1.Kakne TeKcTbI ncnonb3yOTca B yye6HOM npouecce? Ha no pycckoMy 93blky pa3nMyHble TeKCTbl:yCTHble n nNcbMeHHble;yue6Hble (noAroToBneHHble aBTopaMn npouecce peanbHoro 93blKa)3.nocneAHne MoryT 6bITb ra3eTHbIMM, enoBblMN,HayuHblMn,xynoxeCTBeHHblMN nAp. B 3aBNCNMOCTM OT 3Tana,An peweHn KOHKpeTHbIx 3anay o6yueHna TeKCTbl pa3HbIX TWnoB M XKaHpoB. yye6Hble TeKCTbl,COCTaBneHHble c yueTOM N3BeCTHorO/Hen3BeCTHoro yuauMca HayanbHOM 3Tane ooyueHNA. no Mepe oBnaneHna yuaulMncs n3yuaeMbIM 93bIKOM Bce 6onee npnBnekaloTc ea3emHo-ny6nuyucmuyeckue:n 3HaKOMCTBa yuawnxca c 93bIKOM cpenCTB MaccoBon NHcopMaunn c Lenblo nonyueHna onepaTnBHoN NHopopMaunn pa3nMyHoro pona: ,CouManbHO-3KOHOMMeCKo,kynbTypHo MAp.: denoeble:o6yueHna yuawnxc cocTaBneHnio pa3nMyHoro pona AokyMeHTOB (3asBneHne,aHkeTa nAp.)nn6o -B 6onee wnpoKoM acnekre Ana cneunanMcToB o6yveHna 6n3Hec-93blky Ana BeAeHna AenoBbix neperoBopoB opopMneHna AenoBo nepenncKn Ha n3yuaeMOM 93blke; HaVyHble:nng 3HaKoMCTBa ovnvwnx cneunanCToB C 93bIKOM Havk: KaKoBbl 6bl HM 6binn 3anayn,BblABnraeMble npn pabote Han KoHKpeTHbIM ayteHTN4HbIM TeKCTOM HayuHbIM,ra3eTHbIM wnw xyAoxecTBeHHbIM,npexge Bcero AonKHa 6blTb peweHa 3anaya ero yaMMCa-MHO中oHOW npennaraeMas HaMn MeToAnka MoxeT ncnonb3oBaTbca npn pa6oTe Han no6bIM N3 3TMX TeKCTOB,OAHaKo B Hanbonee nonHOM 06beMe OHa MoxeT 6bITb peann3oBaHa npn NMeHHo ero. 2.4To ncnonb3yeTca Ha npakTnyecKnx 93bIKOBbIX 3aHATNAX:xynoxkecTBeHHoe npon3BeneHne nnn xynoxKeCTBeHHbIN TeKCT? CywecTByIOT ABa noHaTNa,Ha3blBalowne yacTMYHO cOBnanalowne,HO B yenoM pa3Hble npow3BeneHne BKnkuaeT B ce6 He TonbKo xyAoxecTBeHHbIM TeKCT,HO NCTopno ero co3aHna,Bce wMelownecs ero BapnaHTbl nap.no cnoBaM O.M.JoTMaHa,&TeKCT -OAMH
! " % # # 7 D & $ ( & ) * " (: , $ $ $ - $ % # E $ F * $ #* $ # - , * # 7 7 * " 0 ) ) # " 0 ) 7 "$ ) '- "$ " D ! * # & $ ( ' % ) ' ' 0 " D 7 * ) D " # $ ' $ $ % * ' 0 , # - $ ? $ *" ) $ ) * <*# $ #* #* $ ) ? 7 " 6 # " $ # $ #* , G8H $ . ' I
