Part ii Cloze Test Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labelled A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points) Every day, hundreds of thousands of social scientists go to work. Meanwhile, most of the rest of the world believes that social science is frivolous(不重要的、无意义的) and useless. More t the 41, even those in government and business who sometimes hope to use research frequently 42 that social science is irrelevant, incomprehensible or 43 low quality. Researchers are usually unable to 44 specific instances of their work 45 used. Social scientists are 46 that their work is not used as they think it should be, and dismayed 47 they do not share the social respect of natural scientists. Sometimes this situation may endanger research funds. 48 their economies in trouble, nations like the U.S. and Britain have begun to decide that social science is a luxury that they can do 49. As a result, the al though the field has had citations increase fifty fold in the twenty years 50 9 tists underutilization"of research has received a surge of new at tention of the social scie 41. A. effect B. point C. contrary D. advantag 42. A. accuse B. object C. testify D. complain 43. A. is B. of C. at D. very 44.A. cite b. confirm c. contend d. conceive 45. A. being b. to be C. has been D. which is 46, A. fascinated B. overwhelmed C. terrified D. frustrated 47, A. if B. once c. that d. whenever 48. A. With B. Despite C. Lest D. Because of 49. A. with B. within C. without D. away with 50. A. prior B. previous C. preceding D. precedent Part lI Readling Comprehension Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter n the brackets with a pencil(40 points Passage 1 The traditional distinction between products that satisfy needs and those that satisfy wants is no longer adequate to describe classes of products. In today 's prosperous societies the distinction has become blurred because so many wants have been turned into needs. A writer, for instance, can work with paper and pencils. These are legitimate needs for the task. But the work an be done more quickly and efficiently with a word processor. Thus a computer is soon viewed as a need rather than a want In the field of marketing, consumer goods are classed according to the way in which they are purchased. The two main categories are convenience goods and shopping goods. Two lesser types are specialty goods and unsought goods. It must be emphasized that all of these types are based on the way shoppers think about products, not on the nature of the products themselves. What is regarded as a convenience item in France(wine, for example)may be a specialty good in the United States People do not spend a great deal of time shopping for such convenience items as groceries, newspapers, toothpaste, razor blades, aspirin, and candy. The buying of convenience goods may be done routinely, as some families buy groceries once a week. Such regularly purchased items are called staples. Sometimes convenience products are bought on impulse: someone has a sudden desire for an ice cream sundae on a hot day. Or they may be purchased as emergency items. Shopping goods are items for which customers search. They compare prices, quality, and styles, and may visit a number of stores before making a decision. Buying an automobile is often done this way. ping goods fall into two classes: those that are perceived as basically the same and those are regarded as different. Items that are looked upon as basically the same include such
Part II Cloze Test Directions:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labelled A,B,C and D.Choose the best one and put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) Every day, hundreds of thousands of social scientists go to work. Meanwhile, most of the rest of the world believes that social science is frivolous (不重要的、无意义的)and useless. More to the 41 ，even those in government and business who sometimes hope to use research frequently 42 that social science is irrelevant,incomprehensible or 43 low quality. Researchers are usually unable to 44 specific instances of their work 45 used. Social scientists are 46 that their work is not used as they think it should be, and dismayed 47 they do not share the social respect of natural scientists. Sometimes this situation may endanger research funds. 48 their economies in trouble,nations like the U.S. and Britain have begun to decide that social science is a luxury that they can do 49 .As a result, the “underutilization”of research has received a surge of new attention of the social scientists although the field has had citations increase fifty fold in the twenty years 50 1976． 41．A．effect B．point C．contrary D．advantage 42．A．accuse B．object C．testify D．complain 43．A．is B．of C．at D．very 44．A．cite B．confirm C．contend D．conceive 45．A．being B．to be C．has been D．which is 46．A．fascinated B．overwhelmed C．terrified D．frustrated 47．A．if B．once C．that D．whenever 48．A．With B．Despite C．Lest D．Because of 49．A．with B．within C．without D．away with 50．A．prior B．previous C．preceding D．precedent Part Ⅲ Readling Comprehension Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A,B,C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points) Passage 1 The traditional distinction between products that satisfy needs and those that satisfy wants is no longer adequate to describe classes of products. In today's prosperous societies the distinction has become blurred because so many wants have been turned into needs. A writer, for instance, can work with paper and pencils. These are legitimate needs for the task. But the work can be done more quickly and efficiently with a word processor. Thus a computer is soon viewed as a need rather than a want. In the field of marketing, consumer goods are classed according to the way in which they are purchased. The two main categories are convenience goods and shopping goods. Two lesser types are specialty goods and unsought goods. It must be emphasized that all of these types are based on the way shoppers think about products, not on the nature of the products themselves. What is regarded as a convenience item in France(wine, for example)may be a specialty good in the United States. People do not spend a great deal of time shopping for such convenience items as groceries, newspapers, toothpaste, razor blades, aspirin, and candy. The buying of convenience goods may be done routinely, as some families buy groceries once a week. Such regularly purchased items are called staples. Sometimes convenience products are bought on impulse: someone has a sudden desire for an ice cream sundae on a hot day. Or they may be purchased as emergency items. Shopping goods are items for which customers search. They compare prices, quality, and styles, and may visit a number of stores before making a decision. Buying an automobile is often done this way. Shopping goods fall into two classes:those that are perceived as basically the same and those that are regarded as different. Items that are looked upon as basically the same include such
