《英语文学导论》第四模块---英语诗歌 教学计划 (索宇环) I.William Wordsworth(1770-1850) a major English Romantic poet who,with Samuel Taylor Coleridge,helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their joint publication Lyrical Ballads (1798). Major Works: Lyrical Ballads,with a Few Other Poems(1798) "Lines Written in Early Spring" "We are Seven" "The Tables Turned" "Lines Composed A Few Miles above Tintern Abbey" Lyrical Ballads,with Other Poems (1800) Preface to the Lyrical Ballads "Strange fits of passion have I known"[32] "She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways"[32] "Three years she grew"[32] "A Slumber Did my Spirit Seal"[32] "I travelled among unknown men"[32] "Lucy Gray" 1
1 《英语文学导论》第四模块----英语诗歌 教学计划 （索宇环） I. illiam Wordsworth (1770-1850) a major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their joint publication Lyrical Ballads (1798). Major Works: Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems (1798) "Lines ritten in Early Spring" "e are Seven" "The Tables Turned" "Lines Composed A Few Miles above Tintern Abbey" Lyrical Ballads, with Other Poems (1800) Preface to the Lyrical Ballads "Strange fits of passion have I known"[32] "She Dwelt among the Untrodden ays"[32] "Three years she grew"[32] "A Slumber Did my Spirit Seal"[32] "I travelled among unknown men"[32] "Lucy Gray
"The Two April Mornings" "The Solitary Reaper" Poems,in Two Volumes (1807) "Resolution and Independence" "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud"Also known as "Daffodils" "My Heart Leaps Up" "Ode:Intimations of Immortality" "Ode to Duty" "The Solitary Reaper" Guide to the Lakes (1810) To the Cuckoo The Excursion(1814) The Prelude(1850) Romanticism Romanticism was an artistic,literary,and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and was at its peak from 1800 to 1850.It was partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution,Enlightenment,and the scientific rationalization of nature. The movement emphasized intense emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience,placing new emphasis on such emotions as apprehension,horror and terror,and awe-especially that experienced in confronting the new aesthetic categories of the sublimity and beauty of nature.Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne were American representatives of Romanticism, Romanticism attached primary importance to the free expression of the feelings of the artist.The importance the Romantics placed on emotion is summed up in the remark of William Wordsworth,that is,poetry should begin as "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings,"which the poet then "recollect[s]in tranquility," evoking a new but corresponding emotion the poet can then mould into art.To express these feelings,it was considered that the content of the art had to come from the imagination of the artist,with as little interference as possible from "artificial"rules that dictated what a work should consist of.Samuel Taylor Coleridge and others believed there were natural laws that the imagination-at least of a good creative artist-would unconsciously follow through artistic inspiration if left alone. In the second half of the 19th century,Realism was offered as a polar opposite to Romanticism.The decline of Romanticism during this time was associated with multiple processes,including social and political changes and the spread of nationalism Selected Poems: 2
2 "The Two April Mornings" "The Solitary Reaper" Poems, in Two Volumes (1807) "Resolution and Independence" "I andered Lonely as a Cloud" Also known as "Daffodils" "My Heart Leaps Up" "Ode: Intimations of Immortality" "Ode to Duty" "The Solitary Reaper" Guide to the Lakes (1810) " To the Cuckoo " The Excursion (1814) The Prelude (1850) Romanticism Romanticism was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and was at its peak from 1800 to 1850. It was partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, Enlightenment, and the scientific rationalization of nature. The movement emphasized intense emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as apprehension, horror and terror, and awe—especially that experienced in confronting the new aesthetic categories of the sublimity and beauty of nature. Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne were American representatives of Romanticism, Romanticism attached primary importance to the free expression of the feelings of the artist. The importance the Romantics placed on emotion is summed up in the remark of illiam ordsworth, that is, poetry should begin as "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings," which the poet then "recollect[s] in tranquility," evoking a new but corresponding emotion the poet can then mould into art. To express these feelings, it was considered that the content of the art had to come from the imagination of the artist, with as little interference as possible from "artificial" rules that dictated what a work should consist of. Samuel Taylor Coleridge and others believed there were natural laws that the imagination—at least of a good creative artist—would unconsciously follow through artistic inspiration if left alone. In the second half of the 19th century, Realism was offered as a polar opposite to Romanticism. The decline of Romanticism during this time was associated with multiple processes, including social and political changes and the spread of nationalism. Selected Poems:
Lines Written in Early Spring (1797) I heard a thousand blended notes, While in a grove I sate reclined, In that sweet mood when pleasant thoughts Bring sad thoughts to the mind. To her fair works did nature link The human soul that through me ran; And much it grieved my heart to think What man has made of man. Through primrose tufts,in that sweet bower, The periwinkle trailed its wreaths; And 'tis my faith that every flower Enjoys the air it breathes. The birds around me hopped and played: Their thoughts I cannot measure, But the least motion which they made, It seemed a thrill of pleasure. The budding twigs spread out their fan, To catch the breezy air; And I must think,do all I can, That there was pleasure there. If this belief from heaven be sent, If such be Nature's holy plan, Have I not reason to lament What man has made of man? Questions 1.How could pleasant thoughts bring sad thoughts? 2.What does the speaker mean when he laments"what man has made of man"? She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways(1799) She dwelt among the untrodden ways Beside the springs of Dove, A Maid whom there were none to praise 3