Mcnonb30BaHme xyAoxecTBeHHoro TeKcTa Ha npaKTuveckux 3aHATMax no pycckoMy 93bl. N3 KOMNOHeHTOB KOMnOHeHT. 6e3 KOTODOrO cvwecTBoBaHne xvaoxkectBeHHoro npon3BeneHna HeB03M0*H0》[lOTMaH,1972,C.24]. CTeneHn rny6nHbl npouTeHNA;MOXHO npoynTaTb xyAoxeCTBeHHoe npon3BeAeHne noBepxHOCTHO.;a MOXHo Bbldenumb cKpbimblu noomekcm u noHamb, Kakou BHympeHHuu CMbicn maumca 3a u3naeaeMblMu co6blmuaMu;HaKoHeu,MOXHO npouecTb xyAoxecTBeHHoe npon3BeneHne c ewe 6onee rny6oKMM aHann30M.aHann3npya MOTNBbI,no6yAMBwne aBTopa nncaTb AaHHoe npon3BeneHne>[,1998,C.315-316] (kypCNB Haw.-H.K.). Pa3nMyHas rnyonHa noHnMaHns o6ycnoBneHa TeM,yTo ero 06beKTOM B KaxoM KOHKpeTHOM cnyvae MoryT 6bITb pa3Hble aBneHN:CMbicn npon3BeAeHna nnTepaTypbl nw CMbicn ero TeKcTa.CMblcn xyAoxecTBeHHoro TeKcTa Kak 6bl BnNcblBaeTCA B ropa3Ao 6onee wnpoKn CMbIcn nwTepaTypHoro npon3BeneHna.BblneneHHbI HaMn parmeHT MMeHHO xyAoeCTBeHHoro TeKCTa. noHnMaHne CMbIcna xyaoxecTBeHHoro TeKcTa 3TO Heo6xoAnMa (a yacTo nocwnbHas (peanbHas)3anaua ang ynTaTena-NHooHa (npn coonioneHnn onpeneneHHblx npMHuNnoB OT6opa TeKCTOB N COoTBeTCTBylowen opraHn3aunn ayAnTopHon pa6oTbl). pyCCKoMy 93blky KaK WHOCTpaHHOMy ncnonb3yeTC NMeHHo xyAoxecTBeHHbIM TeKCT C XyAoxeCTBeHHbln TeKCT-3TO: MamepuanbHoe sonnoweHue npon3BeneHna xVnoxkecTBeHHon nMTepaTyDbl: ero eep6anu30eaHHoe (T.e.BblpaxkeHHoe cnoBaMn),3adnKcnpoBaHHoe B nMCbMeHHoM 中opMe codepxaHue; coBoKynHoe-OT nepBon 6yKBbl nepBoro cnoBa Ao nocneAHen Toukn (wnn Apyroro 3Haka nMTepaTypHoro npov3BeneHNA 3.Kakne xapakrepncTnkn TeKcTa oco6eHHO BaxKHbl ana ero ncnonb3oBaHnA B o6yyeHnn 93blKy? O6nacTb nnonornyeckon Haykn,n3yualowas TeKCT Kak nMHrBNCTwueckylo CywHOCTb, nMHrBNCTMKa TeKcTa-OTMeyaeT B HeM cnenylowle npM3HaK:CTDYKTYPHO-ceMaHTNueckoe eAMHCTBO,KOMMyHMKaTMBHyIo HanpaBneHHOCTb,CB93HOCTb MAp.Bce TeKCTOBble npN3Hakn BaKHbl N B TON WnM MHON CTeneHN xapakTepHbl nnA nHoooro TekcTa. OAHaKo OnHn 6onee akryanbHbl ans peweHna nccnenoBaTenbcknx 3anay,ang n3yueHna camoro,Apyrve-An TekcTa B npnknaAHblx yenax (Kak B HaweM
$ $ " * " $ * / JH $ 1KL!$ !@M =+H $ . D ND # $ D )$ * N $ % / JH $ 1KKO$ :1C':1IM & % ' %&( + $ ? 7 < % " " 0 ) $ $ , ' - & ( $ & ( ' 0 & # ) #*" ) " ( , $ * $ " ) # * 6 " ' -7 " D & ($ 0 " 0 # D ' " " & ($ *" ) " ) $ ' # + ! % % 5 0 " $ #* # *$ ' ' #* 7 ' $ 0 $ # $ " " # 5 % $ $ ' ) & % L
