to know your classmates Possible reasons for the beliefs and feelings Those who love shopping may have a lot of money to spend and take delight in doing shopping .Sometimes they have a sense of accomplishment after shopping is done. In other cases, when people are in low spirits, they tend to do a lot of shopping. Some people don’t eat beef because of their religion. For example, Hindus do not eat beef. Others do not eat beef because of their family habits. Bus service in some places is very poor. Buses are usually crowed and dirty. That is why people don’t like to ride on a bus and when they are on a bus, they will get sick. The result will probably be that they hate riding on a bus even more. Those who love to talk to themselves are often timid and reserved(shy). They express their own feeling by doing so. Some people do so because they are not sure of themselves. They can practice talking to others in imagination, i.e. by imagining that they are facing other people and talking with them. Some people are terrified of snakes because some snakes are very poisonous. Other people hate them because they are ugly and disgusting. People sometimes associate violence and ghosts with darkness. In the darkness, people usually feel lonely and helpless. Some people think they are too fat when compared with those slim people around them. In most parts of the world, people are worried when they gain weight and try every means to keep thin. Everyone hopes to be good-looking or beautiful and follow the trend
Y Those who hold on to their money as long as possible are usually very thrift They are afraid that if they spend all their money, they will have nothing to rely on. With as much money as they can save, they can at have securIty t People who hate queuing are impatient. They think it is a waste of time to spend Y People believe in ghosts if they have heard many ghost stories. Some people who have dreamed of ghosts may believe in them Y These people believe that everyone has a certain fate. It is fate that determine everything in their life. They are anxious to find out what their future will be like So they go to a fortune teller in order to know their future in ad vance II. Pre-Reading activities Directions: Discuss the following questions in pairs If you have any health problems, do you always go to the doctor? If so, what do you expect from the doctor Possible answer If I have health problems, I will go to the doctor. I want the doctor to examine me,to diagnose the problem, to write a prescription or to tell me if there is anything I should do or avoid If it is necessary, the doctor will give me some tests. Above all, I always expect that the doctor will tell me that I will get better quickly. IV. In-Class Reading Activities l. The students are supposed to finish the in-class reading passage within 14 minutes 2. Language points I)to come away with sth: to leave a place with sth e.g. We came away with an uneasy feeling that all was not well with marriage To come away from sth: to become detached from sth(E The light switch came away from the wall 2).. all a sick person needs is some all that( that is omitted) what(the verb must be single) e.g. All I can say is that we are extremely sorry.(subject) All that he lacked was training.(subject) He thought over all that his parents had said(object) Do not all you can; spend not all you have; believe not all you hear; and tell not all Is that all you want to say?(predictive Thats all there is to be said.(predictive) 3). some assurance that.(appositive clause) (fact, opinion, notion, suggestion, proposal, thought, news, truth, report, idea rumor, hope, belief, doubt, proof.) e.g. I have no idea that you were her
Those who hold on to their money as long as possible are usually very thrifty. They are afraid that if they spend all their money, they will have nothing to rely on. With as much money as they can save, they can at least have a sense of security. People who hate queuing are impatient. They think it is a waste of time to spend their precious time queuing. People believe in ghosts if they have heard many ghost stories. Some people who have dreamed of ghosts may believe in them. These people believe that everyone has a certain fate. It is fate that determine everything in their life. They are anxious to find out what their future will be like. So they go to a fortune teller in order to know their future in advance. III. Pre-Reading Activities Directions: Discuss the following questions in pairs If you have any health problems , do you always go to the doctor? If so, what do you expect from the doctor? Possible answer: If I have health problems, I will go to the doctor. I want the doctor to examine me, to diagnose the problem, to write a prescription or to tell me if there is anything I should do or avoid. If it is necessary, the doctor will give me some tests. Above all, I always expect that the doctor will tell me that I will get better quickly. IV. In-Class Reading Activities 1. The students are supposed to finish the in-class reading passage within 14 minutes. 