■■■ Φ Self-Access Centre for Language Learning website(University of Reading) This has more than 3 ctures given to international studentso preses courses at the university's International Study and L nguage Centre on academ and general topics;many of these are by distinguished lecturers in disciplines suc as construction management,food science,investment,psychology,finance and management.Each lecture is 35-50 minutes long and comes with transcripts and tasks,both of which can help your listening. Here is a guide to using the material effectively. Find the website by typing in the URL www.sacll.co.uk or entering"SACLL lectures Reading"into Google or another search engine. Check through the lecture list,read the brief descriptions and choose one that interests you. Click the task button for your chosen lecture to get a list of open questions about the lecture. Read the questions and check any unknown vocabulary-reading and understanding the questions will help you anticipate the lecture's content. .If necessary,do a quick Google search on the lecture topic to gain some more background knowledge.On degree courses,doing background reading before lectures is essential to full understanding. .Listen to Part 1 of the lecture.Here,the speakers typically a)introduce the topic, b)say why it is important and c)explain how they will organize the lecture. Understanding this is essential to understanding the whole lecture (see Unit2on lecture introductions). .As you listen to Part 1,answer the questions in the task. Check your answers to the questions on Part I.If you have answered these correctly you will be well placed to understand the rest of the lecture.Otherwise,it is a good idea to listen again with the answers in front of you. Listen to the rest of the lecture.You could do this in parts,but it may be better to listen to the whole lecture without pausing,as you will need to develop the stamina needed for listening to long talks, ather han the shorter extracts tha appear in this book .Ifyou found parts of the lecture particularly hard to understand,or had problem cor tly,it is worth a)look ing at the answers and listening again or b)reading the transcript while listening This can help you understand why you have misheard or misunderstood 15.2上午-36
VI Self-Access Centre for Language Learning website (University of Reading) This has more than 30 lectures given to international students on pre-sessional courses at the university’s International Study and Language Centre on academic and general topics; many of these are by distinguished lecturers in disciplines such as construction management, food science, investment, psychology, finance and management. Each lecture is 35–50 minutes long and comes with transcripts and tasks, both of which can help your listening. Here is a guide to using the material effectively. Find the website by typing in the URL www.sacll.co.uk or entering “SACLL lectures Reading” into Google or another search engine. Check through the lecture list, read the brief descriptions and choose one that interests you. Click the task button for your chosen lecture to get a list of open questions about the lecture. Read the questions and check any unknown vocabulary – reading and understanding the questions will help you anticipate the lecture’s content. If necessary, do a quick Google search on the lecture topic to gain some more background knowledge. On degree courses, doing background reading before lectures is essential to full understanding. Listen to Part 1 of the lecture. Here, the speakers typically a) introduce the topic, b) say why it is important and c) explain how they will organize the lecture. Understanding this is essential to understanding the whole lecture (see Unit 2 on lecture introductions). As you listen to Part 1, answer the questions in the task. Check your answers to the questions on Part 1. If you have answered these correctly you will be well placed to understand the rest of the lecture. Otherwise, it is a good idea to listen again with the answers in front of you. Listen to the rest of the lecture. You could do this in parts, but it may be better to listen to the whole lecture without pausing, as you will need to develop the stamina needed for listening to long talks, rather than the shorter extracts that appear in this book. If you found parts of the lecture particularly hard to understand, or had problems answering the questions correctly, it is worth a) looking at the answers and listening again or b) reading the transcript while listening. This can help you understand why you have misheard or misunderstood. U1-U3.indd 6 15-4-28 上午9:36