Mcnonb3oBaHMe xyAoxecTBeHHoro TeKcTa Ha 3aHATAx no pycckoMy 3bl cnyuae). 4.B yeM 3aknkoyaeTCA KOMMyHNKaTNBHa npnpona TekcTa? No6on TeKcT (a TeM 6onee 3acukcnpoBaHHbIn B nMcbMeHHoN dopMe)co3AaeTca aBTopOM Ana Toro,ero npounTann4 n noHanM:xovy 6bimb noHam ceoero cmpaHo.(B.B.MaKoBCKMM)ABTop CTpeMuTC nocpeACTBOM TeKcTa nepenaTb pyaomy (4MTaTenio,anpecaty xyAoxecTBeHHoro TBopueCTBa)CBoN Mblcnw,yyBCTBa,HaMepeHna Mnp.,CTapaeTca HaTn MM Han6onee anekBaTHoe BblpaxkeHne,T.e. pewaeT KOMMyHnKaTNBHyo 3anayy.BcnoMHMM cnoBa .M.THOTHeBa:Kak cepduy ebicka3amb ce6a?pyeoMy Kak noHamb me69? Ana noTeHuManbHoro uWTaTena MHopopMayNio.BMecTe c TeM,Ana Toro 4TO6bI yWTaTenb noHan HanncaHHoe,B TekcTe AonxKHa 6blTb n M3BeCTHas eMy MHdbopMauns,KOTopyIO OH Mcnonb3yeTA HOBoro.npexne Bcero,3To caM 93blK,Ha KOTopOM HanncaHo nMTepaTypHoe npol3BeneHNe.ABTop Wcnonb3yeT A3bIKOBble cpencTBa B COOTBeTCTBMM C MX oowenDNHATbIMM 3HayeHNAMN nMoo M3MeHgeT MX no cVwecTBVIOWMM B naHHOM 93bIKe noMNMO 3TOrO B TekcTe(c ToN WnN WHoN cTeneHblo nonHOTbl:OT kpatkoro ynoMNHaHnA o npoCTDaHHoro onMcaHna)oTpaxka oTcA 3neMeHTbl oowen ang aBTopa YMTatena OAHaKo,BbIcTpanBag TeKcT,aBTop,Kak npaBnno,BKnouaeT B Hero He Bce,YTO HeooxonMMo ang noHMMaHns TekcTa:OH onvcKaeT MHoroe w3 Toro (n npexkne Bcero w3 coepbl KynbTypbl),yTo nonaraeT M3BeCTHbIM yMTaTeno(B npoTMBHOM cnyvae TeKCTb 6bInn 6bl 6ecKoHeyHbIMM),OCTaBn pa3nMyHoro pona 3Hakn An 4MTaTena,KorAa n 4TO eMy Heo6 XOnMMO《》. TaKMM 06pa3oM,TeKcT 6e3 yMTaTena,BepHee,BHe yMTaTena HenonoH ywep6eH.PeanbHo OH cywecTByeT Tonbko B npouecce ero BocnpMaTna,npn npeAnonaraeTC M3BeCTHO TaTenio n npMBHOCMTCA MM npn uTeHMM MMeHHO B 3TOM CMbIcne MOXKHO roBopNTb o AManoryHOCTN npouecca BocnpMATna xynoKeCTBeHHorO TekcTa. KOMMyHNKaTNBHas npupona TekcTa,Kak ACHO 3 CKa3aHHoro,HenocpeCTBeHHbIM 5.4To Takoe WHdpopMaTnBHOCTb TekcTa? BbinonHATb KOMMyHNKaTHBHyo yHKLMIO,6bITb cpeACTBOM 06weHNA TeKCT MOxeT nnwb B TOM cnyuae,ecnn oH nepenaeT HoByIo MHoopMaynlo,npeAcraBnseT co6o HekoTopoe coo6weHne (ecnM 3TorO HeT,TO 06weHne 6eccMbIcneHHO5),MHbIMM cnoBaMn,o6nanaeT
( , - " H#" & 0 " " 0( $ @ 7 ' " ( &8 "( = & #$ ( $ $ $ " * ' ' $ % # P4# 7 & ) * ) Q $ #$ # ) 0 ) # $ $ 0 ) $ # , $ - $ = * *#* & $ ( , - & " " # 7 ( # - *" & $ " ( 5 $ $ $ $ # $ 7 & 0 ($ # & ($ $ . / 4 $ $ $ $ * + * ) $ ) " $ $ " # - ) $ " ) $ " $ $ " " $ . ) / # 0) #$ * % $ # 0 ) #$ " * & - $ * C($ $ O
