Unit 1 TextA Winston Churchill- His Other Life Text-related Information 1. winston Churchill: a British Conservative statesman. orator. and writer. was noted for his leadership during World War Il. He held various posts under both Conservative and Liberal governments, including First Lord of the Admiralty(1911-1915, 1939-1940), and Chancellor of the Exchequer(财政大臣)(1924-1929) before becoming Prime Minister(1940-1945,1951-1956) His writings include The World Crisis(1923-1929), The Second World War(1948-1953), and A History of the English-Speaking Peoples (1956-1958). He won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953.温斯顿·丘吉尔(1874-1965,英国保守党政治家、首相[1940-1945,1951-1955、作 2. the Admiralty:(or the Admiralty Board) the executive department of the British Ministry of Defence formerly responsible for the administration and planning of the british Royal Navy 3. the Dardanelles campaign:(Feb. 1915 to Jan. 1916) a concerted military campaign against Turkey waged by Britain and France, which Winston Churchill had favored. The campaign, which had been expected to be a risky yet promising one, ended in the arduous retreat of British forces with a casualty of 213, 980 men and heavy loss and damage to warships. The losing campaign led to winston Churchills removal from the Admiralty Language points 1. My father. began his love affair with painting in his 40s, amid disastrous circumstances My father. developed a great liking for painting when he was over forty years old, a time when things were extremely unfavorable for him.我的父亲温斯顿·丘吉尔是在40几岁开始 迷恋上绘画的,当时他正身处逆境 love affair--romance between two people who love each other but who are not married to each other; great enthusiasm or liking( for sth)恋爱;强烈的爱好 e.g. The girl's love affair with the old man worries her parents She started her love affair with ballet when she was only eight anid-prep. in the middle of, among在之中 Something is, or happens, amid or amidst a lot of other things, when they are, or are happening, all around it e.g. The government collapsed amid budget(FisT)quarrels The debate took place amid a mood of growing political tension Amidst the trees stood a statue of the goddess Diana circumstances--n. (pl)conditions of a situation which have an effect on what is done or on e.g. Even under the most favorable circumstances this isn,'t easy In some circumstances it may be necessary for the managing director to come here in 2. As First Lord of the Admiralty in 1915, he had been deeply involved in a campaign in the
１ Unit 1 Text A Winston Churchill --- His Other Life Text-related Information 1. Winston Churchill: a British Conservative statesman, orator, and writer, was noted for his leadership during World War II. He held various posts under both Conservative and Liberal governments, including First Lord of the Admiralty (1911-1915, 1939-1940), and Chancellor of the Exchequer (财政大臣) (1924 -1929) before becoming Prime Minister (1940-1945, 1951-1956). His writings include The World Crisis (1923 -1929), The Second World War (1948 -1953), and A History of the English-Speaking Peoples (1956 -1958). He won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953. 温斯顿·丘吉尔(1874—1965,英国保守党政治家、首相[1940—1945, 1951—1955]、作 家) 2. the Admiralty: (or the Admiralty Board) the executive department of the British Ministry of Defence formerly responsible for the administration and planning of the British Royal Navy. 3. the Dardanelles campaign: (Feb. 1915 to Jan. 1916) a concerted military campaign against Turkey waged by Britain and France, which Winston Churchill had favored. The campaign, which had been expected to be a risky yet promising one, ended in the arduous retreat of British forces with a casualty of 213,980 men and heavy loss and damage to warships. The losing campaign led to Winston Churchill's removal from the Admiralty. Language Points Para 1 1. My father ... began his love affair with painting in his 40s, amid disastrous circumstances: My father ... developed a great liking for painting when he was over forty years old, a time when things were extremely unfavorable for him. 