经典黑洞的性质:黑洞力学四定律 The oth law k=const The 1st law dM=kdA8兀G+gdJ+更dQ The 2nd law dA>0 The 3rd law k->0 (k,表面引力,类似于引力加速度) ( .M. Bardeen, B. Carter, S. Hawking, CMP, 1973)
The 0th law k =const. The 1st law d M=k dA/8πG + Ω d J+Φ dQ The 2nd law d A >0 The 3rd law k ->0 经典黑洞的性质：黑洞力学四定律 （k, 表面引力，类似于引力加速度） (J.M. Bardeen,B. Carter, S. Hawking, CMP,1973)
Wheeler问: 假如某个热力学体系掉入黑洞,将导致什么? J. Bekenstein(1973):黑洞有热力学娟! S~A.视界面积
Wheeler 问： 假如某个热力学体系掉入黑洞，将导致什么？ 热力学第二定律将违背吗？ J. Bekenstein（1973）：黑洞有热力学熵！ S ~ A, 视界面积
Hawking不以为然 大力反对 Bekenstein的观点! 可是考虑了黑洞周围的量子力学后, Hawking (1974,1975)发现黑洞不黑,有热辐射 -2Rguv=8G<Tv For Schwarzschild black hole, T=h /STkGM
Hawking 不以为然, 大力反对Bekenstein 的观点！ 可是考虑了黑洞周围的量子力学后， Hawking （1974，1975）发现黑洞不黑，有热辐射！ 1 2 R Rg G − = 8 T For Schwarzschild black hole, 3 T c kGM = / 8
S=4 黑洞热力学四定律 The oth law T=Const. on the horizon The 1st law dM=TdS+gdJ+ΦdQ The 2nd law d(SBH+Smatter >=0 The 3rd law T>0
2 T K = 4 A S = G The 0th law T=Const. on the horizon The 1st law d M= T d S + Ω d J+Φ d Q The 2nd law d (SBH +Smatter)>=0 The 3rd law T->0 黑洞热力学四定律：
Hawking radiation and Information Loss paradox S Hawking, PRD, 1976; a bet established in 1997
Hawking radiation and Information Loss Paradox S. Hawking, PRD, 1976; a bet established in 1997