things as home appliances, television sets, and automobiles. Having decided on the model desired, the cus tomer is primarily interested in getting the item at the most favorable price. Items regarded as inherently different include clothing, furniture, and dishes. Quality, style, and fashion will either take precedence over price, or they will not matter at all. Specialty goods have characteristics that impel cus tomers to make special efforts to find them. Price may be no consideration at all. Specialty goods can include almost any kind of product. Normally, specialty goods have a brand name or other distinguishing characteristics. Unsought goods are items a consumer does not necessarily want or need or may not even know about Promotion or advertising brings such goods to the consumer s attention. The product could be some thing new on the market as the Sony Walkman once was or it may be a fairly standard service, such as life insurance, for which most people will usually not bother shopping. A word processor can be looked on as satisfying a need rather than a want if A. it is used at home to do paper work B. it is used by a writer to type a novel becomes the only means to an end D a writer does not want to use it Staples (in the third paragraph) are commodities A that people are in constant need of B that people do not really want C that people want but don t need D that are convenient to purchase Shopping goods that are considered as basically the same are those A that satisfy similar needs of the consumer B that consumers don t care where to buy them C that consumers spend much time to look for D that can be found in nearly every shop Unsought good A have to be B have to be standardized C have to be promote D have to be sent to consumers s homes Passage 2 The listener has a given amount of energy to expend in completing the communication process. Any distraction that demands part of that energy will diminish the probability that communication ill take place. One of the easiest distractions to eliminate is the too soft voice. You will find it necessary to adjust your voice level to accommodate the size of the room, the number of people in the audience, the furnishings, and the ambient noise level. The desired level is one that seems slightly greater than that normally heard in conversation. If in your voice to be easily heard. In some cases, you may require electronin ate amount of power ill usually enable you to speak in an ordinary conversational tone. Furnishings such as heavy carpets and drapes absorb a good deal of sound, thereby creating a deadening effect on the speaker s voice, You should be able to judge the effects of the furnishings after speaking the first few sentences. You can then modify your voice level as necessary to account for any sound absorbing material The ambient noise in the room may be made up of motor sounds from and overhead projector airconditioning, outside traffic, etc. You may find it necessary to vary your voice level at times
things as home appliances, television sets, and automobiles. Having decided on the model desired, the customer is primarily interested in getting the item at the most favorable price. Items regarded as inherently different include clothing, furniture, and dishes. Quality, style, and fashion will either take precedence over price,or they will not matter at all. Specialty goods have characteristics that impel customers to make special efforts to find them. Price may be no consideration at all. Specialty goods can include almost any kind of product. Normally,specialty goods have a brand name or other distinguishing characteristics. Unsought goods are items a consumer does not necessarily want or need or may not even know about.Promotion or advertising brings such goods to the consumer's attention. The product could be something new on the market as the Sony Walkman once was or it may be a fairly standard service, such as life insurance,for which most people will usually not bother shopping. A word processor can be looked on as satisfying a need rather than a want if _____ . A.it is used at home to do paper work B.it is used by a writer to type a novel C.it becomes the only means to an end D.a writer does not want to use it Staples(in the third paragraph) are commodities _____ . A.that people are in constant need of B.that people do not really want C.that people want but don't need D.that are convenient to purchase Shopping goods that are considered as basically the same are those _____ . A.that satisfy similar needs of the consumer B.that consumers don't care where to buy them C.that consumers spend much time to look for D.that can be found in nearly every shop Unsought goods _____ . A.have to be new B.have to be standardized C.have to be promoted D.have to be sent to consumers'ｓ homes Passage 2 The listener has a given amount of energy to expend in completing the communication process. Any distraction that demands part of that energy will diminish the probability that communication will take place.One of the easiest distractions to eliminate is the too soft voice. You will find it necessary to adjust your voice level to accommodate the size of the room,the number of people in the audience, the furnishings, and the ambient noise level. The desired level is one that seems slightly greater than that normally heard in conversation.If the room is large and filled with people, you will have to put an appropriate amount of power in your voice to be easily heard. In some cases, you may require electronic amplification, which will usually enable you to speak in an ordinary conversational tone. Furnishings such as heavy carpets and drapes absorb a good deal of sound, thereby creating a deadening effect on the speaker's voice. You should be able to judge the effects of the furnishings after speaking the first few sentences. You can then modify your voice level as necessary to account for any sound absorbing material. The ambient noise in the room may be made up of motor sounds from and overhead projector, airconditioning ,outside traffic, etc. You may find it necessary to vary your voice level at times to adjust for changes in the ambient noise level