Key to exercises Chapter 1 I Answer the questions on the text (1)Because Email and the World Wide Web are two commonly used Internet services, which are extremely popular (2)These other services include mailing lists, discussion groups, chatting, file transfer, Telnet. and so on hey do not, because the TCP/P protocols are incorporated into the applications Users need only minimally configure Internet applications in order to use them, and usually do not need to know anything about TCP/iP per se (4)In order to use the Internet, the user must have an Internet access account and must have the computer to the Interne (5)Because computer viruses may be sent by email and if an unsuspecting pens virus, the virus may infect and wreak havoc on the users computer system (6)Yes, but only when these protection measures are used consistently and appropriatel (7)Since message boards are Web-based, they are more public than mailing lists and most message boards allow anybody to post messages to the board (8)An individual typically must become a member of a group in order to post messages to that group. Although most discussion group boards may be read by anyone, access to some boards is restricted only to group members (9)Yes. What mailing lists, and discussion groups share in common is that users may interact with one another without being simultaneously connected to the Internet 10)Chatting is a process whereby participants use the Internet to interact with one another in real-time using text-based messaging. There are three popular chatting platforms Web-based chat, Internet relay chat and Direct chat 2. Fill in the blanks with the phrases (1)attempt to (2)engage (3)devoted to (6)equate with (8)gained a deeper appreciation for (9)by and large (10)incorporated into/in (11)the tip of the iceberg
1 Key to exercises Chapter 1 1. Answer the questions on the text. (1) Because Email and the World Wide Web are two commonly used Internet services, which are extremely popular. (2) These other services include mailing lists, discussion groups, chatting, file transfer, Telnet, and so on. (3) No, they do not, because the TCP/IP protocols are incorporated into the applications. Users need only minimally configure Internet applications in order to use them, and usually do not need to know anything about TCP/IP per se. (4) In order to use the Internet, the user must have an Internet access account and must have hardware to connect the computer to the Internet. (5) Because computer viruses may be sent by email and if an unsuspecting user opens the virus, the virus may infect and wreak havoc on the user’s computer system. (6) Yes, but only when these protection measures are used consistently and appropriately. (7) Since message boards are Web-based, they are more public than mailing lists and most message boards allow anybody to post messages to the board. (8) An individual typically must become a member of a group in order to post messages to that group. Although most discussion group boards may be read by anyone, access to some boards is restricted only to group members. (9) Yes. What mailing lists, and discussion groups share in common is that users may interact with one another without being simultaneously connected to the Internet. (10)Chatting is a process whereby participants use the Internet to interact with one another in real-time using text-based messaging. There are three popular chatting platforms: Web-based chat, Internet relay chat and Direct chat. 2. Fill in the blanks with the phrases. (1) attempt to (2) engage in (3) devoted to (4) adhered to (5) consists of (6) equate with (7) familiarize with (8) gained a deeper appreciation for (9) by and large (10) incorporated into/in (11) the tip of the iceberg
(12)instead of (14) participates in (5) prior to (16)regardless of (17)in reality (18)share in common (19)subscribe to (20)substitute for 3. Translation () Translate the following passage into Chinese. ICQ(我找你)是一种信息程序,帮助你与网上的朋友保持联系。ICQ可以通过以下的方式 让你与好友列表中的人联络合作: 发送信息 互享指定信息位置的表示方法 *传输文件 *聊天 其它方 可以使用ICQ的用户包括 集体工作?需要在网上即时讨论这个项目! 有个远方的朋友?想不花电话费聊天 ●布置的任务中遇到困难?想在工作时在线等答复! 需要讨论一篇论文或报告?互传文件又不想因电子邮件而耽搁! 找寻兴趣相投的人?通过ICQ交新朋友! ICQ是一个4MB大小的程序,可从网上下载。该程序和服务均免费,而且据我看也无收费 打算。当你安装这个程序时,你被要求在网上的一个中心服务器注册并且你会得到一个号码。 这个ICQ号使程序识别你,知道你在线。ICQ也让寻找其他在线的朋友,并把他们加入好 友名列。当你下网,程序会通知服务器你离线,终止你的在线联络。 (2)Translate the following passage into English ICQ or I Seek You is a we- based communication tool that allows the user to network with other laving similar interests to their own. Th e user can chat in real time with virtually anyone registered. Anye one can unloaditforfreeathttp://www.icq.com/download.IcQisa revolutionary new program whose job is to constantly search the Internet and let users know when their friends or associates connect. It will automatically alert you with a text and/or audio message when anyone on your list of contacts gets on the Internet
