英语专业课程教学大纲 Week 4 Features of consonants and rules of articulation(1) The consonants are classified into different groups according to the work of the vocal cords, place of articulation and manner of articulation. This course deals with the rules of articulation of plosives [p) [b tdl,kgl,fricatves.v]2[θ][ol,[sl,[zl,[∫l[sh][r]andaricatesfjc][url[dr[ts Idz]. A lot of sample words or phonetic transcripts are presented for practices. Mispronunciations are pointed out and corrected The consonants v][el[],It ]seem to be problems For v, the lower lips should rise to and press against the upper teeth For[e, the tip of the tongue rise to touch or protrude between the teeth For [ I, the tip and blade of the tongue rise towards the back part of the teeth ridge. The mispronunciation is produced when the tip of the tongue is put forward than it should be put. And the lips should round slightly For [t], the tip of the tongue rises to touch the back part of the teeth ridge. And the lips are somewhat protruded
英语专业课程教学大纲 102 Week 4 Features of consonants and rules of articulation (1) The consonants are classified into different groups according to the work of the vocal cords, place of articulation and manner of articulation. This course deals with the rules of articulation of plosives [p],[b], [t],[d], [k],[g], fricatives [f], [v], [θ], [ð ], [s], [z], [ʃ ], [ς],[h] ,[r] and affricates [ʧ ] [ʤ ] [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz]. A lot of sample words or phonetic transcripts are presented for practices. Mispronunciations are pointed out and corrected. The consonants [v], [θ], [ʃ ], [ʧ ]seem to be problems: For [v], the lower lips should rise to and press against the upper teeth. For [θ], the tip of the tongue rise to touch or protrude between the teeth. For [ʃ ], the tip and blade of the tongue rise towards the back part of the teeth ridge. The mispronunciation is produced when the tip of the tongue is put forward than it should be put. And the lips should round slightly. For [ʧ ], the tip of the tongue rises to touch the back part of the teeth ridge. And the lips are somewhat protruded
Week 5 Features of consonants and rules of articulation(2) These classes deal with the rest of the consonants: Nasals [m], [n] and [ol, laterals [][t semi-vowels [wl[. The methods adopted mainly are correcting mispronunciations by a lot of reading aloud, reading and comparing exercises. However, the most important thing is to make very clear the rules of articulation. Only directed by the rules could the students once and forever command the correct way of When producing [], the tip of the tongue presses against the upper teeth ridge, while the sides of the tongue are lowered The body of the tongue forms a slope [ t is a variety of [l]. It is when the letter l is the final position of the words or before consonants, and it is also call the dark the tip of the tongue lowered, and the back of the tongue is raise, so that the body of the tongue forms a curved
语音 103 Week 5 Features of consonants and rules of articulation (2) These classes deal with the rest of the consonants: Nasals [m], [n] and [ŋ], laterals [l] [ɫ], semi-vowels [w] [j]. The methods adopted mainly are correcting mispronunciations by a lot of reading aloud, reading and comparing exercises. However, the most important thing is to make very clear the rules of articulation. Only directed by the rules could the students once and forever command the correct way of articulation. When producing [l], the tip of the tongue presses against the upper teeth ridge, while the sides of the tongue are lowered. The body of the tongue forms a slope. [ɫ] is a variety of [l]. It is when the letter l is in the final position of the words or before consonants, and it is also call the dark [l], the tip of the tongue is lowered, and the back of the tongue is raise, so that the body of the tongue forms a curved shape
英语专业课程教学大纲 Week 6 Read and compare exercises on consonants These two periods aim at correcting the mispronunciation of all the consonants. Fifteen pairs of similar and confusing vowels are presented and carefully examined. They are &团+],团f&Ⅳv]v&Ww]&[z]]&[],[∫]&[g]0]&[s,[]&[z,]&[[dr]& []tr]&[t l [v]& w]. Differences between them are described and emphasized, with the repetition of articulating rules for each. Some students are required to make demonstrations, while others point out the mistakes the the mispronunciation of [w] for [v] is very common among the students. The mistake occurs when lower teeth doesn't rise to touch the upper lip When producing [s], the tip of the tongue is close to the teeth ridge Iw]and [] are semi-vowels, because they are speech sounds of vowel quality used as a consonants They are quick, smooth, non-friction glide towards a following vowel sound
英语专业课程教学大纲 104 Week 6 Read and Compare Exercises on consonants These two periods aim at correcting the mispronunciation of all the consonants. Fifteen pairs of similar and confusing vowels are presented and carefully examined. They are [m]&[n], [n] &[ŋ], [n] & [l], [l] & [ɫ], [f] & [v],[v] & [w],[s] & [z],[s] & [ʃ ],[ʃ ] & [ς],[θ] & [s], [ð ] & [z], [ʧ ] & [ʃ ], [dr] & [ʤ ], [tr] & [ʧ ], [v] & [w]. Differences between them are described and emphasized, with the repetition of articulating rules for each. Some students are required to make demonstrations, while others point out the mistakes. The mispronunciation of [w] for [v] is very common among the students. The mistake occurs when the lower teeth doesn’t rise to touch the upper lip. When producing [s], the tip of the tongue is close to the teeth ridge. [w],and [j] are semi-vowels, because they are speech sounds of vowel quality used as a consonants. They are quick, smooth, non-friction glide towards a following vowel sound
