ClaasRoom He pretended to be listening attentively. c)完成进行式在谓语所表示的时间之前一直进行的动作,就要用不定式的完成进行式 The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years We are happy to have been working with you d)被动式:当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动 形式 It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here She hated to be flattered He wanted the letter to be typed at once This is bound to be found out There are a lot of things to be done She was too young to be assigned such work 2)功用:不定式可以作主语(a),宾语(b),表语(c),定语(d)或是状语(e) To scold her would not be jus b. We are planning to build a reservoir here c. One of our main tasks now is to mechanize agriculture d. Do you have anything to declare? e. We have come to learn from you 3)不带to的不定式 a)在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中,如果动词是表示感觉意义的see,hear, watch,smel,fe, notice等,或是表示“致使”意义的have,make,let等,其后的不定式结构不带to John made her tell him everything 这类结构转换为被动语态时,后面的不带to的不定式一般还原为带to的不定式 She was made to tell him everything b)IE had better, had best, would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might (just)as well annot but等搭配之后,动词不定式也不带to I'd rather not have eggs and bacon for breakfast They cannot but accept his term c)IE make do, make believe, let drop, let fall, let fly, let slip, let drive, let go of, let there be, hear say, hear tell, leave go of等固定搭配中,用不带to的动词不定式 John let fly a torrent of abuse at m I,ve heard tell of him d)在动词help(或help+宾语)之后可用不带to的不定式,也可用带to的不定式 Can I help(to) lift this heavy box? AnthonyHoEmail:anthonyho@citiz.net 大学英语四级语法精要
Anthony Ho Email: anthonyho@citiz.net 大学英语四级语法精要 Page 6 of 24 He pretended to be listening attentively. c) 完成进行式: 在谓语所表示的时间之前一直进行的动作, 就要用不定式的完成进行式. The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years. We are happy to have been working with you. d) 被动式: 当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时, 不定式一般要用被动 形式. It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here. She hated to be flattered. He wanted the letter to be typed at once. This is bound to be found out. There are a lot of things to be done. She was too young to be assigned such work. 2) 功用: 不定式可以作主语 (a), 宾语 (b), 表语 (c), 定语 (d) 或是状语 (e). a. To scold her would not be just. b. We are planning to build a reservoir here. c. One of our main tasks now is to mechanize agriculture. d. Do you have anything to declare? e. We have come to learn from you. 3) 不带 to 的不定式: a) 在“动词+ 宾语+不定式”结构中, 如果动词是表示感觉意义的 see, hear, watch, smell, feel, notice 等, 或是表示“致使”意义的 have, make, let 等, 其后的不定式结构不带 to. John made her tell him everything. 这类结构转换为被动语态时, 后面的不带 to 的不定式一般还原为带 to 的不定式. She was made to tell him everything. b) 在 had better, had best, would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might (just) as well, cannot but 等搭配之后, 动词不定式也不带 to. I’d rather not have eggs and bacon for breakfast. They cannot but accept his term. c) 在 make do, make believe, let drop, let fall, let fly, let slip, let drive, let go of, let there be, hear say, hear tell, leave go of 等固定搭配中, 用不带 to 的动词不定式. John let fly a torrent of abuse at me. I’ve heard tell of him. d) 在动词 help(或 help +宾语)之后可用不带 to 的不定式, 也可用带 to 的不定式. Can I help (to) lift this heavy box?
e)在介词 except,but之后,如果其前有动词do的某种形式,不定式一般不带to,反之带to. There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining Smith will do anything but work on a farm There's no choice but to wait till it stops raining f)连词 rather than, sooner than置于句首时,其后的不定式不带 Rather than push the book back as he wanted to do, he forced himself to pick it up 出现在句中其他位置时,其后的不定式有时带to,有时不带to He decided to write rather than telephone The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages g)用作补语的动词不定式,如果主语是由“al+关系分句”,“ thing+关系分句”,“what分句” 或“ thing+不定式结构”等构成,并带有do的某种形式,这时,作为主语补语的不定式可 以省to,也可以不省 What he will do is(to)spoil the whole thing All you do now is complete the form The only thing I can do now is go on by myself The thing to do now is clear up this mess The least I can do is drive everybody else closer to the issue 4)不定式的其他用法 a)too.to结构通常表示否定意义 She was too young to understand all that enough.to结构则表示肯定意义 She was not old enough to understand all that not too but too, all too, only too等和不定式连用时,不定式一般不表示否定意义 He's only too pleased to help her so.as(o)这种结构也可用不定式作状语 Be so kind as to drop in some time when you are free. b)如果要说明不定是表示的动作是谁做的,可以在不定式前加一个for引起的短语 It is not hard for one to do a bit of good It is a great honour for us to be present at this rally 在以某些形容词(如kind,good,nice,wise, unwise, clever,sily, wrong,rght, foolish, stupid, careless; considerate,rude, naughty., impolite等)作表语时,不定式前可加一个of引起的短语,来说 明不定式指的是谁的情况 It's kind of you to think so much of us AnthonyHoEmail:anthonyho@citiz.net 大学英语四级语法精要 Page 7 of 24
