developed原型,样机 prototype equipment定型设备 prototype machine原型机,样机 prototype model样机;原始模型 prototype project原型设计 prototype stage原型[试样]阶段 prototype work piece样件 prototype aero plane样机 Toyota released its small-car prototype in 1947. roto-: first in time, earliest时间上最先的;最早的; first formed; primitive; original最先形 成的;原始的:原初的 protolith始石器的 protohuman n&adj、(人类的始祖)原人(的) (4). get/be stuck in(sth ) be unable to move or to be moved Many Xmas travelers were caught in the blizzard and their cars got stuck in the snow. get stuck上当,受骗;被困住 get stuck in[俚]全神贯注吃饭或工作;使劲干 (5) Send out: transit( a signal,etc,) by radio waves放射洸光、热等;放出;生出,长出 芽、叶等);发出,寄出;送发(货物、函件等);(与for连用)派人去取某物);通知把 (某物)送来 The yacht sent out a distress signal /call which was picked up by a passing steamer (is 难信号 (6). convert: *vt. To change(something )into another form, substance, state, or product; transform变换,使(某物)转变成另一种形式、物质、状态或结果:使转化;ⅵ*Iobe converted:被改变 - convert water into Ice将水变成冰 - to convert an old house into a new one把旧房改成新房 hat building has been converted into a school那座楼房改成学校了。 - convert a forest into farmland把森林变成耕地 - convert defeat into victory转败为胜 a sofa that converts into a bed可改换为床的沙发 arms factories converting to peacetime production兵工厂改为平时的生产线 *vt. To persuade or induce to adopt a particular religion, faith, or belief使皈依,劝说或诱 导…相信某一特定宗教、信仰或信念;ⅵ To undergo a conversion经过转变 - convert pagans to Christianity使异教徒皈依基督教 was converted to pacifism by the war成为反战论者 She managed to convert him to her opinion她终于设法说服了他接受她的意见 We converted to Islam several years ago我们在几年前皈依伊斯兰教 John has converted to buddhism约翰改信佛教。 * To exchange for something of equal value:兑换,将…交换成价值相等的东西 - convert assets into cash把资产转化成现金 I want to convert some Hong Kong dollars into American dollars我想把一些港元换成 美元 At what rate does the dollar convert into pounds?美元以什么汇率兑换成英镑? * To express(a quantity) in alternative units换算,将…折合换算成另一种单位: - converting feet into meters将英尺换算成公尺 改变信仰者,皈依者 a convert to socialism转而信仰社会主义者 make a convert of sb使某人改变信仰[主张] (7). correlate: have a mutual relationship or connection, in which one thing affects or 11
11 developed 原型 ,样机 --prototype equipment 定型设备 --prototype machine 原型机, 样机 --prototype model 样机; 原始模型 --prototype project 原型设计 --prototype stage 原型[试样]阶段 --prototype work piece 样件 --prototype aero plane 样机 --Toyota released its small-car prototype in 1947. proto-: first in time; earliest 时间上最先的；最早的;first formed; primitive; original 最先形 成的；原始的；原初的： --protolithic.始石器的 --protohuman n.& adj.(人类的始祖)原人(的) (4). get/be stuck in(sth.): be unable to move or to be moved --Many Xmas travelers were caught in the blizzard and their cars got stuck in the snow. --: I was stuck at home with flu. get stuck 上当, 受骗; 被困住 get stuck in [俚]全神贯注吃饭或工作; 使劲干 (5) Send out: transit (a signal, etc.) by radio waves 放射(光、热等); 放出; 生出, 长出 (芽、叶等); 发出, 寄出; 送发(货物、函件等) ; (与 for 连用)派人去取(某物); 通知把 (某物)送来 --The yacht sent out a distress signal / call which was picked up by a passing steamer. (遇 难信号) (6). convert: *vt. To change (something) into another form, substance, state, or product; transform 变换, 使（某物）转变成另一种形式、物质、状态或结果；使转化; vi*To be converted:被改变 --convert water into ice 将水变成冰 --to convert an old house into a new one 把旧房改成新房 --That building has been converted into a school.那座楼房改成学校了。 --convert a forest into farmland 把森林变成耕地 --convert defeat into victory 转败为胜 --a sofa that converts into a bed 可改换为床的沙发 --arms factories converting to peacetime production.兵工厂改为平时的生产线 *vt. To persuade or induce to adopt a particular religion, faith, or belief 使皈依, 劝说或诱 导…相信某一特定宗教、信仰或信念; vi.To undergo a conversion 经过转变 --convert pagans to Christianity 使异教徒皈依基督教 --was converted to pacifism by the war 成为反战论者 --She managed to convert him to her opinion.她终于设法说服了他接受她的意见。 --We converted to Islam several years ago.我们在几年前皈依伊斯兰教 --John has converted to Buddhism.约翰改信佛教。 *To exchange for something of equal value:兑换, 将…交换成价值相等的东西： --convert assets into cash 把资产转化成现金 --I want to convert some Hong Kong dollars into American dollars.我想把一些港元换成 美元。 --At what rate does the dollar convert into pounds? 美元以什么汇率兑换成英镑？ *To express (a quantity) in alternative units 换算, 将…折合换算成另一种单位： --converting feet into meters 将英尺换算成公尺 n. 改变信仰者， 皈依者 --a convert to socialism 转而信仰社会主义者 --make a convert of sb 使某人改变信仰［主张］ (7).correlate: have a mutual relationship or connection, in which one thing affects or
