Unit 10 Section a I Background Information 1. World War lI also called the Second World War, was a conflict that involved virtually every part of the world during the years 1939-1945. The principal parties were the Axis powers( #tC E) ermany, Italy, and Japan- and the Allies( a H E)-France, Great Britain, the United States the Soviet Union and China. The war was in many respects a continuation of the conflicts left unsettled by World War I. The 40-50 million deaths in World War II make it the bloodiest conflict as well as the largest war in history 2. Columbia Broadcasting System(CBS) in the late 1920s. William Paley put money into the Columbia Broadcasting System, which was then a small, struggling radio network, in 1928. In 1974 it adopted the name CBS, Inc. In 1995 CBS, Inc. was bought by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation, which changed the name in 1997 to the CBs Corporation. The main offices are in New York City 3. Home Guard is usually a military organization of citizens with limited military training for emergency service, usually for local defense. During World War ll the Home Guard was established in the U.K. Marshal Goering was born in Bavaria. Trained for an army career, Goering received his assignment in 1912 and served with distinction during World War I. Later, Goering met Adolf Hitler and joined the small National Socialist German Workers'(Nazi) Party in 1922. Since then, Goering worked tirelessly as Hitler's most loyal supporter. He was Reich official for air fighters and head of the newly developed Luftwaffe( German air force). He had, at one time been responsible for the Gestapo and the concentration camp Goering was the most popular of the Nazi leaders, not only with the German people but also with the representatives and agents of foreign powers. But he was shamed when the luftwaffe failed to win the battle of Britain or prevent the Allied bombing of Germany. After Hitler's suicide. he surrendered himself to the americans. he was sentenced to be hanged but instead he drank some poison and died in his prison room at Nurnberg the night he was given his death sentence. To find out more about him, check out his biography at 4. Royal Air Force(RAF is the youngest of the three British armed services, charged with the air defense of the United Kingdom and fulfillment of international defense commitments. At the beginning of World War II in September 1939, the first-line strength of the RAF in the United Kingdom was about 2,000 airplanes. The raf fighter pilots, however, distinguished themselves during the Battle of Britain in the early stages of the war against the many more German Luftwaffe 5. The Allied Nations The main countries involved in World War II were the Axis powers-Germany Japan-and the Allies(the Allied Nations)-France, Great Britain, the United States Union and China. The war ended with the victory being won by the allied nations in For more information about the Axis and the Allies, check out the web sites listed in Entry I of this Section
Unit 10 Section A I. Background Information 1. World War II, also called the Second World War, was a conflict that involved virtually every part of the world during the years 1939-1945. The principal parties were the Axis powers( 轴 心 国 ) - Germany, Italy, and Japan - and the Allies(同盟国) - France, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union and China. The war was in many respects a continuation of the conflicts left unsettled by World War I. The 40-50 million deaths in World War II make it the bloodiest conflict as well as the largest war in history. 2. Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) in the late 1920s. William Paley put money into the Columbia Broadcasting System, which was then a small, struggling radio network, in 1928. In 1974 it adopted the name CBS, Inc. In 1995 CBS, Inc. was bought by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation, which changed the name in 1997 to the CBS Corporation. The main offices are in New York City. 3. Home Guard is usually a military organization of citizens with limited military training for emergency service, usually for local defense. During World War II the Home Guard was established in the U.K. Marshal Goering was born in Bavaria. Trained for an army career, Goering received his assignment in 1912 and served with distinction during World War I. Later, Goering