Chapter 2 Northern reland Time Allocation: 2 periods Focal Points: physical features of Northern Ireland, the religious conflicts between the irish and the british L. General introduction When we talk about the United Kingdom we cant neglect Northern ireland. This part is the smallest part with an area of about 14, 160 square kilometers and a population of about 1, 702, 600(2003 estimate). Northern Ireland constitutes about 17 percent of the land area of Ireland and has 31 percent of the islands population. The rest of the island is occupied by the Republic of Ireland. The capital of Northern Ireland is belfast ATLANTIC 8°30° OCEAN Henbane linty ar Heat unabay Head Garron Point w Mills 。u9 hagbut Claud Cully ack ey。Ball Gulfaduff °Moun agh ossnovlagh 54°30 Kircubbin Seribbagho po cris Listooder Glesfarn Drurmcard Tec Poyntz Pa a Ardglass SMONAGHAN Irish se Bal Mill To kee sher 05. ?1903-2004 Microsoft Corpotation. All rights reserved
1 Chapter 2 Northern Ireland Time Allocation: 2 periods Focal Points: physical features of Northern Ireland, the religious conflicts between the Irish and the British I. General Introduction When we talk about the United Kingdom, we can’t neglect Northern Ireland. This part is the smallest part with an area of about 14,160 square kilometers and a population of about 1,702,600 (2003 estimate). Northern Ireland constitutes about 17 percent of the land area of Ireland and has 31 percent of the island’s population. The rest of the island is occupied by the Republic of Ireland. The capital of Northern Ireland is Belfast
The Stock Market/Jose Fuste Raga City Hall, Belfast Belfast is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland. The city is also an important manufacturing center, famous for its shipbuilding and textile industries. The majestic City hall building, shown here, is a landmark located in Donegall Square in the center of Belfa HIE Corbis/Jack Fields Brick EdIfices(大建筑物 of Belfast Late aftemoon sun casts long shadows on the brick buildings of downtown Belfast. Almost half of the population of Northem Ireland lives in and around this densely populated city. Catholics and Protestants once lived side by side in the blue-collar neighborhoods of Belfast, but after spates of sectarian violence in the mid-19th century the city developed a tight ethnic segregation in housing patterns
2 City Hall, Belfast Belfast is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland. The city is also an important manufacturing center, famous for its shipbuilding and textile industries. The majestic City Hall building, shown here, is a landmark located in Donegall Square in the center of Belfast. B rick Edifices (大建筑物) of Belfast Late afternoon sun casts long shadows on the brick buildings of downtown Belfast. Almost half of the population of Northern Ireland lives in and around this densely populated city. Catholics and Protestants once lived side by side in the blue-collar neighborhoods of Belfast, but after spates of sectarian violence in the mid-19th century the city developed a tight ethnic segregation in housing patterns
Northern Ireland lies in the northeast of the island of Ireland. The Republic of Ireland bounds it on the south and west the irish Sea and the north channel on the east. and the atlantic Ocean on the north The different regions of Northern Ireland are frequently referred to by the names of the province' s six traditional irish counties. These are--clockwise(顺时针方向的) from the northeast--Antrim, Down, Armagh, Fermanagh, Tyrone, and Londonderry (erry) The regions coastline consists of wide, sandy beaches, broken by steep cliffs(a E)in the north, northeast, and southeast. Near the northernmost point of Northern Ireland is Giant's Causeway, an unusual formation of basalt(*I##)columns created by the cooling of an ancient lava(a#) flow(p19, paragraph 2) Photo Researchers, Inc /F. Le Diascorn/Rapho Ts Glant's Causeway, Northem Ireland According to legend, the basalt columns of Giant's Cause way are ancient stepping stones giants used to cross the channel between ireland and scotland. Based on geological(地质学的 evidence, scientists believe the distinct pillars formed during the cooling and contracting phase of a lava(熔岩)fow
3 Northern Ireland lies in the northeast of the island of Ireland. The Republic of Ireland bounds it on the south and west, the Irish Sea and the North Channel on the east, and the Atlantic Ocean on the north. The different regions of Northern Ireland are frequently referred to by the names of the province’s six traditional Irish counties. These are—clockwise (顺时针方向的) from the northeast—Antrim, Down, Armagh, Fermanagh, Tyrone, and Londonderry (Derry). The region’s coastline consists of wide, sandy beaches, broken by steep cliffs (悬 崖) in the north, northeast, and southeast. Near the northernmost point of Northern Ireland is Giant’s Causeway, an unusual formation of basalt (玄武岩) columns created by the cooling of an ancient lava (熔岩) flow. (p19, paragraph 2) Giant's Causeway, Northern Ireland According to legend, the basalt columns of Giant’s Causeway are ancient stepping stones giants used to cross the channel between Ireland and Scotland. Based on geological ( 地质学的) evidence, scientists believe the distinct pillars formed during the cooling and contracting phase of a lava （熔岩） flow