depends on another( followed by with/o)关连,和相关 Amother's smoking in pregnancy correlates with low birth weight in her baby The diameter and the circumference of a circle correlate圆的直径与圆周有相互关系 To put or bring into causal, complementary, parallel, or reciprocal relation 相互联系;使相关连 - correlated drug abuse and crime表明吸毒与犯罪的关系 - correlate the theory with practice把理论与实践联系起来 - Research workers find it hard to correlate the two sets of figures.研究人员发现很难使 这两组数字互相关连 ad相关的,关连的,相依的 (8) Mount:* To climb or ascend攀登,登上 mount stairs登上楼梯 * To place oneself upon; get up on骑上,走上,使自己登上去;上到…上 - mount a horse/ a platform/ a bicycle骑上马登上台/骑上 fix(sth )in position for use, display or study; put (sth) into place on a support >it 固定,为支撑住而牢固地固定住 Some automobiles were designed with a transmission mounted on the rear axle. (1t 动装置;变速器) - mount an engine in a car将引擎固定于汽车内 To place or fix on or in the appropriate support or setting for display or study 镶嵌,嵌入,为展示或研究而把物体放在或固定在某个合适支撑物上或背景上 mount stamps in an album把邮票嵌入邮册里 mount photographs给照片装框 - She mounted the photograph on the back of her diary book把照片裱贴在日记本封底。 -mount a paiting mount a diamond in the ring To organize and equip成立,组织并装备: - mount an army成立一支军队 - mount some guards派设几个警卫 To prepare and set in motion:发动,准备并进行一次运动 mount an attack发动一次进攻 The united opponent parties are getting ready to mount a powerful attack on the government联合起来的反对党正准备向政府发动有力的攻势。 mount( an offensive) against对发动(攻势) mount a play准备一台戏 vi. To increase in amount, extent, or intensity增长,在数量、范围或密度方面增长 Costs quickly mounted成本飞速增长。 The temperature mounted into the80s.气温上升到80多华氏度。 mount up增长,上升 - Expenses are mounting up.开销在增加 mount up to(金额增加到 Translation Translate the following passage into English, using the words and phrases given below eliminate pollution manufacture 汽车在二十世纪改变了世界,尤其是在美国或和其他工业国家。汽车确实岁我们 大有用处,但也带来了一些危害,比如声音污染,空气污染以及公路死亡事故。据报道汽
12 depends on another (followed by with/to) 关连, 和...相关 --A mother’s smoking in pregnancy correlates with low birth weight in her baby. --The diameter and the circumference of a circle correlate.圆的直径与圆周有相互关系。 *To put or bring into causal, complementary, parallel, or reciprocal relation. 相互联系; 使相关连 * --correlated drug abuse and crime 表明吸毒与犯罪的关系 --correlate the theory with practice 把理论与实践联系起来 --Research workers find it hard to correlate the two sets of figures.研究人员发现很难使 这两组数字互相关连。 adj 相关的， 关连的; 相依的 (8).Mount：*To climb or ascend 攀登，登上 --mount stairs 登上楼梯 *To place oneself upon; get up on 骑上，走上, 使自己登上去；上到…上 --mount a horse / a platform / a bicycle 骑上马/登上台/ 骑上 *fix (sth.) in position for use, display or study; put (sth) into place on a support架设； 固定, 为支撑住而牢固地固定住 --Some automobiles were designed with a transmission mounted on the rear axle. (传 动装置; 变速器) --mount an engine in a car 将引擎固定于汽车内 *To place or fix on or in the appropriate support or setting for display or study: 镶嵌，嵌入, 为展示或研究而把物体放在或固定在某个合适支撑物上或背景上： --mount stamps in an album 把邮票嵌入邮册里 --mount photographs 给照片装框 --She mounted the photograph on the back of her diary book.把照片裱贴在日记本封底。 --mount a paiting --mount a diamond in the ring *To organize and equip 成立, 组织并装备： --mount an army 成立一支军队 --mount some guards 派设几个警卫 *To prepare and set in motion:发动, 准备并进行一次运动 --mount an attack 发动一次进攻 --The united opponent parties are getting ready to mount a powerful attack on the government.联合起来的反对党正准备向政府发动有力的攻势。 --mount (an offensive) against 对....发动(攻势) --mount a play 准备一台戏 vi. To increase in amount, extent, or intensity 增长, 在数量、范围或密度方面增长 --Costs quickly mounted.成本飞速增长。 --The temperature mounted into the 80s. 气温上升到 80 多华氏度。 --mount up 增长, 上升 --Expenses are mounting up. 开销在增加。 --mount up to (金额)增加到.. Translation Translate the following passage into English, using the words and phrases given below. eliminate as well satellite hazard application pollution manufacture 汽车在二十世纪改变了世界，尤其是在美国或和其他工业国家。汽车确实岁我们 大有用处，但也带来了一些危害，比如声音污染，空气污染以及公路死亡事故。据报道汽
