Fluid, Electrolyte Acid-base Disorders A. Degree of dehydration Dehydration Mild Moderate Severe Decrease in 5% 5~10% >10% body weight 50ml /kg) (50~100ml/kg) (100~120ml/kg) pi Depressed Lethargic hyperirritable hyperirritable coma Orbit. Fontanel Sunken土 Sunken Severely sunken Skin turgor Normal± Decrease Markedly decrease Mucous membranes Dry t everely dry T ears Decrease± Decrease Absent UI rIne Mild oliguria oliguria Anuria Blood pressure Normal Normal
Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-base Disorders A. Degree of dehydration Dehydration Mild Moderate Severe Decrease in body weight 5％ (50ml / kg) 5～10％ (50～100ml / kg) >10％ (100～120ml / kg) Psyche Depressed, hyperirritable Depressed, hyperirritable Lethargic, coma Orbit, Fontanel Sunken ± Sunken Severely sunken Skin turgor Normal ± Decrease Markedly decrease Mucous membranes Dry ± Dry Severely dry Tears Decrease ± Decrease Absent Urine Mild oliguria oliguria Anuria Blood pressure Normal Normal Low
Fluid, Electrolyte Acid-base Disorders B. Property of dehydration Type of Serum Pathophysiology dehydration Pathogeny sodium clinical characteristic ECF: decrease Acute 130~150 Osmotic pressure Isosmotic gastrointestinal intracellular= extracellular) fluid lose mmol /L Dehydrant volume accord with dehydrant physical sign ECF: severely decrease, Chronic Hypotonic gastrointestinal <130 Easily shock fluid lose mmol/L Severer dehydrant sign than the other two kinds ICF: severely decrease, High grade 150 Hyperosmotic fever, Infection mmol /L Milder dehydrant sign than the other two kinds
Type of dehydration Pathogeny Serum sodium Pathophysiology & clinical characteristic Isosmotic Acute gastrointestinal fluid lose 130～150 mmol / L ECF: decrease, Osmotic pressure (intracellular = extracellular) Dehydrant volume accord with dehydrant physical sign Hypotonic Chronic gastrointestinal fluid lose <130 mmol / L ECF: severely decrease, Easily shock ， Severer dehydrant sign than the other two kinds Hyperosmotic High grade fever, Infection >150 mmol / L ICF: severely decrease, Milder dehydrant sign than the other two kinds Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-base Disorders B. Property of dehydration