■ .Spoken English can be harder to understand than written English,due to things like word and sentence stress (Units 2 and 4).word boundaries (Unit 5)and weak tise is to ry short extract ofa lecture,then try to write down exactly what the speaker says.L isten several time to do this.Then check the transcript and see if you have heard correctly.This may show you why you are having problems following spoken English. TEDTalks Speakers on this interesting site include world-famous academics,writers,thinkers, medical researchers,politicians,investors,cooks,businesspeople and artists.The talks are informative,up todate and thought-pr minutes to more than an hour in ength.You wil t will help you prepare for study at a culturally diverse university. Here are some suggestions on using this website effectively. .The URLis www.ted.com,or just enter"ted talks"into a search engine. ding“Themes e.g.,Bill Gates,or the "Themes"button may offer a more interesting way to access talks-giving you a choice of talks on related topics. Each screen has a thumbnail picture of the speaker next to the title of their talk Click on a photo for a talk you think might be interesting. You will find brief information about the talk and the speaker accompanying the video. To find out more before you listen,try entering the speaker's name and some ke words from the title into a search engine.Reading before attending lectures is key to successful understanding. TED Talks also provides transcripts of the talks,which you can keep open on- screen together with the video,plus translations and subtitles in various languages However.for your first listening we recommend that you initially iust listen to the introduction and perhaps pause to check the transcript,then open the transcripts or subtitles later. .Listen to the rest of the lecture and make notes.If anything is unclear,listen again. If it is still unclear,look at that part of the transcript and listen again. Why did you not understand? Were there unknow n words? Perhaps you did not recognize the pronunciation of a word you know in written form-remember,in connected speech,pronunciation can also be affected by the 5-125
VII Spoken English can be harder to understand than written English, due to things like word and sentence stress (Units 2 and 4), word boundaries (Unit 5) and weak forms of words (Unit 6). One way to practise is to listen to a very short extract of a lecture, then try to write down exactly what the speaker says. Listen several times to do this. Then check the transcript and see if you have heard correctly. This may show you why you are having problems following spoken English. TED Talks Speakers on this interesting site include world-famous academics, writers, thinkers, medical researchers, politicians, investors, cooks, businesspeople and artists. The talks are informative, up to date and thought-provoking. They vary from three minutes to more than an hour in length. You will hear different accents that will help you prepare for study at a culturally diverse university. Here are some suggestions on using this website effectively. The URL is www.ted.com, or just enter “ted talks” into a search engine. You can access the talks in different ways. The top of the homepage has a menu including “Themes”, “Speakers”, “Talks”. You can search for a particular speaker, e.g., Bill Gates, or the “Themes” button may offer a more interesting way to access talks – giving you a choice of talks on related topics. Each screen has a thumbnail picture of the speaker next to the title of their talk. Click on a photo for a talk you think might be interesting. You will find brief information about the talk and the speaker accompanying the video. To find out more before you listen, try entering the speaker’s name and some key words from the title into a search engine. Reading before attending lectures is key to successful understanding. TED Talks also provides transcripts of the talks, which you can keep open onscreen together with the video, plus translations and subtitles in various languages. However, for your first listening we recommend that you initially just listen to the introduction and perhaps pause to check the transcript, then open the transcripts or subtitles later. Listen to the rest of the lecture and make notes. If anything is unclear, listen again. If it is still unclear, look at that part of the transcript and listen again. Why did you not understand? Were there unknown words? Perhaps you did not recognize the pronunciation of a word you know in written form – remember, in connected speech, pronunciation can also be affected by the U1-U3.indd 7 15-4-28 上午9:36
■ sounds in words before or after.Perhaps it was hard to recognize word boundaries car the and a different meaning.e.g.you might hear fair and recognize it as meaning"light- coloured"(as in fair hair),but not know it can also mean"just"(as in justice).Or, was the idea not clearly expressed or hard to understand even though you knew all the words?Understanding why you have had problems can help you listen more effectively next time. Finally,you may want to listen to the talk again,or part of it,with the transcript open,paying attention to the way words are pronounced in connected speech. ⊕ 15.12g上午-36
