□ Contents Unit title and topics Skills focus Microskills Listening and lectures Listening in different languages 1 Problems of listening Differences between Understanding spoken English Listening to lectures Introductions to lectures ·Thinking about Mgration Britain and the European Monetary introductions 2 Union Functions and language ·Word stress of lecture introductions Globalization Magistrates'courts uctions Φ bout key idea Identifying key ideas in 3 lectures Franchising Distinguishing key point from examples P19 nosting and highlighting key points Note-taking:Part 1 4 Britain's traffic problems Sentence stress The East Asiar economic miracle Note-taking practice P31
I Unit title and topics Skills focus Microskills Listening in different languages Understanding spoken English Listening to lectures Thinking about introductions Functions and language of lecture introductions Listening to lecture introductions Word stress Thinking about key ideas Identifying key points in a lecture Distinguishing key points from examples Signposting and highlighting key points Word families (1) Reasons for taking notes Principles of note-taking Note-taking practice Sentence stress Listening and lectures Problems of listening Differences between academic cultures P1 1 Introductions to lectures Migration Britain and the European Monetary Union Globalization Magistrates’ courts P7 2 Identifying key ideas in lectures Franchising P19 3 Note-taking: Part 1 Britain’s traffic problems The East Asian economic miracle P31 4 Contents U1-U3.indd 1 15-4-28 上午9:36
Unit title and topic Skills focus Microskills Note-taking:Part 2 Purposes of education : 5 World economy Word Health in the UK Note-taking practice boundaries P41 Organizing your note Introducing new terminology Embedded words ■Introducing new ■Weak forms European Union regulations and 6 terminology of function directives Introducing terms and words Market dominance and monopoly concepts P51 What lecturers do in lectures Doing market research Social learning Macrostructure of lectures Contestable markets Lecture structure P59 Digressions 8 Questionnaire design Reasons for digressions ·Common Identifying digressions Integrated rural development expressions Practice in lectures P71 UI-UAndd 2 ☒ 15.2上午-36
II Unit title and topics Skills focus Microskills Returning to your notes Using abbreviations and symbols Note-taking practice Organizing your notes Word boundaries Introducing new terminology Introducing terms and concepts Weak forms of function words Macrostructure of lectures Lecture structure Word families (2) Reasons for digressions Identifying digressions Practice Common expressions in lectures Note-taking: Part 2 Purposes of education World economy Health in the UK P41 5 Introducing new terminology Embedded words European Union regulations and directives Market dominance and monopoly P51 6 What lecturers do in lectures Doing market research Social learning Contestable markets P59 7 Digressions Questionnaire design Integrated rural development P71 8 U1-U3.indd 2 15-4-28 上午9:36
Introduction Aims of the course The purpose of this beter understand poken Eng English of academic well as to help you develop your note Structure of the course .Unit structure:Apart from the first unit,all the units are divided into tw sections:macroskill and microskills. Macroskills include such things as: .making use oflecture introductions note-taking .recognizing the structure of lectures Microskills focus on understanding linguistic features of spoken English such as: .recognizing words that are spoken quickly and are not stressed recognizing where one spoken word ends and the next begins word stress and sentence stress In these units you will also find the following items: Sound advice:These cither summarize key points from the unitor present advic on listening strategies Study tips:These have been included for ease of referen wher hat you have studied.They either summarize the or are a summary of other information contained in the unit Unit summaries:Each unit is followed by a unit summary,giving you the opportunity to reflect on what you have learn Additional materials Glossary:Key words or phrases in the text are explained in the glossary on pages 84- 86. Transcripts:At the end of the book you will find the transcripts of all the lectures. Your teacher will sometimes give you the opportunity to listen to the recordings and tasks
III Aims of the course The purpose of this book is to help you better understand spoken English, particularly the spoken English of academic lectures, as well as to help you develop your notetaking skills while listening. Structure of the course Unit structure: Apart from the first unit, all the units are divided into two sections: macroskills and microskills. Macroskills include such things as: making use of lecture introductions note-taking recognizing the structure of lectures Microskills focus on understanding linguistic features of spoken English such as: recognizing words that are spoken quickly and are not stressed recognizing where one spoken word ends and the next begins word stress and sentence stress In these units you will also find the following items: Sound advice: These either summarize key points from the unit or present advice on listening strategies. Study tips: These have been included for ease of reference when you are revising what you have studied. They either summarize the outcome of a series of activities or are a summary of other information contained in the unit. Unit summaries: Each unit is followed by a unit summary, giving you the opportunity to reflect on what you have learnt. Additional materials Glossary: Key words or phrases in the text are explained in the glossary on pages 84- 86. Transcripts: At the end of the book you will find the transcripts of all the lectures. Your teacher will sometimes give you the opportunity to listen to the recordings and follow the transcript at the same time, once you have completed the main listening tasks. Introduction U1-U3.indd 3 15-4-28 上午9:36
■■■ Working with the course It can be particularly challenging to listen to long stretches of speech in a foreign ricryhof the er of c es given in English.This book will provide you with: guided instruction on how to follow a lecture the opportunity to practise listening to similar lectures to the ones you will meet in your future studies What you put into the course will determine how much you get out of it obviously if to improve your skills in listening to lectures and taking notes.it is essential u should therefor prepare well for these ssions as well as participating actively in them Listening materials Many of the lecture extracts in this book are based on transcripts of authentic lectures enniversity of Reading.These lectures were given to audiences of Briti ormal de ree programmes.Alth ugh the extracts have been re-recorded toensure carity,the language and content of these lectures have been maintained,to ensure that you are provided with listening practice that closely simulates listening to,and note-taking from,real academic lectures. Φ The lecture extracts are taken from a range of academic fields,including investment banking.development economics,marketing.psychology and linguistics.Although rees in these subiects.we have chosen extracts that should be accessible to studer s of all subjects. Theymbolindicatesthtrnreavailable nDVD-Rom. Vocabulary Although the recordings in the book may not be related to your particular subject, you will find a lot of useful vocabulary in this book. There are different types of vocabulary that you may find useful .Academic words:These are words that occur frequently in many different academic subjects,so whatever your degree subject,it is important to learn how to use them. 15.2上午-36