met Adolf Hitler and joined the small National Socialist German Workers’ (Nazi) Party in 1922. Since then, Goering worked tirelessly as Hitler’s most loyal supporter. He was Reich official for air fighters and head of the newly developed Luftwaffe (German air force). He had, at one time, been responsible for the Gestapo and the concentration camps. Goering was the most popular of the Nazi leaders, not only with the German people but also with the representatives and agents of foreign powers. But he was shamed when the Luftwaffe failed to win the battle of Britain or prevent the Allied bombing of Germany. After Hitler’s suicide, he surrendered himself to the Americans. He was sentenced to be hanged, but instead he drank some poison and died in his prison room at Nurnberg the night he was given his death sentence. To find out more about him, check out his biography at 4. Royal Air Force (RAF) is the youngest of the three British armed services, charged with the air defense of the United Kingdom and fulfillment of international defense commitments. At the beginning of World War II in September 1939, the first-line strength of the RAF in the United Kingdom was about 2,000 airplanes. The RAF fighter pilots, however, distinguished themselves during the Battle of Britain in the early stages of the war against the many more German Luftwaffe. 5. The Allied Nations The main countries involved in World War II were the Axis powers - Germany, Italy, and Japan - and the Allies (the Allied Nations) - France, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union and China. The war ended with the victory being won by the allied nations in 1945. For more information about the Axis and the Allies, check out the web sites listed in Entry 1 of this Section
II. Text Analysis Main idea of the text: Through the medium of Murrows deep and steady voice, the writer happened to London under the waves of Nazi bombers. According to Hitler's logic impossible for any city to endure under such heavy raids, for he had dealt effectively with Rotterdam and Warsaw as he did with London. But London, with her people pulling together and putting up a stiff resistance, endured and continued to be there Structure: Part I(Para. 1-2 Idea: Night after night, in the hot summer and early fall of 1940, Murrow, as a reporter of the CBS, told of Englands battle for survival under German bombs, with his voice conveying a feeling of belief that London would be there Devices for developing it: Description(描写法) The author gives a vivid description of Murrows voice in order to show his belief that londot uld not be destroyed, no matter what it had to endure Para. 1..a deep, steady voice came over... from.. to.,, telling of Englands battle for survival under the waves of German bombers. This strong and steady voice,., belonged to Edward R. Murrow Para. 2: "This is London, "said Murrow, while the bombs fell and flames spread on the streets of the city. His voice had a tone of sorrow for., and a tone of confidence, too-a feeling of belief that London would be there Part II (Para.3-9) Idea: In Hitler's eyes, it seemed impossible for any city to endure with the crash of his bombs everywhere and the whole city in war flames, as he had captured Warsaw and Rotterdam this way. But the city of london endured and carried on the business of life as usual Devices for developing i: Deduction(演绎法) Comparison and Contrast(对比法) Deduction(演绎法) In his article, the author often starts with a general statement and then supports his statement with specific details. Now fill in the blanks with the information derived from Paras. 6 and 7 A general statement: The hardships of london really started in the first week of Sept, when Hitler was at last convinced that the english did not intend to give Details of hardships for London: 1. Sept. 7, 1940, nearly 400 German bombers hammered the city with bombs 2. Marshal Goering boasted. "This is the historic hour when our air force for the first time delivered its bombs right into the enemy's heart 3. Fires burned, houses fell, gas pipes burst, and dark smoke rose from the streets 4. All the people of the city felt the effect of the bombs 5. Radar sirens wailed, ambulances rushed from one place of agony to another, and fire fighters faced the flames hour after hour Now have a look at Para. 9 to find out how the general statement is supported by specific details. and then fill in the blanks A general statement: But the city endured
