Lesson Twenty-five Computer development and the naval architect Those who have attained some familiarity with computer operation and application have subsequently learned hat they must continually keep abreast of developments or rapidly behind, not only in regard to programming skills but most naval architects have properly decided that their interest is in using the computer and are willing to permit specialists to design the computers. However, the advent of graphical input-output devices, for example, cannot help but affect the manner in which naval architects relate to the computer. The concept of time sharing (multiple simultaneous use of the computer from remote consoles)is just achieving popularity and surely will result in wider computer usage. These brief remarks on the use of computers in naval not involve the tremendous advances in computer technology, some of these now seen sensational, even though many of these must in time change the practice of naval architecture. It is important, though, to mention here the more immediate progress in the development of problem-oriented language and optimization techniques for engineering design. As an example, STRESS (STR Uctural Engineering Systems Solver)consists of a language that describes the problems and a processor or computer program that accepts problem descriptions in this language and produces he requested results. The communication with the computer approximates as much as possible the engineers language and is in essentially the terms which one engineer would use in instructing another. There are other examples(GMr DYANA, for dynamic systems, has achieved relatively wide usage)and it appears that the majority are not. That they will become so seems certain and that similar special systems for use particularly by naval architects will be developed also seems equally certain Another aspect of computer utilization, at present only indirectly related to naval-architecture calculations. is the increasing control of shipbuilding fabrication procedures by computer, notably the control of flame cutting burners after input data have been received, perhaps in polynomial from or as a detailed set of offset tables. As the actively in this area increases it is certain that there will evolve a much closer correlation between the format of what is considered a completely finished ship design and the material the shipyard actually needs to construct the ship, with resulting interaction between the designer and the shipbuilder to optimize their combined efforts The progress in graphical communication between man and machine, particularly with respect to three-dimensional representation and perception, has recently been rapid and presumably will be significant in this regard. Production scheduling inventory control, and many of the other data processing applications of computers will, of course, also play an ever larger part in revolutionizing shipyard operations Finally, the computer on board ships should in time affect design criteria and allow for safer and more economical operation through automatic decision making in regard to loading, engine operation,navigation, and other considerations. This too will in time affect the practice of naval architecture and may generate entirely new calculations for the naval architect to carry out. The development of computers will surely continue and they will play an ever-increasing role in almost all aspects of our activity. The principles of naval architecture may indeed remain unchanged, but their application must be profoundly affected by this vital tool as yet in its infancy The full impact of the computer and its capacity for increasing the engineers capabilities are eyond our present ability architecture will be implemented with ever-increasing intensity From "Principle of Naval Architecture.1967)
Lesson Twenty-five Computer Development and the Naval Architect Those who have attained some familiarity with computer operation and application have subsequently learned hat they must continually keep abreast of developments or rapidly fall behind, not only in regard to programming skills but most naval architects have properly decided that their interest is in using the computer and are willing to permit specialists to design the computers. However, the advent of graphical input-output devices, for example, cannot help but affect the manner in which naval architects relate to the computer. The concept of time sharing (multiple simultaneous use of the computer from remote consoles) is just achieving popularity and surely will result in wider computer