Corbis/Michael St Maur Sheil Rural Antrim The green, rolling farmland of County Antrim stretches toward slemish Mountain in northeastern Northern Ireland. According to tradition, Saint Patrick spent his youth as a herdsman in this area after being carried off from Great Britain by Irish marauders (R44) Photo Researchers, Inc /Linda Barlett Mountains of northern ireland The mourne mounta ins form a natural barrier between the coast of northern ireland and it interior lowlands. The range runs 24 km(15 mi) along the country 's southwest coast and rises to a maximum elevation of 852 m(2, 796 ft)at Slieve Donard, just outside of Newcastle
4 Rural Antrim The green, rolling farmland of County Antrim stretches toward Slemish Mountain in northeastern Northern Ireland. According to tradition, Saint Patrick spent his youth as a herdsman in this area after being carried off from Great Britain by Irish marauders （掠夺者）. Mountains of Northern Ireland The Mourne Mountains form a natural barrier between the coast of Northern Ireland and its interior lowlands. The range runs 24 km (15 mi) along the country's southwest coast and rises to a maximum elevation of 852 m (2,796 ft) at Slieve Donard, just outside of Newcastle
Northern Ireland is an industrialized country with manufactured goods comprising a large volume of its exports. Industries include engineering, shipbuilding vehicle manufacture, textiles, food and beverage process ing, and clothing. The service industry employs about two-thirds and manufacturing less than one-fifth of the country's workers The Irish are a mainly Celtic people Like welsh, they have a rich literary heritage which is apparent in their love of words. Many great writers of English literature were Irish or had an Irish background, like Jonathan Swift, Oscar Wilde, Bernard Shaw etc Ⅱ. History Northern Ireland is a modern term, brought into existence by the British Parliament's government of Ireland Act of 1920. Before 1920 the region was referred to as Ulster. The word Ulster derives from the Ulaid the name of one of the celtic dynasties of prehistory. Though Northern Ireland is small, it is significant because of the political troubles there. Northern Irelands population is deeply divided along religious and political lines. The schism( between the Protestant majority and the Catholic minority extends deep into Northern Irelands past and has strongly influenced the regions culture, settlement patterns, and politics Ireland had been an independent kingdom before the Anglo-Norman invaders came in the 13th century. Like England, little is known for certain about prehistoric Ireland. By around 500 BC the people of Ireland, including Ulster, were Celts,a group that dominated most of central and northern Europe in the lst millennium BC. By the 8th century AD, the inhabitants of Ireland described themselves as Gaels According to tradition, Saint Patrick brought Christianity to Ireland from Western Europe in the 5th century AD. Christianity developed in Ireland a century earlier thar it did among the anglo-Saxons in Great Britain. For some time irish Christianity also developed independently of mainstream Christianity in the rest of Europe, especially in matters of church organization
5 Northern Ireland is an industrialized country, with manufactured goods comprising a large volume of its exports. Industries include engineering, shipbuilding, vehicle manufacture, textiles, food and beverage processing, and clothing. The service industry employs about two-thirds and manufacturing less than one-fifth of the country's workers. The Irish are a mainly Celtic people. Like welsh, they have a rich literary heritage which is apparent in their love of words. Many great writers of English literature were Irish or had an Irish background, like Jonathan Swift, Oscar Wilde, Bernard Shaw etc. II. History Northern Ireland is a modern term, brought into existence by the British Parliament’s Government of Ireland Act of 1920. Before 1920 the region was referred to as Ulster. The word Ulster derives from the Ulaid, the name of one of the Celtic dynasties of prehistory. Though Northern Ireland is small, it is significant because of the political troubles there. Northern Ireland’s population is deeply divided along religious and political lines. The schism（分裂）between the Protestant majority and the Catholic minority extends deep into Northern Ireland’s past and has strongly influenced the region’s culture, settlement patterns, and politics. Ireland had been an independent kingdom before the Anglo-Norman invaders came in the 13th century. Like England, little is known for certain about prehistoric Ireland. By around 500 BC the people of Ireland, including Ulster, were Celts, a group that dominated most of central and northern Europe in the 1st millennium BC. By the 8th century AD, the inhabitants of Ireland described themselves as Gaels. According to tradition, Saint Patrick brought Christianity to Ireland from Western Europe in the 5th century AD. Christianity developed in Ireland a century earlier than it did among the Anglo-Saxons in Great Britain. For some time Irish Christianity also developed independently of mainstream Christianity in the rest of Europe, especially in matters of church organization