2 (12) instead of (13) meddling in (14) participates in (15) prior to (16) regardless of (17) in reality (18) share in common (19) subscribe to (20) substitute for 3. Translation. (1) Translate the following passage into Chinese. ICQ（我找你）是一种信息程序，帮助你与网上的朋友保持联系。ICQ 可以通过以下的方式 让你与好友列表中的人联络合作： *发送信息 *互享指定信息位置的表示方法 *传输文件 *聊天 *其它方法。 可以使用 ICQ 的用户包括： ⚫ 集体工作？需要在网上即时讨论这个项目！ ⚫ 有个远方的朋友？想不花电话费聊天！ ⚫ 布置的任务中遇到困难？想在工作时在线等答复！ ⚫ 需要讨论一篇论文或报告？互传文件又不想因电子邮件而耽搁！ ⚫ 找寻兴趣相投的人？通过 ICQ 交新朋友！ ICQ 是一个 4MB 大小的程序，可从网上下载。该程序和服务均免费，而且据我看也无收费 打算。当你安装这个程序时，你被要求在网上的一个中心服务器注册并且你会得到一个号码。 这个 ICQ 号使程序识别你，知道你在线。ICQ 也让寻找其他在线的朋友，并把他们加入好 友名列。当你下网，程序会通知服务器你离线，终止你的在线联络。 (2)Translate the following passage into English. ICQ or I Seek You is a we- based communication tool that allows the user to network with others having similar interests to their own. The user can chat in real time with virtually anyone registered. Anyone can download it for free at http://www.icq.com/download. ICQ is a revolutionary new program whose job is to constantly search the Internet and let users know when their friends or associates connect. It will automatically alert you with a text and/or audio message when anyone on your list of contacts gets on the Internet
It provides the non-profit with the ability to network and find others who have similar goals. The user can either join an already established community or create one of their own by building a home page to which interested users will be sent There are hundreds of communities on the ICQ network maintained by individuals and groups alike. ICQ can be a valuable source of information for non-profits looking for advi coun ICQ is the most popular instant messenger at Download. com and boasts more than 50 million registered users. This doesn't surprise us one bit. ICQ is one of our top choices because we think it offers the most comprehensive set of features of any instant-messenger program. But perhaps the abundance of features causes ICQs only problem: ICQ includes so many great tools, no one nows all of them Unless, that is, you read this article. Weve compiled 50 tips and tricks from CNET Help. com t help you master ICQs intricacies. Whether you're a novice or a veteran, and whether you run an old version of ICQ or you' ve upgraded to ICQ 2000, you'll find something to suit your needs 4.Supplementary readi g Reading Comprehension. 6.a 8.d9.d 10.d
3 It provides the non-profit with the ability to network and find others who have similar goals. The user can either join an already established community or create one of their own by building a home page to which interested users will be sent. There are hundreds of communities on the ICQ network maintained by individuals and interest groups alike. ICQ can be a valuable source of information for non-profits looking for advice and counsel. ICQ is the most popular instant messenger at Download.com and boasts more than 50 million registered users. This doesn’t surprise us one bit. ICQ is one of our top choices because we think it offers the most comprehensive set of features of any instant-messenger program. But perhaps the abundance of features causes ICQ’s only problem: ICQ includes so many great tools, no one knows all of them. Unless, that is, you read this article. We’ve compiled 50 tips and tricks from CNET Help.com to help you master ICQ’s intricacies. Whether you’re a novice or a veteran, and whether you run an old version of ICQ or you’ve upgraded to ICQ 2000, you’ll find something to suit your needs. 4.Supplementary Reading. Reading Comprehension. 1. d 2. b 3..d 4. c 5. c 6. a 7. c 8. d 9. d 10. d
Chapter 2 I. Answer the following questions (1)What is newsgroup and what topics does newsgroup cover? Usenet is a collection of electronic discussion groups, each functioning as a sort of special-interest bulletin board. In general, bulletin boards or forums-such as Usenet newsgroups-function as communal e-mail. Each electronic discussion bulletin board is called a newsgroup. It is a place to share information, thoughts and feelings, where you can read news, respond to it and even post your own article They cover all manner of topics: politics, history, pets, books, movies, musi sex-even practical firsthand information on certain software! Within each of many general categories there are subcategories, and even subcategories of those (2)Does newsgroup work in the same way as the Web? No. a typical Web site exists on a Web server somewhere on the Internet, and folks anywhere can access your Web pages. Although search engines such as Excite, Infoseek, or Yahoo can help folks find your site, your site exists in one place. That is, your site can be accessed from anywhere and from any computer But Usenet newsgroups are different. First off, the newsgroups' news isn't located at computers operated by Internet service providers, schools, universities, and companies These news servers contain databases of newsgroup articles. To access newsgroups, you connect to one of these servers, much as you'd connect to your ISP's mail server. And the etwork structure of Usenet isnt centralized at any particular computer or site, it's spread all over the place So, basically, there is no central server on Usenet. Theres a bunch of servers, each one connected to other news servers (3)How does the article I post pass on to other news server? Newsgroup articles are passed along to lots of separate