我的父亲温斯顿·丘吉尔是在 40 几岁开始 迷恋上绘画的，当时他正身处逆境 love affair -- romance between two people who love each other but who are not married to each other; great enthusiasm or liking (for sth.) 恋爱; 强烈的爱好 e.g. The girl's love affair with the old man worries her parents. She started her love affair with ballet when she was only eight. amid -- prep. in the middle of, among 在…之中 Something is, or happens, amid or amidst a lot of other things, when they are, or are happening, all around it. e.g. The government collapsed amid budget (预算) quarrels. The debate took place amid a mood of growing political tension. Amidst the trees stood a statue of the goddess Diana. circumstances -- n. (pl.) conditions of a situation which have an effect on what is done or on the way something is done e.g. Even under the most favorable circumstances this isn't easy. In some circumstances it may be necessary for the managing director to come here in person. 2. As First Lord of the Admiralty in 1915, he had been deeply involved in a campaign in the
Dardanelles..: As the principal officer of the Admiralty board, he had taken a significant part in a series of battles in the dardanelles他深深地卷入了达达尼尔海峡的一场战役 campaign--n. 1)a series of planned military actions bi 2)a planned series of activities, esp. in politics and business icj e.g. A bombing campaign was conducted against military targets in Iraq They have planned an all-out campaign to storm the enemy stronghold The company is going to launch a sales campaign for their new product Our campaign against smoking is supported by the medical profession 3.. that could have shortened the course of a bloody world war: ..which, if victorious, could have brought a quick end to the cruel World WarⅠ.原本那次战役是能够缩短一场血腥的世 界大战的 Some people in the Allies had believed that the Dardanelles campaign would be victorious nd would bring a quick end to World War l, but, unfortunately, the campaign failed 4. But when the missions failed,. Churchill paid the price, both publicly and privatel: But the campaign was lost,. and Churchill suffered for its loss, both as a government officer and as an ordinary person.但它却失败了,人员伤亡惨重,为此丘吉尔作为公务员和个人都付出 了代价 mIssion--1)(usu. military) duty or purpose for which people are sent somewhere[常指军事] 任务 2)天职,使命 A mission is an especially important job that someone is sent somewhere to do e.g. He was immediately sent to Paris. His mission was to negotiate a cease-fire He was on a dangerous mission behind the enemy lines. He was sent to Washington on a diplomatic mission.他被派往华盛顿,负有外交使命。 pay the price: experience sth. unpleasant because one has done sth. wrong, made a mistake, etc. 付出代价 e.g. We paid a heavy price for the victory, for we lost 10,000 soldiers This is a small price to pay for independence This is the price we must pay for a free press(新闻自由) 5. He was removed from the admiralty and lost his position of political influence: He was dismissed from his position as First Lord of the Admiralty board and lost his powerful position in the government他被免去了海军部的职务,失去了显赫的政治地位 influence--n. power to control or affect by the use of position, wealth, etc e.g. Thanks to his father's influence he was able to get the job a man of great influence很有势力的人 Translation No 8: That official was removed from office for being involved in a political scandal. Had he nown this would happen, he might have acted differently 1. Overwhelmed by the disaster:被这一不幸压垮 overwhelm--vt. make(sb. feel completely helpless, astonished, or embarrassed; overpower the thoughts, emotions, e.g. He was overwhelmed by the intensity of her love