II. Text Analysis Main idea of the text: Through the medium of Murrow’s deep and steady voice, the writer reports about what happened to London under the waves of Nazi bombers. According to Hitler’s logic, it seemed impossible for any city to endure under such heavy raids, for he had dealt effectively with Rotterdam and Warsaw as he did with London. But London, with her people pulling together and putting up a stiff resistance, endured and continued to be there. Structure: Part I (Para.1-2) Idea: Night after night, in the hot summer and early fall of 1940, Murrow, as a reporter of the CBS, told of England’s battle for survival under German bombs, with his voice conveying a feeling of belief that London would be there. Devices for developing it: Description (描写法) The author gives a vivid description of Murrow’s voice in order to show his belief that London would not be destroyed, no matter what it had to endure: Para.1… a deep, steady voice came over… from… to…, telling of England’s battle for survival under the waves of German bombers. This strong and steady voice,…, belonged to Edward R. Murrow,… Para. 2: “This is London,”said Murrow, while the bombs fell and flames spread on the streets of the city. His voice had a tone of sorrow for…, and a tone of confidence, too—a feeling of belief that London would be there… Part II (Para.3-9) Idea: In Hitler’s eyes, it seemed impossible for any city to endure with the crash of his bombs everywhere and the whole city in war flames, as he had captured Warsaw and Rotterdam this way. But the city of London endured and carried on the business of life as usual. Devices for developing it: Deduction (演绎法) Comparison and Contrast (对比法) 1. Deduction (演绎法) In his article, the author often starts with a general statement and then supports his statement with specific details. Now fill in the blanks with the information derived from Paras. 6 and 7 A general statement: The hardships of London really started in the first week of Sept., when Hitler was at last convinced that the English did not intend to give Details of hardships for London: 1. Sept. 7, 1940, nearly 400 German bombers hammered the city with bombs 2. Marshal Goering boasted, “This is the historic hour when our air force for the first time delivered its bombs right into the enemy’s heart.” 3. Fires burned, houses fell, gas pipes burst, and dark smoke rose from the streets. 4. All the people of the city felt the effect of the bombs. 5. Radar sirens wailed，ambulances rushed from one place of agony to another, and fire fighters faced the flames hour after hour. Now have a look at Para. 9 to find out how the general statement is supported by specific details, and then fill in the blanks. A general statement: But the city endured
Details of how the city endured: 1. Trains brought commuters in from the suburbs 2. Buses bumped along the streets 3. The fires were brought under control 4. Bottles of dairy milk arrived in door ways, and women took them in, as though the war were a thousand miles away 5. Newspapers appeared and people bought them, hurrying to work and reading reports of the Comparison and Contrast(对比法) The author employs the technique of comparison and contrast between and within paragraphs Details of how the technique is employed in this part Para. 3: The German bombers cast dark shadows over the white cliffs of Dover, while Englands Home Guard prepared to fight on the beaches, on the cliffs, and in the hills, until the last Englishman died or the invaders were driven off Paras. 4&5: Hitler believed that when London became a burned city like.... England would surrender, But the English were more fortunate than . They had the english Channel as a barrier against the Nazi ground forces, and they had raf to battle the nazis in the sky Paras. 