usage. These brief remarks on the use of computers in naval architecture calculations, however, need not involve the tremendous advances in computer technology, some of these now seen sensational, even though many of these must in time change the practice of naval architecture. It is important, though, to mention here the more immediate progress in the development of problem-oriented language and optimization techniques for engineering design. As an example, STRESS (STR Uctural Engineering Systems Solver) consists of a language that describes the problems and a processor or computer program that accepts problem descriptions in this language and produces he requested results. The communication with the computer approximates as much as possible the engineer’s language and is in essentially the terms which one engineer would use in instructing another. There are other examples (GMR DYANA, for dynamic systems, has achieved relatively wide usage) and it appears that the majority are not. That they will become so seems certain and that similar special systems for use particularly by naval architects will be developed also seems equally certain. Another aspect of computer utilization, at present only indirectly related to naval-architecture calculations. is the increasing control of shipbuilding fabrication procedures by computer, notably the control of flame cutting burners after input data have been received, perhaps in polynomial from or as a detailed set of offset tables. As the actively in this area increases it is certain that there will evolve a much closer correlation between the format of what is considered a completely finished ship design and the material the shipyard actually needs to construct the ship, with resulting interaction between the designer and the shipbuilder to optimize their combined efforts. The progress in graphical communication between man and machine, particularly with respect to three-dimensional representation and perception, has recently been rapid and presumably will be significant in this regard. Production scheduling inventory control, and many of the other data processing applications of computers will, of course, also play an ever larger part in revolutionizing shipyard operations. Finally, the computer on board ships should in time affect design criteria and allow for safer and more economical operation through automatic decision making in regard to loading, engine operation, navigation, and other considerations. This too will in time affect the practice of naval architecture and may generate entirely new calculations for the naval architect to carry out. The development of computers will surely continue and they will play an ever-increasing role in almost all aspects of our activity. The principles of naval architecture may indeed remain unchanged, but their application must be profoundly affected by this vital tool as yet in its infancy. The full impact of the computer and its capacity for increasing the engineer’s capabilities are beyond our present ability architecture will be implemented with ever-increasing intensity. (From “Principle of Naval Architecture”. 1967)
Technical Terms 1. programming skill程序设计技巧 l6. Instructing指令,说明 2. terminology术语 17. ame cutting burner火焰切割机 3. hardware硬件 18. polynomial form多项式形式 4. phenomenal显著的 19. offset table型值表 5. specialists专家 20. format格式 6. advent出现 21. graphical communication图像联系(通 7. graphical input- output device.图像输入 信) 输出设备 22. perception感知 8. time sharing分时(系统) 23. production scheduling生产计划进展 9. multiple simultaneous use多用途同时 (表) 使用 24. inventory control库存量控制 10. remote consoles远距离控制台 25. data processing数据处理 11. remark说明,评论 26. automatic decision making自动决策 12. problem-oriented lan 面向问题的27. navigation航行 语言 28. infancy初期,幼年时期 13. optimization优化 29. Impact影响,效果 14. solver解算器(机) 30. Intensity强烈性 5. processor信息处理机 Additional Terms and Expressions 1. microcomputer微型计算机 助设计 2. microprocessor微处理机 18. Integrated Manufactured System (IMS) 3. software软件 综合生产系统 4.( magnetIc)drum磁鼓 19. computer system evaluation计算机过程 5.dsc(disk)磁盘 6. terminal终端 20. computer system evaluation计算机系统 7. Instructing指令 评价 8. data bank/base数据库 21. shipyard management system船厂管理 9. teletypewriter电传打字机 系统 10. line printer行式打印机 22.NC. flame cutting machine数控切割机 11. card reader卡片输入机 23.NC. pipe bender数控弯管机 12. card puncher卡片穿孔机 24.NC. drafting machine数控绘图机 13. input/output device输入输出设备 25.NC. template processing machine数控 14. plotter绘图仪 样板机 15. light-pen- graphic display光笔图形显示26.man- machine system人机系统 27. flow chart程序框图 16. optimized design of ship船舶优化设计28. data processing system数据处理系统 7. computer aided design(CAD)计算机辅