车事故被列为全世界导致 死伤的主要原因之一。可庆幸的是,现代发明家们正在重新发明汽车。新的推进系统 ( propulsion system),燃料,设计以及制造汽车的手段在过去的十年中得到迅速发展。例如, 通过使用卫星辅助的全球定位系统,汽车里的计算机能给汽车精确定位;随着遥感器的应用, 只能汽车能噢爱出不少汽车事故。 Translation Automobiles changed the world during the 20th century, particularly in the nited States and other industrialized nations. They are indeed of great use to us, but they have brought some hazards as well, such as noise and air pollution, and highway fatalities. It is reported that automobile accidents rank among the leading causes of death or injury throughout the world. Fortunately modern innovators are reinventing the automobile. New propulsion systems, fuels, designs, and means of manufacturing cars have all dev eloped rapidly in the past decade. For example, by using the satellite-aided global positioning system(GPS), a computer in the automobile can locate the vehicle's precise position, and with the application of sensors, smart cars can eliminate most cars accidents. Unit 3 Job Interview Texta Get The Job you want 1. Learning Objectives: Students will be able to: 1. grasp the main idea and structure of the text 2. real ize the importance of examples in illustrating ones points 3. master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text; 4. conduct a series of reading, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit 2. Pre-reading Tasks 1. T asks Ss the following questions on the recording Why do you think the wife behaves in the way she does according to the song? How does the husband feel about his wife's behavior? 2. Group research project: How to Prepare for an Interview 1) Before class, divide Ss into groups. Each group will search either online or through traditional media, for a recruitment ad related to their major 2) Each group previews Text A and Cloze B and brainstorms how to prepare, applicant, for this particular job interview on the basis of the same ad 3) Groups make due preparations 4) In class, several groups report to class on their preparations. Each group may be presented by more than one speaker 3. T may move on to the text by saying: All our preparations have been done from the interviewee's point of view, now let's study Text a to get the interviewer's perspecti 3. While-reading Tasks T guides Ss through the instructions for Text Organization Exercise I to learn about the text
13 车事故被列为全世界导致 死伤的主要原因之一。可庆幸的是，现代发明家们正在重新发明汽车。新的推进系统 （propulsion system), 燃料，设计以及制造汽车的手段在过去的十年中得到迅速发展。例如， 通过使用卫星辅助的全球定位系统，汽车里的计算机能给汽车精确定位;随着遥感器的应用， 只能汽车能噢爱出不少汽车事故。 Translation Automobiles changed the world during the 20th century, particularly in the United States and other industrialized nations. They are indeed of great use to us, but they have brought some hazards as well, such as noise and air pollution, and highway fatalities. It is reported that automobile accidents rank among the leading causes of death or injury throughout the world. Fortunately modern innovators are reinventing the automobile. New propulsion systems, fuels, designs, and means of manufacturing cars have all developed rapidly in the past decade. For example, by using the satellite-aided global positioning system (GPS), a computer in the automobile can locate the vehicle’s precise position, and with the application of sensors, smart cars can eliminate most cars accidents. Unit 3 Job Interview Text A Get The Job You Want 1. Learning Objectives: Students will be able to: 1. grasp the main idea and structure of the text; 2. realize the importance of examples in illustrating one’s points; 3. master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text; 4. conduct a series of reading, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit. 2. Pre-reading Tasks: 1. T asks Ss the following questions on the recording: ✓ Why do you think the wife behaves in the way she does according to the song? ✓ How does the husband feel about his wife’s behavior? 