VIII sounds in words before or after. Perhaps it was hard to recognize word boundaries (see Unit 5) – e.g., you might not hear the unstressed first syllable in attempt and hear “tempt” instead. Perhaps you heard a word you knew but that seemed to have a different meaning, e.g., you might hear fair and recognize it as meaning “lightcoloured” (as in fair hair), but not know it can also mean “just” (as in justice). Or, was the idea not clearly expressed or hard to understand even though you knew all the words? Understanding why you have had problems can help you listen more effectively next time. Finally, you may want to listen to the talk again, or part of it, with the transcript open, paying attention to the way words are pronounced in connected speech. U1-U3.indd 8 15-4-28 上午9:36
■■口 Introductions to Malectures A mmmM FRIDAYS 47 In this unit you will: look at how a lecture introduction can help you to understand the lecture better practise making notes on introductions to lectures
Introductions to lectures UNIT 2 In this unit you will: 1 look at how a lecture introduction can help you to understand the lecture better 2 practise making notes on introductions to lectures 3 learn how to recognize words that may be pronounced differently to the way you expect them to be U1-U3.indd 7 15-4-28 上午9:36
Thinking about introductions 1.1 What do you expe ct the lecturer to talk about in the introduction 个☒AaAM5 to a lecture? Think of lectures you have heard. Did the lecturers try to make the re obvious to If so,how? 1.3 Two students took notes on the introduction to a lecture about migration.Look at the notes they took.How are the notes different? Student1: Migration from new EU countries,e.g.Poland-effect on UK econ.etc. Student2: Not EU migration BUT internal UK migration,e.g.,countrycity Listen to the introduction.Then answer the questions 1.Which student understood what the lecturer was going to talk about? 2.Why do you think the other student made a mistake? 3.Which words in the introduction signal what the lecturer will talk about? Sound advice In an introduction,the speaker may define the scope of the lecture by explaining what will not be discussed,as well as what will be discussed. 8学术英语听力 15.2上午-36
Task 1 Thinking about introductions 1.1 What do you expect the lecturer to talk about in the introduction to a lecture? 1.2 Think of lectures you have heard. Did the lecturers try to make the structure of the lecture obvious to students? If so, how? 1.3 Two students took notes on the introduction to a lecture about migration. Look at the notes they took. How are the notes different? Student 1: Migration from new EU countries, e.g., Poland – effect on UK econ., etc. Student 2: Not EU migration BUT internal UK migration, e.g., country city 1.4 Listen to the introduction. Then answer the questions. 1. Which student understood what the lecturer was going to talk about? 2. Why do you think the other student made a mistake? 3. Which words in the introduction signal what the lecturer will talk about? In an introduction, the speaker may define the scope of the lecture by explaining what will not be discussed, as well as what will be discussed. Sound advice 6 Task 2 Functions and language of lecture introductions The left-hand column shows what lecturers commonly do in introductions to lectures. All the statements in the right-hand column are examples from introductions to lectures. 2.1 Read the functions 1–9 in the left-hand column of the table. a. Tick (√) those you discussed in Ex 1.1 and 1.2. Check you understand what the others mean. b. Match 1–9 from the left-hand column to the statements a–i in the righthand column. What lecturers do in introductions Lecturer statements 1. ☐ limit the scope of the lecture; in other words, say what they will talk about and what they will not talk about a. ☐ There are in a sense two themes – there’s a qualitative stream of market research and there’s a quantitative stream. I’m going to deal with basically the quantitative stream of data collection first. 2. ☐ comment on a theory they have just described b. ☐ However, that’s not the type of migration that I want to look at today. What I want to look at is internal migration, i.e., the movement of people from country to city, and vice versa, and from one city to another. 3. ☐ preview the content or structure of the current lecture c. ☐ Sara Shettleworth has a superb chapter on social learning, and I’m going to mention just a few of the examples that she mentions. 4. ☐ refer to research on the subject – this often includes mentioning specific reading material d. ☐ What I want to do first, because I know some of you are not from the EU, is just give a very simple introduction to European Union institutions. 5. ☐ give background information on the lecture topic e. ☐ I undertook a study in the mid-80s and it was quite easy for me to find 22 markets. 6. ☐ introduce different approaches to the subject f. ☐ I’ll be giving you a handout with these quotes, so you don’t have to write them down verbatim. 8 学术英语听力 U1-U3.indd 8 15-4-28 上午9:36