Technical Terms 1. programming skill 程序设计技巧 2. terminology 术语 3. hardware 硬件 4. phenomenal 显著的 5. specialists 专家 6. advent 出现 7. graphical input-output device. 图像输入 输出设备 8. time sharing 分时（系统） 9. multiple simultaneous use 多用途同时 使用 10. remote consoles 远距离控制台 11. remark 说明，评论 12. problem-oriented language 面向问题的 语言 13. optimization 优化 14. solver 解算器（机） 15. processor 信息处理机 16. instructing 指令，说明 17. flame cutting burner 火焰切割机 18. polynomial form 多项式形式 19. offset table 型值表 20. format 格式 21. graphical communication 图像联系（通 信） 22. perception 感知 23. production scheduling 生产计划 进展 （表） 24. inventory control 库存量控制 25. data processing 数据处理 26. automatic decision making 自动决策 27. navigation 航行 28. infancy 初期，幼年时期 29. impact 影响，效果 30. intensity 强烈性 Additional Terms and Expressions 1. microcomputer 微型计算机 2. microprocessor 微处理机 3. software 软件 4. （magnetic） drum 磁鼓 5. disc (disk) 磁盘 6. terminal 终端 7. instructing 指令 8. data bank/base 数据库 9. teletypewriter 电传打字机 10. line printer 行式打印机 11. card reader 卡片输入机 12. card puncher 卡片穿孔机 13. input/output device 输入/输出设备 14. plotter 绘图仪 15. light-pen-graphic display 光笔图形显示 器 16. optimized design of ship 船舶优化设计 17. computer aided design (CAD) 计算机辅 助设计 18. Integrated Manufactured System (IMS) 综合生产系统 19. computer system evaluation 计算机过程 控制 20. computer system evaluation 计算机系统 评价 21. shipyard management system 船厂管理 系统 22. N.C. flame cutting machine 数控切割机 23. N.C. pipe bender 数控弯管机 24. N.C. drafting machine 数控绘图机 25. N.C. template processing machine 数控 样板机 26. man-machine system 人机系统 27. flow chart 程序框图 28. data processing system 数据处理系统
lotes to the te 1. Those who have attained some familiarity with computer operation and application have subsequently learned that they must continually keep abreast of developments or rapidly fall behind, not only in regard to programming skills but even with respect to the terminology who have attained… and application定语从句,修饰主语 those that they must至句末,为 learned的宾语从句。其中or为连接词,作“否则(要不然)”, 解释, not only…but(even为强调)连接的两个介词短语都修饰 developments 2. cannot help but affect为美国的用法,相当于英国的 cannot help affecting,“不得不”解释。 3.. and is in essentially the terms which one engineer would use in instructing another in( essentially) the terms介词短语作表语。 which one… another定语从句, which代表 the terms,在从句中作use的宾语 4. That they will become so seems certain, and that similar special systems for use particularly by naval architects will be developed also seems equally certain That seems certain, and that also seems equally certain这两个并列句为全句的主要句子。 That they will become so(so ft* familiar with programs of this type )fu that similar special systems… will be developed两者均为that引出的主语从句。 5. . it is certain that there will evolve a much closer correlation between the format of what is considered a completely finished ship design and the material the shipyard actually needs to construct the ship that there will evolve a much closer correlation between the format… and the material…为主 语从句,具体化引导词i,此从句内部又包含了两个从句 (of) what is considered a completely finished ship design为介词(of)的宾语从句 (the material the shipyard actually needs to cons-
Notes to the Text 1. Those who have attained some familiarity with computer operation and application have subsequently learned that they must continually keep abreast of developments or rapidly fall behind, not only in regard to programming skills but even with respect to the terminology. who have attained…and application 定语从句，修饰主语 those. that they must 至句末，为 learned 的宾语从句。其中 or 为连接词，作“否则（要不然）”， 解释，not only…but (even 为强调)连接的两个介词短语都修饰 developments. 2. cannot help but affect 为美国的用法，相当于英国的 cannot help affecting,“不得不”解释。 3. …and is in essentially the terms which one engineer would use in instructing another. in (essentially) the terms 介词短语作表语。 which one… another 定语从句，which 代表 the terms, 在从句中作 use 的宾语。 4. That they will become so seems certain, and that similar special systems for use particularly by naval architects will be developed also seems equally certain. That seems certain, and that also seems equally certain 这两个并列句为全句的主要句子。 That they will become so (so 代表 familiar with programs of this type ) 和 that similar special systems… will be developed 两者均为 that 引出的主语从句。 5. …it is certain that there will evolve a much closer correlation between the format of what is considered a completely finished ship design and the material the shipyard actually needs to construct the ship, … that there will evolve a much closer correlation between the format…and the material…为主 语从句，具体化引导词 it，此从句内部又包含了两个从句 （of）what is considered a completely finished ship design 为介词（of）的宾语从句。 （the material）the shipyard actually needs to cons-