IV Working with the course It can be particularly challenging to listen to long stretches of speech in a foreign language, particularly when you are not aware of the general structure of academic lectures given in English. This book will provide you with: guided instruction on how to follow a lecture. the opportunity to practise listening to similar lectures to the ones you will meet in your future studies. What you put into the course will determine how much you get out of it. Obviously, if you want to improve your skills in listening to lectures and taking notes, it is essential to practise this skill. You should therefore prepare well for the sessions, as well as participating actively in them. Listening materials Many of the lecture extracts in this book are based on transcripts of authentic lectures given at the University of Reading. These lectures were given to audiences of British and international students as part of their normal degree programmes. Although the extracts have been re-recorded to ensure clarity, the language and content of these lectures have been maintained, to ensure that you are provided with listening practice that closely simulates listening to, and note-taking from, real academic lectures. The lecture extracts are taken from a range of academic fields, including investment banking, development economics, marketing, psychology and linguistics. Although the original lectures were intended for students doing degrees in these subjects, we have chosen extracts that should be accessible to students of all subjects. Other extracts have been written specially for this book, but have been designed to reflect features of authentic academic lectures. The symbol indicates that the recordings are available on DVD-Rom. Vocabulary Although the recordings in the book may not be related to your particular subject, you will find a lot of useful vocabulary in this book. There are different types of vocabulary that you may find useful: Academic words: These are words that occur frequently in many different academic subjects, so whatever your degree subject, it is important to learn how to use them. U1-U3.indd 4 15-4-28 上午9:36
Non-technical topic words:Many of the recordings use sets of topic vocabulary which will be useful to students on almost all deg ee courses:for example.the tex and statistics. Subject-specific words:Some of the recordings contain words which will be of of specific subjects:for example,there is an extrac arhlrqsigtahweopataarmcstoaoaeatspaniagoa psychology. Listening outside the classroom Your listening will improve more quickly if you practise outside the cassr room.You can do this inav ways;for example,talking with Englis ing friend eradio or watching TV,or working with independent study material (see further below). You will find Sound advice sections in most units in this book,and these contain useful advice for improving your listening.Here are some more ideas. .There are a number of good websites which provide practice in listening to academic lectures.If you go to the EAS website(enter through www. englishforacademicstudy.com)you will find links to some of these sites A wide range of vocabulary is part of the key to success in listening.You should keep a record of new words or phrases that you learn,and make sure you note down the.particularly ift patterns you are familiar vith Ask k your teacher to model the pronuncation if you are not sure of it. e you can hear the pronunciation ing of a word on by mo over a word or by clicking on it.The Ma Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English both have good CD-ROM versions.Think about buying one of these because it will be useful,not just on this course,but in your later studies. Listening to longer talks,and talks about your own subject,will help prepare you for listening to lectures,so you will need to do more independent listening in your own time. Additional audio-visual resources To help improve your extended listening.you can access highly relevant ect ures and talks on two websites-the University of Reading's SACLL site,and TED Talks
V Non-technical topic words: Many of the recordings use sets of topic vocabulary which will be useful to students on almost all degree courses; for example, the text on market research contains many words connected with surveys, questionnaires and statistics. Subject-specific words: Some of the recordings contain words which will be of particular interest to students of specific subjects; for example, there is an extract on social learning which will be of particular interest to students planning to study psychology. Listening outside the classroom Your listening will improve more quickly if you practise outside the classroom. You can do this in a variety of ways; for example, talking with English-speaking friends, listening to the radio or watching TV, or working with independent study materials (see further below). You will find Sound advice sections in most units in this book, and these contain useful advice for improving your listening. Here are some more ideas. There are a number of good websites which provide practice in listening to academic lectures. If you go to the EAS website (enter through www. englishforacademicstudy.com) you will find links to some of these sites. A wide range of vocabulary is part of the key to success in listening. You should keep a record of new words or phrases that you learn, and make sure you note down the pronunciation, particularly if it does not fit in with pronunciation patterns you are familiar with. Ask your teacher to model the pronunciation if you are not sure of it. There are several dictionaries on CD-ROM where you can hear the pronunciation and see the meaning of a word on screen, either by moving the mouse pointer over a word or by clicking on it. The Macmillan English Dictionary and Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English both have good CD-ROM versions. Think about buying one of these because it will be useful, not just on this course, but in your later studies. Listening to longer talks, and talks about your own subject, will help prepare you for listening to lectures, so you will need to do more independent listening in your own time. Additional audio-visual resources To help improve your extended listening, you can access highly relevant lectures and talks on two websites – the University of Reading’s SACLL site, and TED Talks. U1-U3.indd 5 15-4-28 上午9:36