２ Dardanelles ... : As the principal officer of the Admiralty Board, he had taken a significant part in a series of battles in the Dardanelles ... 他深深地卷入了达达尼尔海峡的一场战役 campaign --n. 1) a series of planned military actions 战役 2) a planned series of activities, esp. in politics and business 运动 e.g. A bombing campaign was conducted against military targets in Iraq. They have planned an all-out campaign to storm the enemy stronghold. The company is going to launch a sales campaign for their new product. Our campaign against smoking is supported by the medical profession. 3. ... that could have shortened the course of a bloody world war.: ... which, if victorious, could have brought a quick end to the cruel World War I. 原本那次战役是能够缩短一场血腥的世 界大战的 Some people in the Allies had believed that the Dardanelles campaign would be victorious and would bring a quick end to World War I, but, unfortunately, the campaign failed. 4. But when the missions failed, ... Churchill paid the price, both publicly and privatel: But the campaign was lost, ... and Churchill suffered for its loss, both as a government officer and as an ordinary person. 但它却失败了，人员伤亡惨重，为此丘吉尔作为公务员和个人都付出 了代价 mission -- 1) (usu. military) duty or purpose for which people are sent somewhere ［常指军事］ 任务 2) 天职，使命 A mission is an especially important job that someone is sent somewhere to do. e.g. He was immediately sent to Paris. His mission was to negotiate a cease-fire. He was on a dangerous mission behind the enemy lines. He was sent to Washington on a diplomatic mission. 他被派往华盛顿，负有外交使命。 pay the price: experience sth. unpleasant because one has done sth. wrong, made a mistake, etc. 付出代价 e.g. We paid a heavy price for the victory, for we lost 10,000 soldiers. This is a small price to pay for independence. This is the price we must pay for a free press (新闻自由). 5. He was removed from the admiralty and lost his position of political influence: He was dismissed from his position as First Lord of the Admiralty Board and lost his powerful position in the government 他被免去了海军部的职务，失去了显赫的政治地位 influence -- n. power to control or affect by the use of position, wealth, etc. e.g. Thanks to his father's influence he was able to get the job. a man of great influence 很有势力的人 Translation: No.8: That official was removed from office for being involved in a political scandal. Had he known this would happen, he might have acted differently. Para.2 1. Overwhelmed by the disaster: 被这一不幸压垮 overwhelm -- vt. make (sb.) feel completely helpless, astonished, or embarrassed; overpower the thoughts, emotions, or senses of (sb.) e.g. He was overwhelmed by the intensity of her love
be overwhelmed by grief伤心已极 At the age of forty, he was overwhelmed with work, illness and family problems Here overwhelmed is a past participial phrase. A past participial phrase, usually one of a transitive verb, can function as adverbial modifying the main verb of the sentence to indicate cause. time. condition concession. etc e.g. Greatly interested, Ben s father began to ask him how to play this computer game Given better attention, these flowers could have grown better Ask students to do ex vl 2. he retired with his family to Hoe Farm, a country retreat in Surrey: he went to Hoe Farm,a quiet place in Surrey, with his family他同家人一起退隐到萨里郡的一个乡间居处--耘锄农 retire--vi. go away; leave a group of people, so as to be on one's own e.g. He retired to his study upstairs She agreed to dance for us and retired to put on her costume The guests retired to the living room after dinner retreat-n.I) a place into which one can go for peace and safety隐居处 2)撤退;避难 e.g. a summer retreat /a weekend retreat Mike used to go alone to his comfortable retreat by the lake Enemy soldiers are now in full retreat vi. move back or leave a center of fighting or other activity撤退;退避 e.g. The attacker moved towards her and she retreated onto the balcony(aa) Attacks by enemy aircraft forced the tanks to retreat from the city 3. The muse of painting came to my rescue: The goddess of painting helped me when I was in difficulty.绘画女神拯救了我 muse--n.1)( in Greek mythology) one of the nine goddesses of poetry, musIc,etc.缪斯(希腊 神话中司文艺的九位女神之一) 2) a force or person that inspires st. to write, paint,etc.创作灵感 o/ come to the(orsb. s)rescue- help sb. when he/ she is in danger or difficulty解救某人,救 助某人 e.g. We were about to close down the business, but the bank came to our rescue I was embarrassed as I couldn,'t remember his name, fortunately Mary came to my rescue They went to the rescue of the drowning man Translation No 4: After completing her second prime ministry, she remained actively involved in political affairs. She came to the rescue several times when the government was in difficulty Para. 3 l. chance upon: meet by chance; find by chance偶然碰见;偶然发现 e.g. I chanced upon an old school-mate in the street yesterday He chanced upon the solution to that problem She chanced upon some old love letters her husband kept in the back of the drawer