3 Lines Written in Early Spring (1797) I heard a thousand blended notes, hile in a grove I sate reclined, In that sweet mood when pleasant thoughts Bring sad thoughts to the mind. To her fair works did nature link The human soul that through me ran; And much it grieved my heart to think hat man has made of man. Through primrose tufts, in that sweet bower, The periwinkle trailed its wreaths; And ‘tis my faith that every flower Enjoys the air it breathes. The birds around me hopped and played: Their thoughts I cannot measure, But the least motion which they made, It seemed a thrill of pleasure. The budding twigs spread out their fan, To catch the breezy air; And I must think, do all I can, That there was pleasure there. If this belief from heaven be sent, If such be Nature’s holy plan, Have I not reason to lament hat man has made of man? Questions : 1. How could pleasant thoughts bring sad thoughts? 2. hat does the speaker mean when he laments “what man has made of man”? She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways (1799) She dwelt among the untrodden ways Beside the springs of Dove, A Maid whom there were none to praise
And very few to love: A violet by a mossy stone Half hidden from the eye! -Fair as a star,when only one Is shining in the sky. She lived unknown,and few could know When Lucy ceased to be; But she is in her grave,and,oh, The difference to me！ Questions: 1.What is implied in the fact that"she dwelt among the untrodden ways?" 2.Why did the speaker pay so much attention to a girl whom"none to praise"? The Daffodils(1806) I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o'er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host,of golden daffodils; Beside the lake,beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the Milky Way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay: Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. The waves beside them danced,but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: A Poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund company: I gazed-and gazed-but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought: For oft,when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude; 4
4 And very few to love: A violet by a mossy stone Half hidden from the eye! —Fair as a star, when only one Is shining in the sky. She lived unknown, and few could know hen Lucy ceased to be; But she is in her grave, and, oh, The difference to me! Questions: 1. hat is implied in the fact that “she dwelt among the untrodden ways?” 2. hy did the speaker pay so much attention to a girl whom “none to praise”? The Daffodils (1806) I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o’er vales and hills, hen all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the Milky ay, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay: Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. The waves beside them danced, but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: A Poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund company: I gazed—and gazed—but little thought hat wealth the show to me had brought: For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye hich is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils. Questions: 1.Did the speaker enjoy or grieve solitude? 2.What do“cloud'and“daffodils”symbolize? The Solitary Reaper (1806) Behold her,single in the field, Yon solitary Highland Lass! Reaping and singing by herself; Stop here,or gently pass! Alone she cuts and binds the grain, And sings a melancholy strain; O listen!for the Vale profound Is overflowing with the sound. No Nightingale did ever chaunt More welcome notes to weary bands Of travellers in some shady haunt, Among Arabian sands: A voice so thrilling ne'er was heard In spring-time from the Cuckoo-bird, Breaking the silence of the seas Among the farthest Hebrides. Will no one tell me what she sings?- Perhaps the plaintive numbers flow For old,unhappy,far-off things, And battles long ago: Or is it some more humble lay. Familiar matter of to-day? Some natural sorrow,loss,or pain, That has been,and may be again? Whate'er the theme,the Maiden sang As if her song could have no ending; I saw her singing at her work, And o'er the sickle bending;- I listen'd,motionless and still; And,as I mounted up the hill, The music in my heart I bore, 5
5 And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils. Questions: 1. Did the speaker enjoy or grieve solitude? 2. hat do “cloud” and “daffodils” symbolize? The Solitary Reaper (1806) Behold her, single in the field, Yon solitary Highland Lass! Reaping and singing by herself; Stop here, or gently pass! Alone she cuts and binds the grain, And sings a melancholy strain; O listen! for the Vale profound Is overflowing with the sound. No Nightingale did ever chaunt More welcome notes to weary bands Of travellers in some shady haunt, Among Arabian sands: A voice so thrilling ne’er was heard In spring-time from the Cuckoo-bird, Breaking the silence of the seas Among the farthest Hebrides. ill no one tell me what she sings?— Perhaps the plaintive numbers flow For old, unhappy, far-off things, And battles long ago: Or is it some more humble lay, Familiar matter of to-day? Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain, That has been, and may be again? hate’er the theme, the Maiden sang As if her song could have no ending; I saw her singing at her work, And o’er the sickle bending;— I listen’d, motionless and still; And, as I mounted up the hill, The music in my heart I bore