news-server computers. These news servers connect to one another. The news move from one news server to another. For example, your ISP's server sends your article to another server. That server will pass my article on-feed it-to the servers connecting with it, and so on. Your article will simply propagate itself from server to server, traveling to places you might never expect (4)Why cant you see all the newsgroups since theoretically speaking, there is no central ontrol over the Usenet news process? Thats because there is a lot of local control, and that strongly affects which newsgroups you see, and how you see them. For example, your ISP doesnt decide which Web sites you can visit. But, in fact your ISP could censor out certain sites if it wanted and some do. Thats because administrators of newsgroup servers choose the newsgroups they'lI carry. Sometimes they do not carry all the newsgroups that the server upstream (5) How are newsgroups named? Theyre structured into parts separated by dots. Each part may be up to 14 character ng, and should consist only of letters, digits,“+”and“-”, with at least one letter. Names fall into clear hierarchies. The first part is the most general. The second is more specific
4 Chapter 2 1. Answer the following questions. (1) What is newsgroup and what topics does newsgroup cover? Usenet is a collection of electronic discussion groups, each functioning as a sort of special-interest bulletin board. In general, bulletin boards or forums—such as Usenet newsgroups—function as communal e-mail. Each electronic discussion bulletin board is called a newsgroup. It is a place to share information, thoughts and feelings, where you can read news, respond to it and even post your own article. They cover all manner of topics: politics, history, pets, books, movies, music, sex—even practical firsthand information on certain software! Within each of many general categories there are subcategories, and even subcategories of those. (2) Does newsgroup work in the same way as the Web? No. A typical Web site exists on a Web server somewhere on the Internet, and folks anywhere can access your Web pages. Although search engines such as Excite, Infoseek, or Yahoo can help folks find your site, your site exists in one place. That is, your site can be accessed from anywhere and from any computer. But Usenet newsgroups are different. First off, the newsgroups’ news isn’t located at computers operated by Internet service providers, schools, universities, and companies. These news servers contain databases of newsgroup articles. To access newsgroups, you connect to one of these servers, much as you’d connect to your ISP’s mail server. And the network structure of Usenet isn’t centralized at any particular computer or site; it’s spread all over the place. So, basically, there is no central server on Usenet. There’s a bunch of servers, each one connected to other news servers. (3) How does the article I post pass on to other news server? Newsgroup articles are passed along to lots of separate news-server computers. These news servers connect to one another. The news move from one news server to another. For example, your ISP’s server sends your article to another server. That server will pass my article on—feed it—to the servers connecting with it, and so on. Your article will simply propagate itself from server to server, traveling to places you might never expect. (4) Why can’t you see all the newsgroups since theoretically speaking, there is no central control over the Usenet news process? That’s because there is a lot of local control, and that strongly affects which newsgroups you see, and how you see them. For example, your ISP doesn’t decide which Web sites you can visit. But, in fact, your ISP could censor out certain sites if it wanted, and some do. That’s because administrators of newsgroup servers choose the newsgroups they’ll carry. Sometimes they do not carry all the newsgroups that the server upstream from it carries. (5) How are newsgroups named? They’re structured into parts separated by dots. Each part may be up to 14 characters long, and should consist only of letters, digits, “+” and “-”, with at least one letter. Names fall into clear hierarchies. The first part is the most general. The second is more specific
and so on. For example, all computer-related groups fall under"comp", and all recreational/hobby groups fall under"rec. Each may be subdivided into second, third and lower level hierarchies, such as the"rec photo" " example above (6)What process do you have to go through if you want to log on to one newsgroup by using Internet Explore 4? In Internet Explorer 4, click Go/News button. This will automatically take you to Outlook Express news reader. Then follow the instruction, and enter your name and e-mail address and then the name of the news server. Next you'll indicate the type of Internet connection you have(Lan or phone connection) and indicate which dial-up connection you've already established(the one currently serving your Web/e-mail access will work fine. (7) How can you subscribe and read articles from newsgroup? Once you