３ be overwhelmed by grief 伤心已极 Fear overwhelmed me. At the age of forty, he was overwhelmed with work, illness and family problems. Here overwhelmed is a past participial phrase. A past participial phrase, usually one of a transitive verb, can function as adverbial modifying the main verb of the sentence to indicate cause, time, condition, concession, etc. e.g. Greatly interested, Ben's father began to ask him how to play this computer game. Given better attention, these flowers could have grown better. Ask students to do Ex.VII. 2. he retired with his family to Hoe Farm, a country retreat in Surrey: he went to Hoe Farm, a quiet place in Surrey, with his family 他同家人一起退隐到萨里郡的一个乡间居处----耘锄农 场 retire -- vi. go away; leave a group of people, so as to be on one's own e.g. He retired to his study upstairs. She agreed to dance for us and retired to put on her costume. The guests retired to the living room after dinner. retreat -- n. 1) a place into which one can go for peace and safety 隐居处 2) 撤退；避难 e.g. a summer retreat / a weekend retreat Mike used to go alone to his comfortable retreat by the lake. Enemy soldiers are now in full retreat. vi. move back or leave a center of fighting or other activity 撤退；退避 e.g. The attacker moved towards her and she retreated onto the balcony (阳台). Attacks by enemy aircraft forced the tanks to retreat from the city. 3. The muse of painting came to my rescue: The goddess of painting helped me when I was in difficulty. 绘画女神拯救了我 muse -- n. 1) (in Greek mythology) one of the nine goddesses of poetry, music, etc. 缪斯（希腊 神话中司文艺的九位女神之一） 2) a force or person that inspires sb. to write, paint, etc. 创作灵感 go/come to the (or sb.’s) rescue -- help sb. when he/she is in danger or difficulty 解救某人，救 助某人 e.g. We were about to close down the business, but the bank came to our rescue. I was embarrassed as I couldn't remember his name; fortunately Mary came to my rescue. They went to the rescue of the drowning man. Translation: No.4: After completing her second prime ministry, she remained actively involved in political affairs. She came to the rescue several times when the government was in difficulty. Para.3 1. chance upon: meet by chance; find by chance 偶然碰见；偶然发现 e.g. I chanced upon an old school-mate in the street yesterday. He chanced upon the solution to that problem. She chanced upon some old love letters her husband kept in the back of the drawer
2. try one's hand(at/doing sth. attempt(to do sth ) esp for the first time it e.g. After she lost her job, she thought she'd try her hand at writing a novel I tried my hand at roller- skating(旱冰运动) last weekend and found it was much fun 3. the muse worked her magic: the goddess(of painting) had a charming effect; the art of painting fascinated him缪斯女神施展了她的魔法 fect; bring ab e.g. work wonders创造奇迹 work a change发生变化 Translation 1. After his failure in the election campaign, Dr. Smith retired to a small village, where he tried his hand at farming 1. Delighted with anything that distracted winston from the dark thoughts that overwhelmed him,.: Feeling happy that painting or whatever turned Winston,'s attention away from his extremely unpleasant thoughts任何能让沉浸在忧思中的温斯顿分心的事情都 让克莱门泰因高兴 distract-w.t.(fom)take( one's mind,sb.) off sth.转移(注意力);使转移注意力 eg. The noise in the street distracted me from my reading.街上的嘈杂声使我不能专心读书 My attentions are distracted from my study.我读书的注意力分散了。 