Morphology and Syntax England's Queen is Elizabeth I. The Queen of England is Elizabeth Il He loves books He is a lover of books The planes which fly are red The flying planes are red He is hungrier than she He is more hungry than She
Morphology and Syntax ◼ England’s Queen is Elizabeth II. The Queen of England is Elizabeth II. He loves books. He is a lover of books. The planes which fly are red. The flying planes are red. He is hungrier than she. He is more hungry than She
Syntax To grammar even kings bow J. B Moliere. Les femmes savantes, 1672 The Sentence Patterns of Language Knowledge of a L includes the ability to construct phrases and sentences out of morphemes and words. The part of the grammar that represents a speaker's K of these structures and their formation is called Syntax
Syntax ◼ To grammar even kings bow. J. B. Moliere, Les femmes savantes, II, 1672 ◼ The Sentence Patterns of Language ◼ Knowledge of a L includes the ability to construct phrases and sentences out of morphemes and words. The part of the grammar that represents a speaker’s K of these structures and their formation is called Syntax
a Part of what we mean by structure is word order. The meaning of a sentence depends to great extent on thethe order in which words occur in a sentence I don't sing because I am happy. I am happy because I sing Brazil defeated Germany. a Germany defeated Brazil However, sometimes a change of word order has no effect on meaning: The Chief Justice swore in the new President The Chief Justice swore the new president in The grammars of all languages include rules of syntax that reflect speaker's knowledge
◼ Part of what we mean by structure is word order. The meaning of a sentence depends to great extent on the the order in which words occur in a sentence. ◼ “I don’t sing because I am happy. I am happy because I sing.” ◼ Brazil defeated Germany. ◼ Germany defeated Brazil. ◼ However, sometimes a change of word order has no effect on meaning: ◼ The Chief Justice swore in the new President. ◼ The Chief Justice swore the new president in. ◼ The grammars of all languages include rules of syntax that reflect speaker’s knowledge
What Grammaticality Is Based On a. The boy found the ball b. The boy found quickly C. The boy found in the house d. The boy found the ball in the house e. Disa slept the baby. f. Disa slept soundly g. Zack believes Robert to be a gentleman h. Zack believes to be a gentleman Zack tries Robert to be a gentleman i. Zack tries to be a gentleman k. Zack wants to be a gentleman . Zack wants Robert to be a gentleman
What Grammaticality Is Based On a. The boy found the ball. b. The boy found quickly c. The boy found in the house d. The boy found the ball in the house e. Disa slept the baby. f. Disa slept soundly. g. Zack believes Robert to be a gentleman. h. Zack believes to be a gentleman. i. Zack tries Robert to be a gentleman. j. Zack tries to be a gentleman. k. Zack wants to be a gentleman. l. Zack wants Robert to be a gentleman
m. Jack and Jⅲ‖ ran up the hill n. Jack and Jill ran up the bill 0. Jack and Jill ran the hill up p. Jack and Jill ran the bill up g. Up the hill ran Jack and Jill r. Up the bill ran Jack and Jill Grammaticality judgements are not idiosyncratic but are determined by rules that are shared by speakers of a language The syntactic rules that account for the ability to make these judgements include, in addition to rules of word order. other constraints To be a sentence words must confirm to specific patterns determined by the syntactic rules of the L
m. Jack and Jill ran up the hill. n..Jack and Jill ran up the bill. o. Jack and Jill ran the hill up. p. Jack and Jill ran the bill up. q. Up the hill ran Jack and Jill. r. Up the Bill ran Jack and Jill. Grammaticality judgements are not idiosyncratic but are determined by rules that are shared by speakers of a language. The syntactic rules that account for the ability to make these judgements include, in addition to rules of word order, other constraints. To be a sentence , words must confirm to specific patterns determined by the syntactic rules of the L