2. Language points 1) to come away with sth: to leave a place with sth e.g. We came away with an uneasy feeling that all was not well with marriage. To come away from sth: to become detached from sth（脱落） The light switch came away from the wall. 2）…all a sick person needs is some… all that ( that is omitted): what(the verb must be single) e.g. All I can say is that we are extremely sorry. (subject) All that he lacked was training. (subject) He thought over all that his parents had said (object) Do not all you can; spend not all you have; believe not all you hear; and tell not all you know. (obj.) Is that all you want to say? (predictive) That’s all there is to be said. (predictive) 3)…some assurance that… (appositive clause) (fact, opinion, notion, suggestion, proposal, thought, news, truth, report, idea, rumor, hope, belief, doubt, proof…) e.g. I have no idea that you were here
They marveled at the fact that China did it all on its own There can be no doubt that he is qualified for the job 4)even though/if: in spite of the fact that; no matter whether e.g. Even if I have to walk all the way I'll get there They'll stand by(support)you even if you don't succeed 5) to open up: to begin to develop开采,开发,开垦 e.g. They have already made plans to open up the mine/land 6) More wasted land will be opened up in a planned way to open up:open打开,开放 e.g. After we had opened up the package, we found that it had nothing in it of Important They opened the country up to trade to open up: to make sth available开拓(新领域)展示,揭示 e.g. His stories opened up new worlds of the imagination Einsteins theories opened up a whole new area for study to open up开刀,切开 eg. They opened up his stomach to get at the source of the trouble.他们给他的胃 开了刀,找出了病根 7) to fool sb into doing sth: trick/deceive sb into doing sth欺骗某人做某事 to fool sb into sth e.g. He has fooled a lot of people into believing he is a rich man He fooled himself into believing that he was contributing to the motherland to make a fool of oneself使自己出丑,出洋相 e.g. The boy made a fool of himself. to make a fool of sb欺騙,愚弄,捉弄 e.g. She is always trying to make a fool of her husband in public 类似结构的短语 suade sb into doing sth to cheat sb into doing sth to deceive sb into doing sth to frighten sb into doing sth to force sb into doing sth to trap sb into doing sth使…陷入圈套 to lure sb into doing sth诱惑..做 e.g. He persuaded her into buying the house Think carefully before you answer his questions. You may be trapped into giving away vital information The young man frightened the old man into signing the paper/ the will 8 t seems that似乎看来,仿佛感到(觉得) e.g. It seems that nobody knew what had happened It seems that sth It seems to me that someone is callin It seemed to him that he had never worked so hard in his life
They marveled at the fact that China did it all on its own. There can be no doubt that he is qualified for the job. 4) even though/if: in spite of the fact that; no matter whether e.g. Even if I have to walk all the way I’ll get there. They’ll stand by (support) you even if you don’t succeed. 5) to open up: to begin to develop 开采，开发，开垦 e.g. They have already made plans to open up the mine/land. 6) More wasted land will be opened up in a planned way. ➢ to open up: open 打开 ，开放 e.g. After we had opened up the package, we found that it had nothing in it of important. They opened the country up to trade. ➢ to open up: to make sth available 开拓（新领域）展示，揭示 e.g. His stories opened up new worlds of the imagination. Einstein’s theories opened up a whole new area for study. ➢ to open up 开刀，切开 e.g. They opened up his stomach to get at the source of the trouble.