2. rush off-- leave or go away quickly Para. 5 1. painting in oils: using oil to paint oils--oil colors; oil paints 2. He contemplated the blank whiteness of his first canvas with unaccustomed nervousness He looked thoughtfully at the unmarked white new canvas on which he was going to paint the first time in his life with a nervous feeling that was unusual for him.他凝视着他的第一块空 白画布,异乎寻常地紧张 contemplate--vt. look at in a serious or quiet way, often for some time(默默地)注视,凝视 e.g. She lay back on the grass to contemplate the high, blue sky. The afternoon passed by as he contemplated the waves at the seashore Para 1. and with infinite precaution made a mark .on the snow-white field and with utmost care(D) touched and left a very small mark on the snow- white surface of the canvas小心翼翼地在雪白 的底子上画上蚕豆般大小的一笔 precaution--n.l) carefulness防备,预防 2) an action taken to avoid sth. dangerous or unpleasant预防措施 e.g. to take precautions against diseases预防疾病的措施 Wearing a hat is a sensible precaution in hot summer He took the precaution of locking his door when he went out.当他外出的时候谨慎地锁 上门
４ 2. try one’s hand (at/doing sth.): attempt (to do sth.), esp. for the first time 尝试 e.g. After she lost her job, she thought she'd try her hand at writing a novel. I tried my hand at roller-skating (旱冰运动) last weekend and found it was much fun. He tried his hand at repairing the bicycle, but without much success. 3. the muse worked her magic: the goddess (of painting) had a charming effect; the art of painting fascinated him 缪斯女神施展了她的魔法 work -- cause or effect; bring about e.g. work wonders 创造奇迹 work a change 发生变化 Translation: 1. After his failure in the election campaign, Dr. Smith retired to a small village, where he tried his hand at farming. Para.4 1. Delighted with anything that distracted Winston from the dark thoughts that overwhelmed him, ...: Feeling happy that painting or whatever turned Winston's attention away from his extremely unpleasant thoughts, ... 任何能让沉浸在忧思中的温斯顿分心的事情都 让克莱门泰因高兴 distract -- v. vt. (from) take (one's mind, sb.) off sth. 转移（注意力）; 使转移注意力 e.g. The noise in the street distracted me from my reading. 街上的嘈杂声使我不能专心读书。 My attentions are distracted from my study. 我读书的注意力分散了。 2. rush off -- leave or go away quickly Para.5 1. painting in oils: using oil to paint oils -- oil colors; oil paints 2. He contemplated the blank whiteness of his first canvas with unaccustomed nervousness: He looked thoughtfully at the unmarked white new canvas on which he was going to paint the first time in his life with a nervous feeling that was unusual for him. 他凝视着他的第一块空 白画布，异乎寻常地紧张 contemplate -- vt. look at in a serious or quiet way, often for some time（默默地）注视，凝视 e.g. She lay back on the grass to contemplate the high, blue sky. The afternoon passed by as he contemplated the waves at the seashore. Para.6 1.and with infinite precaution made a mark ... on the snow-white field: and with utmost care (I) touched and left a very small mark on the snow-white surface of the canvas 小心翼翼地在雪白 的底子上画上蚕豆般大小的一笔 precaution -- n. 1) carefulness 防备，预防 2) an action taken to avoid sth. dangerous or unpleasant 预防措施 e.g. to take precautions against diseases 预防疾病的措施 Wearing a hat is a sensible precaution in hot summer. He took the precaution of locking his door when he went out. 当他外出的时候谨慎地锁 上门
As a precaution I had taken two sea sickness tablets(晕船药片) field--n. surface on which something is drawn; background 2. drive--n a private road that leads from the road to one,s garage or front door =iE 3. panic-n. a sudder, overpowering terror, often affecting many people at once惊慌;恐慌 e.g. be in a panic在惊慌中 起恐慌 Para. 7 1. She plunged into the paints and before I knew it, she had swept several fierce strokes and slashes of blue on the absolutely terrified canvas: She pushed the brush quickly into the paints and in a moment she had made a number of forceful touches and blue lines on the canvas, which seemed to be completely overpowered by her attacks.她猛地用笔蘸起颜料,还没等我 缓过神来,她已经挥笔泼墨在惊恐不已的画布上画下了有力的几道蓝色 The word“ terrified' used before“ canvas” is a transferred epithet(修饰语). Normally it modifies an animated being but "canvas'"in this context was seen as an enemy by Churchill who had been a Navy commander, which was something that had feelings plunge into- begin to do sth. suddenly, enter without hesitation突然或仓促地开始某事;突 然冲入 e.g. She plunged bravely into the debate He plunged into the water to save the child.