The synthesis of AMP and GMP from IMP H-N IMP Aspartate GTP NAD+ GDP+ P Adenylosuccinate synthetase lehydr IMP NADH +H C-CH- CH NH GMP Adenylosuccinate synthetase ATP Glutami Adenylosuccinate Vase Step2>Fumarate AMP PP Glutamate NH. AMP HN量 GMP
The synthesis of AMP and GMP from IMP
The pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway P \ICase CHe HCO Glutamine +2 ATP+ HAN HN N-C-H Glutaral +2 ADP oNLF sCHr HIN C-H H Dihydroorotase>OH Steps>(co OMP decarboxylase Orotate phospho H H ribosyltransferase DHO dehydrogenase 一CH:O PPa-PRPE Coena Coenzyme C=0 QH H O- OH OH Dihydroorotate(DHO) Orotidine 5.Monophosphate (OMP)
The pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway
CTP synthesis from UTP NHe CTP synthetase N N Glutamine Glutamate R OOO- KR + ATP t adP UTP CTP +H2o
CTP synthesis from UTP
Biosynthesis: Purine vs Pyrimidine Synthesized on PRPP Synthesized then added to PRPP Regulated by Regulated by UTP GTP/ATP Generates UMP/CMP Generates MP R equires energy Requires energy Both are very complicated multi-step process which your kindly professor does not expect you to know in detail
Biosynthesis: Purine vs Pyrimidine • Synthesized on PRPP • Regulated by GTP/ATP • Generates IMP • Requires Energy • Synthesized then added to PRPP • Regulated by UTP • Generates UMP/CMP • Requires Energy Both are very complicated multi-step process which your kindly professor does not expect you to know in detail
1g Reduction of ribonucleotides by ribo nucleotide reductase. Electrons are transmitted (blue arrows)to the enzyme from NADPH via either (a)glutaredoxin or (b)thioredoxin. The dNDP NDP sulfide groups in glutaredoxin reductase are con- tributed by two molecules of bound glutathione (GSH). Note that thioredoxin reductase is a flavoenzyme, with FAD as prosthetic group. Oxi dized glutathione is denoted GSSG(Fig. 21 Ribonucleotide Ribonucleotide Glutaredoxin (Glutaredoxin( Thioredoxin thioredoxin GSSG 2GSH FAD FADH2 NADPH +H+ NAL NADPH +H+ NADPt