H、H 252pm H+ 102pm O¨ 10H H 172pm H HOQO°.3H2O)水合质子pmn=10m
6 O H O H H O H H H H H H O 0 110 172pm 252pm 102pm + + H O (H O 3H O) 9 4 3 2 水合质子 12 1pm 10 m − = +
H O H H 229pm O…H H Hlp pm=10 HO4(OH3H2O)水合氢氧根
7 H O H H O O O H H H H 229pm - - H O (OH 3H O) 7 4 2 水合氢氧根 12 1pm 10 m − = -
3.12酸碱反应类型及平衡常数(p55) a.一元弱酸(碱)的离解反应 HA+ HO=A+ H3O K aa(a) a Ha) A+ H20=HA+OH Kb a HAa(oH) a(A)
8 3.1.2 酸碱反应类型及平衡常数（p55） a. 一元弱酸(碱)的离解反应 + - - a b (H ) (A ) = (HA) (HA) (OH ) (A) a a K a a a K = a HA + H2O A- + H3O+ A + H2O HA + OH- −
b水的质子自递反应(p55) H20+H,O H3o+ OH(25 C) K=a(H+).a(OH)=1.0×1014 共轭酸碱对(HAA)的K与K的关系为 K..=a(H).I(A)alHA). a(OH)-Kw ah a(A) pKa+pKb=pK=14.00
9 H2O + H2O H3O+ + OH- (25°C) 14 00 p p p . K K K a b w + = = 14 w (H ) (OH ) 1.0 10 + - - K a a = = + a b w (H ) (A) (HA) (OH ) (HA) (A) a a a a K K K a a − = = 共轭酸碱对(HA-A)的Ka与Kb的关系为 b. 水的质子自递反应（p55)
R Kellner《 Analytical Chemistry》p94 Ku, as a function of temperature t 0C 0 10 20 25 30 50 60 pK14.914.53141614.0013.83135313.2613.02 中性水的pH7.00 中性水的pH=pOH
10 R.Kellner 《Analytical Chemistry》p94 pKw，as a function of temperature. t 0C 0 10 20 25 30 40 50 60 pKw 14.96 14.53 14.16 14.00 13.83 13.53 13.26 13.02 中性水的pH = 7.00 ? 中性水的pH=pOH