8&9: It seemed impossible for any city to take as much punishment as mentioned in Para. 7 and continue to endure. It seemed impossible for the people of the city to do their daily jobs, to work and eat and sleep and carry on the business of life, with the crash of bombs all around them and planes spitting fire in the skies above. But the city endured. Trains brought commuters in from the suburbs. Buses bumped along the streets. The fires were brought under control Part III (Para. 10-1D) Idea: When Murrow reported about the battle, his voice sounded heroic and conveyed the truth of the city's existence. For he knew all the people of the city had integrated their resolution into their own duties Devices for developing it: Deduction(演绎法) Main idea: When he said"This is London", he simply voiced the quiet truth of the city's Evidence: Murrow knew that Britains fate depended upon the resolution of all the people those watching for fire on the roofs( Para. 11); the handful of pilots who reached the limits of exhaustion and went beyond those limits still fighting( Para. 12); those who could not smash the enemy planes but dug quickly to rescue their friends buried underneath the wreckage; and those who had to take whatever the enemy threw at them and still stood firm Part IV(Para 12-20 Idea: In his broadcast on Oct. 1, 1940, Murrow declared: "Mark it down that whichever politics system best provides for the defense and decency of the little man will win. His projection of the battle proved to be accurate Devices for developing it: Quotation(引盲法) The author adopts quotations from Murrow to present his own viewpoints In a broadcast on October 1, 1940, Murrow declared:"Mark it down that these people both brave and patient, that all are equal under the bomb, that this is a war of speed
Details of how the city endured: 1. Trains brought commuters in from the suburbs 2. Buses bumped along the streets 3. The fires were brought under control 4. Bottles of dairy milk arrived in door ways, and women took them in, as though the war were a thousand miles away 5.Newspapers appeared and people bought them, hurrying to work and reading reports of the battle raging over London Comparison and Contrast (对比法) The author employs the technique of comparison and contrast between and within paragraphs: Details of how the technique is employed in this part: Para. 3: The German bombers cast dark shadows over the white cliffs of Dover, while England’s Home Guard prepared to fight on the beaches, on the cliffs, and in the hills, until the last Englishman died or the invaders were driven off. Paras.4&5: Hitler believed that when London became a burned city like…, England would surrender. But the English were more fortunate than…. They had the English Channel as a barrier against the Nazi ground forces, and they had RAF to battle the Nazis in the sky. Paras.8&9: It seemed impossible for any city to take as much punishment as mentioned in Para. 7 and continue to endure. It seemed impossible for the people of the city to do their daily jobs, to work and eat and sleep and carry on the business of life, with the crash of bombs all around them and planes spitting fire in the skies above. But the city endured. Trains brought commuters in from the suburbs. Buses bumped along the streets. The fires were brought under control … Part III (Para.10-11) Idea: When Murrow reported about the battle, his voice sounded heroic and conveyed the truth of the city’s existence. For he knew all the people of the city had integrated their resolution into their own duties. Devices for developing it: Deduction (演绎法) Main idea: When he said “This is London”, he simply voiced the quiet truth of the city’s existence. (Para. 10) Evidence: Murrow knew that Britain’s fate depended upon the resolution of all the people ---those watching for fire on the roofs(Para. 11); the handful of pilots who reached the limits of exhaustion and went beyond those limits still fighting(Para. 12); those who could not smash the enemy planes but dug quickly to rescue their friends buried underneath the wreckage ; and those who had to take whatever the enemy threw at them and still stood firm (Paras13). Part IV (Para12-20) Idea: In his broadcast on Oct. 1, 1940, Murrow declared: “Mark it down that whichever political system best provides for the defense and decency of the little man will win.” His projection of the battle proved to be accurate. Devices for developing it: Quotation (引言法) The author adopts quotations from Murrow to present his own viewpoints: In a broadcast on October 1, 1940, Murrow declared: “Mark it down that these people are both brave and patient, that all are equal under the bomb, that this is a war of speed and