have established the connection to one or two news servers, you may click on the news server icon and select Subscribe. A newsgroup Window will pop up and connect to the news server. If you've never connected to the news server before, the newsgroup reader will download the names of all the newsgroups carried on the server After that, you can start to browse through the list of newsgroup names and their descriptions, or type in the name of a specific newsgroup. Or you can enter a word to search for a list of newsgroups containing that word If a group interests you, select it and click the Subscribe button This essentially links you to that group. The reader will then list any separate news articles that you haven't read To read an article simply double click it (8)If you want to link your Web site to newsgroups, what should you do You may employ certain operating systems including news server software, such as Netobjects, and most Unix operating systems. This will link your site to the newsgroups at that news server and carry its newsgroups If you use NetObjects Fusion, you may choose a link, then click on the External Link tab. Click on the arrow next to URL and select News: // then fill in the newsgroup name you want to link to (9)Why does it happen sometimes that those accessing to your site from a different ISP cannot link to a newsgroup at your own ISP? Thats because the IsP may block outsiders from accessing the news server. They may have hit the firewall and were blocked from access. So before you make the link to a news server, you'd better ask the Web site host if they are willing to provide the access (10) Is starting a newsgroup easy No. It is a complicated process. First, check and see if there already exists the newsgroup you imagined. Then, find if the Usenet users think that it is needed because you have to convince the main news server providers to carry your group. To do so, you'd better post an on-line proposal and put it to a vote. 2. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the phrases from the list. (1)tap into (2)Chances are that ()get involved in (4)keep.up-to-date with
5 and so on. For example, all computer-related groups fall under “comp”, and all recreational/hobby groups fall under “rec.”. Each may be subdivided into second, third, and lower level hierarchies, such as the “rec.photo” example above. (6) What process do you have to go through if you want to log on to one newsgroup by using Internet Explore 4? In Internet Explorer 4, click Go/News button. This will automatically take you to Outlook Express’ news reader. Then follow the instruction, and enter your name and e-mail address and then the name of the news server. Next you’ll indicate the type of Internet connection you have (LAN or phone connection) and indicate which dial-up connection you’ve already established (the one currently serving your Web/e-mail access will work fine.) (7) How can you subscribe and read articles from newsgroup? Once you have established the connection to one or two news servers, you may click on the news server icon and select Subscribe. A newsgroup Window will pop up and connect to the news server. If you’ve never connected to the news server before, the newsgroup reader will download the names of all the newsgroups carried on the server. After that, you can start to browse through the list of newsgroup names and their descriptions, or type in the name of a specific newsgroup. Or you can enter a word to search for a list of newsgroups containing that word. If a group interests you, select it and click the Subscribe button. This essentially links you to that group. The reader will then list any separate news articles that you haven’t read. To read an article simply double click it. (8) If you want to link your Web site to newsgroups, what should you do? You may employ certain operating systems including news server software, such as NetObjects, and most Unix operating systems. This will link your site to the newsgroups at that news server and carry its newsgroups. If you use NetObjects Fusion, you may choose a link, then click on the External Link tab. Click on the arrow next to URL and select News:// , then fill in the newsgroup name you want to link to. (9) Why does it happen sometimes that those accessing to your site from a different ISP cannot link to a newsgroup at your own ISP? That’s because the ISP may block outsiders from accessing the news server. They may have hit the firewall and were blocked from access. So before you make the link to a news server, you’d better ask the Web site host if they are willing to provide the access. (10) Is starting a newsgroup easy? No. It is a complicated process. First, check and see if there already exists the newsgroup you imagined. Then, find if the Usenet users think that it is needed because you have to convince the main news server providers to carry your group. To do so, you’d better post an on-line proposal and put it to a vote. 2. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the phrases from the list. (1) tap into (2) Chances are that (3) get involved in (4) keep …up-to-date with