2. Group research project: How to Prepare for an Interview 1) Before class, divide Ss into groups. Each group will search either online or through traditional media, for a recruitment ad related to their major. 2) Each group previews Text A and Cloze B and brainstorms how to prepare, as an applicant, for this particular job interview on the basis of the same ad. 3) Groups make due preparations. 4) In class, several groups report to class on their preparations. Each group may be presented by more than one speaker. 3. T may move on to the text by saying: All our preparations have been done from the interviewee’s point of view, now let’s study Text A to get the interviewer’s perspective. 3. While-reading Tasks: 1. T guides Ss through the instructions for Text Organization Exercise 1 to learn about the text structure
-The text can be divided into three parts Part One(Paras 1-6): A recent college graduate failed to answer the questions at an interview because of lack of preparation Part Two(Paras 7-27): Four pieces of advice on being a successful interviewee art three(Paras 28-31): Everyone should make his or her own tracks in whatever he or she 2. T explains the language points in Parts l-lll, and has Ss practice them 3. Ss do Text Organization Exercise 2. At the end, t draws Ss'attention to the importance of examples by saying: Suggestions without examples are dry and hard to understand suggestions with examples are comparable to bones covered with flesh. It is also a good idea to start an article with an example that is relevant to readers' life and interests, like the author did in this tex 4. Langua ge Points: 1. interview: question to decide if sb. is right for a jo e.g. We re going to interview six candidates this afternoon Johnson is being interviewed next week for the Chief Executive's job 2. grill:(infiml) question intensely; cook under or over direct heat(used in the pattern: grill sb about/on sth e.g. Tom was grilled by customs officers for several hours The senior detective grilled the young suspect about the robbery case We can grill the chops on the barbecue 3. follow up: take additional steps to further(a previous action)(followed by with) e.g. If you make a hotel booking by phone, follow it up with written confirmation We are worried that terrorists will follow up their threats with bomb attacks 4. in sb's hand: in sb. 's possession s company has been in his hands for some years 5. prospective: likely to become or be e.g. The chief function of direct-mail advertising is to familiarize prospective buyers with a The college had applications from nearly 300 prospective students 6. as i see it. e.g. As I see it, this press conference is the most successful one we have ever had 7. endeavor: an effort or attempt to do sth. try to do sth e.g. The government has endeavored to forbid the employment of children under the age of 16. The company endeavors to deal with clients' complaints as promptly as possible 8. do one's homework: make preparation beforehand e.g. He had done his homework before he delivered the speecl 9. go after: try hard to obtain e.g. Are you planning to go after Peters job when he leaves? He went after first prize in the English speech contest 10. incidentally: by the way (used when adding more information to what was said before, Or when you want to talk about sth else you have just thought of) e.g. Incidentally, this wine goes particularly well with cheese Incidentally, if you want to see her again, let me know 11. take /have a crack(at): try to do sth e.g. They have decided to have a crack at the double championship I would like to take a crack at the Olympic title again before I retire a difference: change the situation or outlook have an effect Having a good teacher has made all the difference for Alex Where you live can make such a difference to the way you feel 13. blurt: utter abruptly and thoughtlessly e.g. Peter blurted the secret(out) before we could sto As soon as the teacher put forward the question, he blurted the answer 14. pry: try to look into private facts about (used in the e.g. We dont want people prying into our affairs