Week 7 Rhythm in English The two periods start from syllables, word-stress, sentence- stress, liaison, pausing, sense group, reath group and finally lead to the rhythm of English. Rhythm of English speech is formed by the recurrence of stressed syllables at more or less regular intervals of time and by the alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables. In connected speech, the stressed syllables follow each other nearly at roughly equal intervals of time, and the unstressed syllables( weather many or few)occupy almost the same period of time between the stressed syllables. The greater the number of unstressed syllables, the quicker they are pronounced. So English is a stress-timed lang I think he wants to go I think that he wants us to go I think excellent a adair Each of these three sentences contains the same number of stressed syllables, but a diffe of unstressed syllables. However, they are pronounced almost in the same period of time. One way to improve the rhythm is to beat the rhythm with your hand, one beat for each stressed syllable and with exactly the same time between each pair of beats
语音 105 Week 7 Rhythm in English The two periods start from syllables, word -stress, sentence- stress, liaison, pausing, sense group, breath group and finally lead to the rhythm of English. Rhythm of English speech is formed by the recurrence of stressed syllables at more or less regular intervals of time and by the alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables. In connected speech, the stressed syllables follow each other nearly at roughly equal intervals of time, and the unstressed syllables (weather many or few) occupy almost the same period of time between the stressed syllables. The greater the number of unstressed syllables, the quicker they are pronounced. So English is a stress-timed language. I think he wants to go. I think that he wants us to go. I think it was an excellent affair. Each of these three sentences contains the same number of stressed syllables, but a different number of unstressed syllables. However, they are pronounced almost in the same period of time. One way to improve the rhythm is to beat the rhythm with your hand, one beat for each stressed syllable and with exactly the same time between each pair of beats
英语专业课程教学大纲 Week8 Intonation Intonation is an important element of speech. By intonation we mean the rise and fall of the pitch-change of the voice which take place on the nucleus. An analysis of English intonation may help know fairly the sentence structure and the attitude of a speaker so as to get the message well in communication The falling tome is used in the following types of sentences Ordinary statements 2. WH questions(special questions) 4. Exclamatory sentences 5. The final part of the alternative questions 6. The former part of the disjunctive questions 7. Rhetorical questions 8. Short questions used as responses The rising tone which indicates"uncertainty"or"incompleteness"or"politeness following types of sentences 1. Yes-no questions showing great doubt or uncertainty 2. Complete statements which are intended as questions 3. The preceding alternatives in alternative questions 4. Tag questions of some disjunctive questions 5. Repetition-questions 6. Incomplete groups or enumerations 7. Adverbials at the beginning of sentences 9. Tag-questions after command 10. Some statements which are intended to be soothing or encouraging 11. Some special questions which sound more friendly and concerned
英语专业课程教学大纲 106 Week 8 Intonation Intonation is an important element of speech. By intonation we mean the rise and fall of the pitch-change of the voice which take place on the nucleus. An analysis of English intonation may help know fairly the sentence structure and the attitude of a speaker so as to get the message well in communication. The falling tome is used in the following types of sentences: 1. Ordinary statements. 2. WH questions (special questions) 3. imperative sentences 4. Exclamatory sentences 5. The final part of the alternative questions 6. The former part of the disjunctive questions 7. Rhetorical questions 8. Short questions used as responses The rising tone which indicates “uncertainty” or “incompleteness” or “politeness” is used in the following types of sentences. 1. Yes-no questions showing great doubt or uncertainty. 2. Complete statements which are intended as questions 3. The preceding alternatives in alternative questions 4. Tag questions of some disjunctive questions 5. Repetition-questions 6. Incomplete groups or enumerations 7. Adverbials at the beginning of sentences 8. polite requests 9. Tag-questions after commands 10. Some statements which are intended to be soothing or encouraging 11. Some special questions which sound more friendly and concerned