Anthony Ho Email: anthonyho@citiz.net 大学英语四级语法精要 Page 7 of 24 e) 在介词 except, but 之后, 如果其前有动词 do 的某种形式, 不定式一般不带 to, 反之带 to. There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining. Smith will do anything but work on a farm. There’s no choice but to wait till it stops raining. f) 连词 rather than, sooner than 置于句首时, 其后的不定式不带 to. Rather than push the book back as he wanted to do, he forced himself to pick it up. 出现在句中其他位置时, 其后的不定式有时带 to, 有时不带 to. He decided to write rather than telephone. The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages. g) 用作补语的动词不定式, 如果主语是由“all + 关系分句”，“thing +关系分句”，“what 分句” 或“thing +不定式结构”等构成，并带有 do 的某种形式，这时，作为主语补语的不定式可 以省 to，也可以不省. What he will do is (to) spoil the whole thing. All you do now is complete the form The only thing I can do now is go on by myself. The thing to do now is clear up this mess. The least I can do is drive everybody else closer to the issue. 4) 不定式的其他用法 a) too…to 结构通常表示否定意义: She was too young to understand all that. enough…to 结构则表示肯定意义: She was not old enough to understand all that. not too, but too, all too, only too 等和不定式连用时,不定式一般不表示否定意义: He’s only too pleased to help her. so…as (to)这种结构也可用不定式作状语: Be so kind as to drop in some time when you are free. b) 如果要说明不定是表示的动作是谁做的, 可以在不定式前加一个 for 引起的短语: It is not hard for one to do a bit of good. It is a great honour for us to be present at this rally. 在以某些形容词(如 kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite 等)作表语时, 不定式前可加一个 of 引起的短语, 来说 明不定式指的是谁的情况: It’s kind of you to think so much of us
ClaasRoom (It is) Awfully good of you to come and meet us It's very nice of you to be so considerate It's unwise of them to turn down the proposal 2.Ving形式(现在分词及动名词) 1)形式 a)完成式:如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,通常用动名词的完成 形 He didn't mention having met me I regret not having taken her advice 在某些动词后(或成语中),常用(或可以用)动名词的一般形式,尽管动作是在谓语所表示的动作 之前发生的 Excuse me for coming late I dont remember ever seeing him anywhere 现在分词的完成式主要用在状语中,表示这动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生 Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide Having found the cause, they were able to propose a remedy 另外,独立结构也可用现在分词的完成形式 The guests having left, they resumed their discussion The children, having eating their fill, were allowed to leave the table b)被动式当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的对象时,动名词一般要用被动形式 His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness He couldn t bear being made fun of like that. 但要注意,在want,need, deserve, require等动词后,尽管表示的是被动的意思,却用动名词的主 动形式 My pen needs filling The point deserves mentioning This problem requires studying with great care orth这个形容词后情形也是这样 Her method is worth trying 现在分词的被动式可以用来作定语,宾语补足语,状语及用于独立结构中 This is one of the experiments being carried on in our laboratory You' ll find the topic being discussed everywhere Being asked to give a performance, she couldn't very well refuse AnthonyHoEmail:anthonyho@citiz.net 大学英语四级语法精要 Page 8 of 24
Anthony Ho Email: anthonyho@citiz.net 大学英语四级语法精要 Page 8 of 24 (It is) Awfully good of you to come and meet us. It’s very nice of you to be so considerate. It’s unwise of them to turn down the proposal. 2. V+ing 形式(现在分词及动名词) 1) 形式 a) 完成式: 如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生, 通常用动名词的完成 形式. He didn’t mention having met me. I regret not having taken her advice. 在某些动词后(或成语中), 常用(或可以用)动名词的一般形式, 尽管动作是在谓语所表示的动作 之前发生的. Excuse me for coming late. I don’t remember ever seeing him anywhere. 现在分词的完成式主要用在状语中, 表示这动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生. Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide. Having found the cause, they were able to propose a remedy. 另外, 独立结构也可用现在分词的完成形式. The guests having left, they resumed their discussion. The children, having eating their fill, were allowed to leave the table. b) 被动式: 当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的对象时, 动名词一般要用被动形式. His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness. He couldn’t bear being made fun of like that. 但要注意, 在 want, need, deserve, require 等动词后, 尽管表示的是被动的意思, 却用动名词的主 动形式. My pen needs filling. The point deserves mentioning. This problem requires studying with great care. 在 worth 这个形容词后情形也是这样. Her method is worth trying. 现在分词的被动式可以用来作定语, 宾语补足语, 状语及用于独立结构中. This is one of the experiments being carried on in our laboratory. You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere. Being asked to give a performance, she couldn’t very well refuse