organization, and that whichever political system best provides for the defense and decency of the little man will win. " (Para. 14) II. Lai ints 1. bomb n [ C] a weapon that explodes and is used to kill or hurt people or to damage buildings 炸弹,爆炸装置 During the Second World War, the British dropped a huge number of bombs on Dresden. -i 期间英国将大量的炸弹投向德累斯顿城。 a bomb had been planted near the police station.有人在警察局附近安放了一枚炸弹。 vt attack sb./sth. with bombs; drop bombs on轰炸,投弹 London was heavily bombed during the Second World War.二战期间伦敦遭到猛烈轰炸 The building was completely bombed out这座大楼被彻底炸毁了。 2. survival n.1.四] state of continuing to live or exist, surviving幸存,残存 the survival of the fittest适者生存 The doctors told my wife that I had a50/50 chance of survival.医生告诉我妻子说我有50% 的机会活下来 2. [C] a person, thing, custom, belief, etc. that has survived from an earlier time 残存的人(物、风俗、信仰) That fashion is a survival from the1980s那种时装是20世纪80年代的遗风 3. sorrow n. 1.[U] feeling of sadness caused by loss, disappointment, regret, or grief E, L 哀,悔恨 The sorrow she felt over the death of her husband was almost too much to bear.她简直难以承 受这失夫之痛 2. C] a particular cause of sorrow悲伤的原因,不幸 The sorrows of her earlier years gave way to joy in later life.她早年的伤心已为晚年的快乐 所取代。 4. endure v.bear(pain, suffering,etc.) calmly for a long time经受,忍受,容忍 We had to endure a nine- hour delay at the airport.我们不得不在机场忍受航班9个小时的延 误 He endured three years in prison for his political beliefs.他因政治信仰遭受了三年监禁 5. raid n.1.[C] a sudden surprise attack by armed forces突袭,袭击 The air force has carried out a low-level bombing raid.空军实施了一次低空轰炸袭击 We made a raid on the enemy.我们对敌人发起了突袭 2.(C] a sudden surprise attack in order to steal or do harm(为偷袭或伤害别人而进 行的)突袭,抢劫 A security guard was killed in the bank raid.在这次银行抢劫案中有一名警卫被杀害了 Two robbers staged a dawn raid on a restaurant in Western Street.两名抢劫犯凌晨对西街的 一家饭店进行了抢劫 Ⅴt. make a raid on..突袭,袭击 The soldiers raided the enemy camp.这些战士袭击了敌人营地 The post office was raided late at night.深夜邮局遭到了袭击 6. channel n. 1. [C] a part of river or other body of water which allows ships to travel along passage for water or other fluids to flow along航道,海峡;沟渠
organization, and that whichever political system best provides for the defense and decency of the little man will win.” (Para. 14) III. Language points 1. bomb n. [C] a weapon that explodes and is used to kill or hurt people or to damage buildings 炸弹，爆炸装置 During the Second World War, the British dropped a huge number of bombs on Dresden. 二战 期间英国将大量的炸弹投向德累斯顿城。 A bomb had been planted near the police station. 有人在警察局附近安放了一枚炸弹。 vt. attack sb. / sth. with bombs; drop bombs on 轰炸，投弹 London was heavily bombed during the Second World War. 二战期间伦敦遭到猛烈轰炸。 The building was completely bombed out. 这座大楼被彻底炸毁了。 2. survival n. 1. [U] state of continuing to live or exist; surviving 幸存，残存 the survival of the fittest 适者生存 The doctors told my wife that I had a 50/50 chance of survival. 医生告诉我妻子说我有 50% 的机会活下来。 2.[C] a person, thing, custom, belief, etc. that has survived from an earlier time 残存的人（物、风俗、信仰） That fashion is a survival from the 1980s.那种时装是 20 世纪 80 年代的遗风。 3. sorrow n. 1. [U] feeling of sadness caused by loss, disappointment, regret, or grief 悲伤，悲 哀，悔恨 The sorrow she felt over the death of her husband was almost too much to bear. 她简直难以承 受这失夫之痛。 2. [C] a particular cause of sorrow 悲伤的原因，不幸 The sorrows of her earlier years gave way to joy in later life. 她早年的伤心已为晚年的快乐 所取代。 4. endure v. bear (pain, suffering, etc.) calmly for a long time 经受，忍受，容忍 We had to endure a nine-hour delay at the airport. 我们不得不在机场忍受航班 9 个小时的延 误。 He endured three years in prison for his political beliefs. 他因政治信仰遭受了三年监禁。 5. raid n. 1. [C] a sudden surprise attack by armed forces 突袭，袭击 The air force has carried out a low-level bombing raid. 空军实施了一次低空轰炸袭击。 We made a raid on the enemy. 我们对敌人发起了突袭。 2. [C] a sudden surprise attack in order to steal or do harm （为偷袭或伤害别人而进 行的）突袭，抢劫 A security guard was killed in the bank raid. 在这次银行抢劫案中有一名警卫被杀害了。 Two robbers staged a dawn raid on a restaurant in Western Street. 两名抢劫犯凌晨对西街的 一家饭店进行了抢劫。 vt. make a raid on … 突袭，袭击 The soldiers raided the enemy camp. 这些战士袭击了敌人营地。 The post office was raided late at night. 深夜邮局遭到了袭击。 6. channel n. 1. [C] a part of river or other body of water which allows ships to travel along; a passage for water or other fluids to flow along 航道,海峡；沟渠