14 -The text can be divided into three parts: Part One (Paras 1-6): A recent college graduate failed to answer the questions at an interview because of lack of preparation. Part Two (Paras 7-27): Four pieces of advice on being a successful interviewee Part three (Paras 28-31): Everyone should make his or her own tracks in whatever he or she does. 2. T explains the language points in Parts I-III, and has Ss practice them. 3. Ss do Text Organization Exercise 2. At the end, T draws Ss’ attention to the importance of examples by saying: Suggestions without examples are dry and hard to understand; suggestions with examples are comparable to bones covered with flesh. It is also a good idea to start an article with an example that is relevant to readers’ life and interests, like the author did in this text. 4. Language Points: 1. interview: question to decide if sb. is right for a job e.g. We’re going to interview six candidates this afternoon. Johnson is being interviewed next week for the Chief Executive’s job. 2. grill: (infml) question intensely; cook under or over direct heat (used in the pattern: grill sb. about / on sth.) e.g. Tom was grilled by customs officers for several hours. The senior detective grilled the young suspect about the robbery case. We can grill the chops on the barbecue. 3. follow up: take additional steps to further (a previous action) (followed by with) e.g. If you make a hotel booking by phone, follow it up with written confirmation. We are worried that terrorists will follow up their threats with bomb attacks. 4. in sb.’s hand: in sb.’s possession e.g. His father’s company has been in his hands for some years. 5. prospective: likely to become or be e.g. The chief function of direct-mail advertising is to familiarize prospective buyers with a product. The college had applications from nearly 300 prospective students. 6. as I see it: in my opinion e.g. As I see it, this press conference is the most successful one we have ever had. 7. endeavor: an effort or attempt to do sth.; try to do sth. e.g. The government has endeavored to forbid the employment of children under the age of 16. The company endeavors to deal with clients’ complaints as promptly as possible. 8. do one’s homework: make preparation beforehand e.g. He had done his homework before he delivered the speech. 9. go after: try hard to obtain e.g. Are you planning to go after Peter’s job when he leaves? He went after first prize in the English speech contest. 10. incidentally: by the way (used when adding more information to what was said before, or when you want to talk about sth. else you have just thought of) e.g. Incidentally, this wine goes particularly well with cheese. Incidentally, if you want to see her again, let me know. 11. take / have a crack (at): try to do sth. e.g. They have decided to have a crack at the double championship. I would like to take a crack at the Olympic title again before I retire. 12. make a difference: change the situation or outlook; have an effect e.g. Having a good teacher has made all the difference for Alex. Where you live can make such a difference to the way you feel. 13. blurt: utter abruptly and thoughtlessly e.g. Peter blurted the secret (out) before we could stop him. As soon as the teacher put forward the question, he blurted the answer out. 14. pry: try to look into private facts about a person (used in the pattern: pry into sth.) e.g. We don’t want people prying into our affairs