Mcnonb30BaHme xyAoxecTBeHHoro TeKcTa Ha npaKTuveckux 3aHATMax no pycckoMy 93bl. xVnoxKecTBeHHbIN.Ho MMeHHo B XVnoxKecTBeHHOM TekcTe MHdbopMauna npenctaBneHa B Han6onee n pa3HonnaHOBOM BnAe.ToBopAT Aaxke 06 < ynpoweHHblM 06pa30M Mbl MoeM roBopNTb O TOM,4TO WHopMayna xyAoxeCTBeHHorO TeKcTa 3 -obakmyanbHo (dakTnuecKoM),T.e.cBeneHnn o akTax-06bekTax,ABneHnax,co6bITMAX BHewHero (peanbHoro)nnn Boo6paxaemoro Mupa; -3MomueHO6-no6youmenbHoU,a MMeHHo:nepenayn B TeKcTe uyBCTB,. 3MOLMOHanbHbIX COCTOAHNN,nobyxneHnn nnp.,npncywnx Kak aBTopy,Tak n repogM npoN3BeneHNA: (MnM akcuonoauyecko),T.e.B TeKcTe ueHHOCTHbIx opMeHTMpoB MopanbHO-HpaBCTBeHHbIX,3CTeTNyeCKMX,CouManbHO-nonNTNyeCKMX W WHbIX,npMCywNX Kak repoAM npow3BeneHMA,Tak M ero aBTopy; KOHLenmyanbHOU,T.e.CB93aHHOn C aBTOpCKMM 3aMblcnoM,MnM KOHLenTOM,B KOTODOM OTpaxkeHbl aBTopcKMe MOTWBbI.NHTeHUNN MT.n. B xone npakTMyeckon paboTbl Han TeKCTOM HeT HeooxonMMOCTM 3HaKoMMTb vyaweroca c CBeAeHMAMM,TePMMHaMM MT.n.OAHako npenoAaBaTenb AonkeH npeAcTaBnaTb ce6e,cKonb cnoxHa n MHorOcnonHa WHoopMauna,nepenaBaeMag xVnoxKecTBeHHbIM TeKCTOM. YTO OAHa w Ta xe TeKCToBas eAnHnua MoxeT nepenaBaTb pa3nwyHylo WHcopMaunio (HepeAko Bcex yeTblpex nnaHoB,wnn TWnOB,OAHOBpeMeHHO).3TO BO3MOXHO 6naronaps TaKoMy CBONCTBy 93blka o6pa3Hocmb xyAoxeCTBeHHOCTb). 6.YTo MMeIOT B BnAy,Korna roBopaT 06 o6pa3HOCTN 93bIKa xynoxecTBeHHON nMTepaTypbl? Cnoco6HOCTb 93bIKOBon eAMHMubl npnoopeTaTb HOBble CMblcnbl nopoxAaTb pa3nyHble 06pa3bl B npouecce KOMMyHnKaunn -TaK Ha3blBaeMa 06pa3HOCTb ABngeTCA npoABneHneM OCHOBHbIX中yHKMi nMTepaTypbl-3cmemuyeckou. BaxHo NMeTb B BMAy,YTO 3TO CBONCTBO npncywe BceM 6e3 eAMHMuaM 93bIKOBOrO BbipaxeHn xyAoxeCTBeHHorO TeKcTa,a He TonbKo TeM,KOTopble TpaAMuMOHHO paccMaTpnBaloTca kak CTMnNCTMYeckne npneMbl Tponbl n urypbl.no 3aMblKaeTCA B ero oykBanbHOM CMbIcne. B.B.BMHorpanoB nucan o TOM,YTO cnoBo B xyaoxecTBeHHOM TekcTe ABynnaHoBo. Bo-nepBbIx,OHO
$ 0 5 #" $ "$ 0 ) A . 0 ) " * / &> ( E* $ 0 ) ' &0 "($ " 0 ' ? $ $ % & ( D '+ I $ 7 $ "$ -) "$ " $ * $ D ' & ($ ) $ ' $ - $ ) ' $ * $ D ' $ " $ " )$ $ ) " * $ 5 $ " 0 ) $ 0 ) * ? $ ) # 0 ) # & $ $ ( 2 " " $ & ( 0 ) " & % % < " ) ) " ) ' ' " 0) " " ' + $ - " * # ) $ $ ) # ' 0 , # A5 $ " " $ ' $ %" 0 )" K