the English Channel英吉利海峡 We tried digging a channel to lower the water level but that didn t work.我们试着挖了一道沟 渠以降低水位,可是没用 2.[C]( the shows broadcast on) a particular television station电视频道 Shall we watch the news on channel4?我们看4频道的新闻好吗? She turned to the sports channel to watch the football match.她调到体育频道看足球赛 3.C] a way of giving, directing or communicating sth.途径,渠道 One difficulty in the present situation of the two countries is the lack of a proper channel of communication.两国关系现状的一个难题是缺乏适当的沟通渠道。 In his work, he found a channel for all his energy.他在工作中找到了释放自己精力的渠道 7. cast vt.1.put, cause or direct( a look,. thought, feeling or opinion)投射(目光),将(思想、 感情)加于 Some doubt has been cast on the future of the business有人表示了对公司前景的疑虑 Her arrival cast a shadow over the party.她的到来给晚会投下了不愉快的阴影 throw with force投,掷,抛 He cast the line to the middle of the river.他将钩鱼线抛到了河的中央。 n.1.[C] all the actors in a play,etc.(影、剧)全体演员 After the final performance, the director held a party for the cast.在最后一次演出以后,导演 为全体演员举行了一个晚会 Part of the films success lies in the strength of the supporting cast.影片的成功部分在于强大 的配角演员阵容。 投,掷,抛 The fisherman made another cast with the fishing net渔夫又撒了一次网。 8. invade v. 1. enter (a country or territory) with armed forces in order to attack, damage or occupy侵略(一国或领土),侵犯 Alexander the great invaded India with a large army.亚历山大大帝率大军入侵印度 Gatherings of armed forces near the border looked like they planned to invade within the next few days.部队在边境附近的集结表明入侵已是今后几天的事了。 2. enter(a place or situation in which you are not wanted or not expected to be) 闯入,侵扰 Famous people often find their privacy is invaded by the press名人们常常发现其个人隐私 受到新闻界的侵犯 The motorbikes invaded the calm of the summer afternoon.摩托车的噪声惊扰了夏日午后的 宁静, 9. invader n.C] a person or thing that invades侵略者,侵犯者,入侵者 The mountains were once the hiding place for locals escaping the endless stream of foreign invaders这些山曾是当地人躲避一批批外国入侵者的藏身之处。 Any new company is seen as an invader in an already competitive market任何一家新的公司 都被看成是对原本已充满激烈竞争的市场的入侵 10. surrender v. 1. give up or give in to the power(esp of an enemy), as a sign of defeat ttpp 自首:屈服(于) They would rather die than surrender.他们宁死不降 He surrendered to despair and finally killed himself.他陷入绝望,终于自杀 2. give sth. to sb. else because you have been forced to do so or because it is
the English Channel 英吉利海峡 We tried digging a channel to lower the water level but that didn't work. 我们试着挖了一道沟 渠以降低水位，可是没用。 2. [C] (the shows broadcast on) a particular television station 电视频道 Shall we watch the news on Channel 4? 我们看 4 频道的新闻好吗？ She turned to the sports channel to watch the football match. 她调到体育频道看足球赛。 3. [C] a way of giving, directing or communicating sth. 途径，渠道 One difficulty in the present situation of the two countries is the lack of a proper channel of communication. 两国关系现状的一个难题是缺乏适当的沟通渠道。 In his work, he found a channel for all his energy. 他在工作中找到了释放自己精力的渠道。 7. cast vt. 1. put, cause or direct (a look, thought , feeling or opinion) 投射（目光），将（思想、 感情）加于 Some doubt has been cast on the future of the business. 有人表示了对公司前景的疑虑。 Her arrival cast a shadow over the party. 她的到来给晚会投下了不愉快的阴影。 2. throw with force 投，掷，抛 He cast the line to the middle of the river. 他将钩鱼线抛到了河的中央。 n. 1. [C] all the actors in a play, etc. （影、剧）全体演员 After the final performance, the director held a party for the cast. 在最后一次演出以后，导演 为全体演员举行了一个晚会。 Part of the film's success lies in the strength of the supporting cast. 影片的成功部分在于强大 的配角演员阵容。 2. [C] an act of throwing 投，掷，抛 The fisherman made another cast with the fishing net. 渔夫又撒了一次网。 8. invade v. 1. enter (a country or territory) with armed forces in order to attack, damage or occupy 侵略（一国或领土），侵犯 Alexander the Great invaded India with a large army. 亚历山大大帝率大军入侵印度。 Gatherings of armed forces near the border looked like they planned to invade within the next few days. 部队在边境附近的集结表明入侵已是今后几天的事了。 2. enter (a place or situation in which you are not wanted or not expected to be) 闯入，侵扰 Famous people often find their privacy is invaded by the press. 名人们常常发现其个人隐私 受到新闻界的侵犯。 The motorbikes invaded the calm of the summer afternoon. 摩托车的噪声惊扰了夏日午后的 宁静。 9. invader n. [C] a person or thing that invades 侵略者，侵犯者，入侵者 The mountains were once the hiding place for locals escaping the endless stream of foreign invaders.这些山曾是当地人躲避一批批外国入侵者的藏身之处。 Any new company is seen as an invader in an already competitive market. 任何一家新的公司 都被看成是对原本已充满激烈竞争的市场的入侵。 10. surrender v. 1. give up or give in to the power (esp. of an enemy), as a sign of defeat 投降， 自首；屈服（于） They would rather die than surrender. 他们宁死不降。 He surrendered to despair and finally killed himself. 他陷入绝望，终于自杀。 2. give sth. to sb. else because you have been forced to do so or because it is