他们给他的胃 开了刀，找出了病根 7) to fool sb into doing sth: trick/deceive sb into doing sth 欺骗某人做某事 ➢ to fool sb into sth e.g. He has fooled a lot of people into believing he is a rich man. He fooled himself into believing that he was contributing to the motherland. ➢ to make a fool of oneself 使自己出丑， 出洋相 e.g. The boy made a fool of himself. ➢ to make a fool of sb 欺骗，愚弄，捉弄 e.g. She is always trying to make a fool of her husband in public. 类似结构的短语: to persuade sb into doing sth to cheat sb into doing sth to deceive sb into doing sth to frighten sb into doing sth to force sb into doing sth to trap sb into doing sth 使…陷入圈套 to lure sb into doing sth 诱惑…做… e.g. He persuaded her into buying the house. Think carefully before you answer his questions. You may be trapped into giving away vital information. The young man frightened the old man into signing the paper/ the will. 8)It seems that 似乎看来，仿佛感到（觉得） e.g. It seems that nobody knew what had happened. It seems that sth is wrong. It seems to me that someone is calling. It seemed to him that he had never worked so hard in his life
9)to rest with to rest with: to lie with由决定,得靠 e.g. It rests with to make the decision The final decision rests with the head master The success of our plan lies with you to rest with: to be the responsibility of是的责任;在的手中 e.g. The fate of these prisoners rests with the judge The trouble rests with you to rest on/upon: to depend on依靠寄托在 e.g. His fame rests on his plays more than on his novels Our hopes rest on you. The charge rests on the evidence of one witness l0) to have/put/ place trust in: to trust in, to have faith in信赖,相信,信任 e.g. I have absolute trust in the doctor.我绝对相信医生 put trust in you I dont place any trust in his promises l1) In a way; In one way, In some ways: to a certain degree在某种程度上,就某个 意义来说 e.g. The changes are an improvement in one way In a way, her health is much improved, but she is still not really well In a way you are right 12)“role” is often used in this phrase“ to play a role/part in e.g. Especially in Brazil, the Negroes have played a most important role in He had played a major role in the foundation of the United Nations 13) as a result结果(状语) e.g. As a result he had been given an excellent job as a result of由于..的结果(状语) e.g. Meanwhile other events had occurred as a result of this wa 14 he same.as和一样(同样) e.g. My stand on this just the same as before Meet me at the same place as you did yesterday 15)to have an effect on e.g. It had an almost immediate effect on his thinking This had a great effect upon the future of both mother and son The acid had no effect on the metal 16)reaction on to react on: respond to对,作出反应,对某人有疗效 e.g. How did he react to the news? How is your patient reacting to the course of treatment? to react positively/negatively to a suggestion(赞成/反对) to对反应
9) to rest with ➢ to rest with: to lie with 由…决定，得靠 e.g. It rests with to make the decision. The final decision rests with the headmaster. The success of our plan lies with you. ➢ to rest with: to be the responsibility of 是…的责任；在…的手中 e.g. The fate of these prisoners rests with the judge. The trouble rests with you. ➢ to rest on/upon: to depend on 依靠 寄托在 e.g. His fame rests on his plays more than on his novels. Our hopes rest on you. The charge rests on the evidence of one witness. 10) to have/put/place trust in: to trust in; to have faith in 信赖，相信，信任 e.g. I have absolute trust in the doctor. 我绝对相信医生。 I put trust in you. I don’t place any trust in his promises. 11) in a way; in one way ,in some ways: to a certain degree 在某种程度上，就某个 意义来说 e.g. The changes are an improvement in one way. In a way, her health is much improved, but she is still not really well. In a way you are right. 12）“role” is often used in this phrase “to play a role/part in” e.g. Especially in Brazil, the Negroes have played a most important role in the development of the nation. He had played a major role in the foundation of the United Nations. 13)as a result 结果（状语） e.g. As a result he had been given an excellent job. as a result of 由于…的结果（状语） e.g. Meanwhile other events had occurred as a result of this war. 14)the same…as 和…一样（同样） e.g. My stand on this just the same as before. Meet me at the same place as you did yesterday. 15)to have an effect on e.g. It had an almost immediate effect on his thinking. This had a great effect upon the future of both mother and son. The acid had no effect on the metal. 16) reaction on ➢ to react on: respond to 对…作出反应，对某人有疗效 e.g. How did he react to the news? How is your patient reacting to the course of treatment? ➢ to react positively/negatively to a suggestion（赞成/反对） reaction to: response to 对…反应