Some reporters like to pry into film stars private life 15. in the neighborhood of about e.g. I am hoping to buy an apartment in the neighborhood of 200,000 yuan 16. from one's/the standpoint(of): from one's/the viewpoint(of) e.g. From a human standpoint, all of the world's physical resources are in finite supply In recent years, some psychologists have tried to explain intelligence from a biological standpoint 5. Post-reading Tasks: 1. Learning about writing strategy 2. T guides Ss through some after-text exercises 3. T checks on Ss'home reading(Text B) 4. T asks Ss to prepare for the next unit: preview Text A Unit 4 The Multicultural Society Texta America As a Collage l Learning Objectives: Students will be able to 1. grasp the maim idea and structure of the text 2. practice their critical thinking ability through in-depth discussions on issues mentioned in the 3. master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text; 4. conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit Part I Pre-reading task ☆ Text A america as 令 a Collage s Collage-A picture or design created by adhering basically flat elements as newspaper, wallpaper, printed text and illustrations, photographs, cloth, string, etc, to a lat surface What is“ collage”?拼贴画 Collage g when the result becomes three-dimensional, and might also be called a relief sculpture Most of the elements adhered in producing most collages are found materials Introduced by the Cubist artists, this process was widely used by artists who followed, and is a familiar technique in contemporary art. g Collage"was originally a French word, derived from the word coller, meaning"to paste. Further explanation 1)An artistic composition of materials and objects pasted over a surface, often with unifying lines and color. 拼贴画,通常以统一的线条和色彩,在画面上拼贴各种原料和物体的艺术拼合作品 2)The art of creating such composition ◆拼贴艺术创作这样的拼贴作品的艺术 .s 3)An assemblage of diverse elements 令杂烩,各种不同成分的集汇: a collage of conflicting memories. 令破碎记忆的汇集
15 Some reporters like to pry into film stars’ private life. 15. in the neighborhood of: about e.g. I am hoping to buy an apartment in the neighborhood of 200,000 yuan. 16. from one’s / the standpoint (of): from one’s / the viewpoint (of) e.g. From a human standpoint, all of the world’s physical resources are in finite supply. In recent years, some psychologists have tried to explain intelligence from a biological standpoint. 5. Post-reading Tasks: 1. Learning about writing strategy. 2. T guides Ss through some after-text exercises. 3. T checks on Ss’ home reading (Text B). 4. T asks Ss to prepare for the next unit: preview Text A. Unit 4 The Multicultural Society Text A America As a Collage 1. Learning Objectives: Students will be able to: 1. grasp the maim idea and structure of the text; 2. practice their critical thinking ability through in-depth discussions on issues mentioned in the text; 3. master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text; 4. conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit. Part I Pre-reading Task ❖ Text A America as ❖ a Collage ❖ Collage - A picture or design created by adhering such basically flat elements as newspaper, wallpaper, printed text and illustrations, photographs, cloth, string, etc., to a flat surface, ❖ What is “collage”? 拼贴画 Collage ❖ when the result becomes three-dimensional, and might also be called a relief sculpture. Most of the elements adhered in producing most collages are "found" materials. Introduced by the Cubist artists, this process was widely used by artists who followed, and is a familiar technique in contemporary art. ❖ "Collage" was originally a French word, derived from the word coller, meaning "to paste." Further explanation ❖ 1) An artistic composition of materials and objects pasted over a surface, often with unifying lines and color. ❖ 拼贴画, 通常以统一的线条和色彩，在画面上拼贴各种原料和物体的艺术拼合作品 ❖ 2) The art of creating such compositions. ❖ 拼贴艺术,创作这样的拼贴作品的艺术 ❖ 3) An assemblage of diverse elements: ❖ 杂烩, 各种不同成分的集汇：a collage of conflicting memories. ❖ 破碎记忆的汇集