Chapter 2 Part 1 RO INTERNATIONAL TRADE THEORY 2006年版
2006年版 Chapter 2 Part 1 INTERNATIONAL TRADE THEORY
Chapter 2 Basic Analytical Tools 1. General Equilibrium Analysis-般均衡法 )GEA means analyzing two or more than two related markets at the same time(eg Export Market and Import Market, Goods Market and Factor Market) 2) We usually use the PpF and CIC as the basic tools in the general equilibrium analysis of international trade. 2. Partial Equilibrium Analysis,局部均衡法 1) PEA means only analyzing single marketin one time 2)We usually use the Demand Curve and the Supply Curve as the basic tools in the partial equilibrium analysis. 2006年版
2006年版 Chapter 2 Basic Analytical Tools 1. General Equilibrium Analysis一般均衡法 1) GEA means analyzing two or more than two related markets at the same time(eg.Export Market and Import Market, Goods Market and Factor Market) 2) We usually use the PPF and CIC as the basic tools in the general equilibrium analysis of international trade. 2. Partial Equilibrium Analysis局部均衡法 1) PEA means only analyzing single market in one time 2) We usually use the Demand Curve and the Supply Curve as the basic tools in the partial equilibrium analysis
Chapter 2 General Equilibrium analysis 1. Supply Side: Production Possibility Frontier(PpF 生产可能性曲线 国际贸易实际上是国际市场上的供给(出口)与需求(进口)问 题。为了研究一国能够出口什么,需要进口什么,我们必须先研 究一国的生产能力。在经济学中,为了表现整个国家的能生产什 我们常常使用一种称为“生产可能性曲线”的图形。 2. Demand Side: Community Indifference Curves CIC社会无差异曲线 虽然在一个国家或经济社会里,每个人都有自己的消费偏好,很 难找到一组能反映每一个消费者满足程度的无差异曲线,但我们 仍然能用一幅反映平均消费效用的或反映大多数人消费偏好的无 差异曲线图来分析,我们称之为“社会无差异曲线”。社会无差 异曲线反映一国的平均消费偏好。 2006年版
2006年版 Chapter 2 General Equilibrium Analysis 1. Supply Side: Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) 生产可能性曲线 – 国际贸易实际上是国际市场上的供给(出口)与需求(进口)问 题。为了研究一国能够出口什么,需要进口什么,我们必须先研 究一国的生产能力。在经济学中,为了表现整个国家的能生产什 么,我们常常使用一种称为“生产可能性曲线”的图形。 2. Demand Side:Community Indifference Curves (CIC)社会无差异曲线 – 虽然在一个国家或经济社会里,每个人都有自己的消费偏好,很 难找到一组能反映每一个消费者满足程度的无差异曲线,但我们 仍然能用一幅反映平均消费效用的或反映大多数人消费偏好的无 差异曲线图来分析,我们称之为“社会无差异曲线” 。社会无差 异曲线反映一国的平均消费偏好
Chapter 2 Production Possibility frontier Conception: PPF: Points describing alternative combinations of output levels(生产组合) for two different products to be produced by given resources(既定 的资源条件) 生产可能性曲线( Production Possibility Frontier,简称 PPF)表明一个国家在充分和有效地使用其所有资 源时能生产的各种商品数量的组合。 Q A B The shape of PpF is decided by the D opportunity of cost PPF of goods。 E QR 2006年版
2006年版 Chapter 2 Production Possibility Frontier 1. Conception: ➢ PPF:Points describing alternative combinations of output levels(生产组合) for two different products to be produced by given resources(既定 的资源条件) ➢ 生产可能性曲线( Production Possibility Frontier, 简称 PPF)表明一个国家在充分和有效地使用其所有资 源时能生产的各种商品数量的组合。 QR Qw PPF A B C D E The shape of PPF is decided by the opportunity of cost of goods
Chapter 2 Opportunity Cost and PPF 1. Opportunity Cost(机会成本) The cost of an activity in terms of sacrificed next best alternative uses of the assets involved Can also be formulated as"amount of product 2 we must give up to produce a unit of product 1' (生产一单位商品1所必须放弃的生产商品2的 数量) 2006年版
2006年版 Chapter 2 Opportunity Cost and PPF 1. Opportunity Cost(机会成本) • The cost of an activity in terms of sacrificed next best alternative uses of the assets involved. Can also be formulated as “amount of product 2 we must give up to produce a unit of product 1” . – (生产一单位商品1所必须放弃的生产商品2的 数量)