他跳入水中救小孩。 plunge a country into war使一个国家陷入战争 plunge a room into darkness使一房间陷于黑暗中 lunge sb. into deep sorrow.使某人陷入深深的悲痛之中 before sb. knows it- before one has time to consider the course of events转眼之间,瞬息之 间 e.g. We'd better set off or it will be dark before we know it I was taken up to the top floor in the lift before I knew it stroke --n. a movement of a pen or brush or a line made by such a movement when one is 笔,一划 e.g. She began to paint with bold strokes The paper was covered in illegible(难以辨认的) strokes 2. Anyone could see it could not hit back: Obviously the canvas was under the absolute control of the wife of Sir John Lavery.谁都看得出画布无法回击 3. I. fell upon my wretched victim with wild fury: I began to paint on my canvas with great force迅猛异常地向我可怜的牺牲品扑了过去 A wretched victim is an unfortunate person who suffers as a result of unpleasant actions or circumstances, such as one killed in a war. Churchill compared his efforts in learning painting to attacks in a battle and thought of the canvas as his wretched victim fall upon- attack fiercely猛攻,猛扑 e.g. Terrorists were falling upon men and women in the street The robbers fell on him from behind the trees The gang fell on their rivals with knives and chains fury-n.l) a wildly excited state(of feeling or activity)狂热;激烈 2)(a state of)very 狂怒
５ As a precaution I had taken two sea sickness tablets (晕船药片). field -- n. surface on which something is drawn; background 2. drive -- n. a private road that leads from the road to one's garage or front door 车道 3. panic – n. a sudden, overpowering terror, often affecting many people at once 惊慌；恐慌 e.g. be in a panic 在惊慌中 cause a panic 引起恐慌 Para.7 1. She plunged into the paints and before I knew it, she had swept several fierce strokes and slashes of blue on the absolutely terrified canvas: She pushed the brush quickly into the paints and in a moment she had made a number of forceful touches and blue lines on the canvas, which seemed to be completely overpowered by her attacks. 她猛地用笔蘸起颜料，还没等我 缓过神来，她已经挥笔泼墨在惊恐不已的画布上画下了有力的几道蓝色 The word “terrified” used before “canvas” is a transferred epithet (修饰语). Normally it modifies an animated being, but “canvas” in this context was seen as an enemy by Churchill who had been a Navy commander, which was something that had feelings. plunge into -- begin to do sth. suddenly; enter without hesitation 突然或仓促地开始某事；突 然冲入 e.g. She plunged bravely into the debate. He plunged into the water to save the child. 他跳入水中救小孩。 plunge a country into war 使一个国家陷入战争 plunge a room into darkness 使一房间陷于黑暗中 plunge sb. into deep sorrow. 使某人陷入深深的悲痛之中 before sb. knows it -- before one has time to consider the course of events 转眼之间，瞬息之 间 e.g. We'd better set off or it will be dark before we know it. I was taken up to the top floor in the lift before I knew it. stroke -- n. a movement of a pen or brush or a line made by such a movement when one is writing or painting 一笔，一划 e.g. She began to paint with bold strokes. The paper was covered in illegible (难以辨认的) strokes. 2. Anyone could see it could not hit back: Obviously the canvas was under the absolute control of the wife of Sir John Lavery. 谁都看得出画布无法回击 3. I ... fell upon my wretched victim with wild fury: I ... began to paint on my canvas with great force 迅猛异常地向我可怜的牺牲品扑了过去 A wretched victim is an unfortunate person who suffers as a result of unpleasant actions or circumstances, such as one killed in a war. Churchill compared his efforts in learning painting to attacks in a battle and thought of the canvas as his wretched victim. fall upon -- attack fiercely 猛攻，猛扑 e.g. Terrorists were falling upon men and women in the street. The robbers fell on him from behind the trees. The gang fell on their rivals with knives and chains. fury -- n. 1) a wildly excited state (of feeling or activity) 狂热；激烈 2) (a state of) very great anger 狂怒