Table 1-1 TABLE I-I Electronic Configurations of the Elements of the First and Second rows Element Configuration Valence electrons H He L i Be 2 B 222p12 N 2 122p2 s2-2p22 212345678 F Is"25"2p:2p: 2p Chapter 1
Chapter 1 6 Table 1-1 =>
Bond formation Ionic bonding: electrons are transferred Covalent bonding: electron pair is shared H H C:: Nat Cl: nonpolaR polar ionic bond covalent bond covalent bond Chapter 1
Chapter 1 7 Bond Formation • Ionic bonding: electrons are transferred. • Covalent bonding: electron pair is shared. =>
Lewis structures Bonding electrons Nonbonding electrons or lone pairs H H—C-O Satisfy the octet rule Chapter 1
Chapter 1 8 Lewis Structures • Bonding electrons • Nonbonding electrons or lone pairs Satisfy the octet rule! => C H H H O H
Multiple Bonding C: C C::O H: C: C: H H or or or H HH H C=C C=O.H一C≡C—H H H ethylene formaldehyde acetylene Chapter 1
Chapter 1 9 Multiple Bonding =>
Dipole moment Amount of electrical charge x bond length Charge separation shown by electrostatic potential map (EPm Red indicates a partially negative region and blue indicates a partially positive region C=C H Chapter 1 10
Chapter 1 10 Dipole Moment • Amount of electrical charge x bond length. • Charge separation shown by electrostatic potential map (EPM). • Red indicates a partially negative region and blue indicates a partially positive region. C C H H H H =>