汉英口译分类词汇(07)-世贸组织词汇 (补贴协议)可诉补贴 Actionable subsidy《北美自由贸易协定》NAFI(Norh (纺织品与服装、农产品)一体化进程 American Free Trade Agreement) Int 《濒危物种国际贸易公约》 Convention on (服务贸易)境外消费 Consumption International Trade in Endangered Species 《伯尔尼公约》(有关保护文学和艺术作 服务贸易)跨境交付 Cross border suppl品版权的公约) Berne Convention (服务贸易)商业存在 Commercial 种纤维协定》MFA( Multifibre pre Agreement) (服务贸易)自然人 natural person 《纺织品与服装协议》ATC( Agreement on (服务贸易)自然人流动 Presence of Textiles and Clothing) natural person 《服务贸易总协定》GAIS( General (解决争端)被诉方 Defendant Agreement on Trade in Services) (解决争端)调查结果 Findings 《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》 (解决争端)上诉 Appeal DSUCUnderstanding on Rules and (解决争端)申诉方 Complaint Procedures Governing the settlement of (利益的)丧失和减损 Nullification and Disputes 《京都议定书》 Kyoto Protocol (农产品)国内支持 Domestic support 《里斯本条约》(有关地理标识及其国际 (农产品)综合支持量AM( Aggregate注册) Lisbon Agreement Measurement of Support 《蒙特利尔议定书》有关保护大气臭氧层 (农产品国内支持)黄箱措施 Amber box的多边环境协定 Montreal protocol measures 《农产品协议》特殊保障SSG( Special (农产品国内支持)蓝箱措施 Safeguard) BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions 《农业协议》中关于反补贴的和平条款 (农产品国内支持)绿箱措施 reen BoxPeace clause 《生物多样性公约》 CBD(Convention on (农业)多功能性 Multifunctionality Biological Diversity) 欧盟)共同农业政策 Common 《信息技术协议》IT^A( Information (争端解决)专家组 Panel WTO最不发达国家高级别会议HLM (知识产权)地理标识 Geographica (WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs) 北美自由贸易区 NAFTA( North American 《巴黎公约》关于保护工业知识产权的公| Free Trade Area 约) Paris Convention 采取措施后 Ex post 《巴塞尔公约》(有关危险废弃物的多边采取措施前 Ex ante 环境协定) Basel Convention 产品生命周期分析LCA( Life Cycle
36 汉英口译分类词汇（07）--世贸组织词汇 （补贴协议）可诉补贴 Actionable subsidy (纺织品与服装、农产品)一体化进程 Integration process （服务贸易）境外消费 Consumption abroad （服务贸易）跨境交付 Cross border supply （服务贸易）商业存在 Commercial presence (服务贸易)自然人 natural person (服务贸易)自然人流动 Presence of natural person (解决争端)被诉方 Defendant （解决争端）调查结果 Findings (解决争端)上诉 Appeal (解决争端)申诉方 Complaint (利益的)丧失和减损 Nullification and impairment (农产品)国内支持 Domestic support （农产品）综合支持量 AMS (Aggregate Measurement of Support) （农产品国内支持）黄箱措施 Amber Box measures （农产品国内支持）蓝箱措施 BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions （农产品国内支持）绿箱措施 Green Box measures (农业)多功能性 Multifunctionality （欧盟）共同农业政策 Common Agriculture Policy (争端解决)专家组 Panel （知识产权）地理标识 Geographical indications 《巴黎公约》(关于保护工业知识产权的公 约)Paris Convention 《巴塞尔公约》（有关危险废弃物的多边 环境协定）Basel Convention 《北美自由贸易协定》NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) 《濒危物种国际贸易公约》Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species 《伯尔尼公约》（有关保护文学和艺术作 品版权的公约）Berne Convention 《多种纤维协定》MFA (Multifibre Agreement) 《纺织品与服装协议》ATC (Agreement on Textiles and Clothing) 《服务贸易总协定》GATS (General Agreement on Trade in Services) 《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》 DSU(Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes) 《京都议定书》 Kyoto Protocol 《里斯本条约》（有关地理标识及其国际 注册）Lisbon Agreement 《蒙特利尔议定书》(有关保护大气臭氧层 的多边环境协定)Montreal Protocol 《农产品协议》特殊保障 SSG (Special Safeguard) 《农业协议》中关于反补贴的和平条款 Peace clause 《生物多样性公约》CBD(Convention on Biological Diversity) 《信息技术协议》ITA (Information Technology Agreement) WTO 最不发达国家高级别会议 HLM (WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs) 北美自由贸易区 NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) 采取措施后 Ex post 采取措施前 Ex ante 产品生命周期分析 LCA (Life Cycle
Analysis) 国际贸易组织临时委员会 ICITO( Interim 出口补贴 Export subsidy Commission for the International Trade 出口实绩 Export performance 垂直兼并 vertical merger 国际清算 international settlement 当地含量 Local content 国际收支 balance of international 电子商务 Electronic Commerce payments/ balance of payment 东部和南部非洲共同市场 COMESA 国际收支条款BOP( Balance- of-payments Common Market for Eastern and Southern Provisions Africa) 国际兽疫组织 International office of 东盟自由贸易区 ASEAN Free Trade AreaEpizootics 动植物卫生检疫措施SPs( Sanitary and 国民待遇 National treatment Phytosanitary Standard 国内补贴 Domestic subsidy 反补贴税 Countervailing duty 国内生产 Domestic production 反倾销措施ant- dumping measures 海关估价 Customs valuation against 海关完税价值 Customs value 反向通知 Counter- notification 横向兼并 horizontal merger 非配额产品 quota-free products 环保型技术EST( Environmentally-sound 非生产性投资 Investment in technology) non-productive projects 灰色区域措施 Grey area measures 非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团(洛美协货币留成制度 Currency retention scheme TE)ACP(African, Caribbean and Pacific 货币贸易理事会 CTG( Council for Trade in Group Goods) 风险管理/评估 risk management 基础税率 Base tariff level assessment 既定日程 Built-in agenda 关贸总协定,世界贸易组织的前身GATT交叉报复 Cross retaliation ( General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)|进口差价税 Import variable duties 规避 Circumvention 进口附加税 Import surcharge 国际标准化组织ISO( International 进口环节税 import linkage tax Organization for Standardization 进口渗透 Import penetration 国际纺织品服装局ITCB( International 进口替代 Import substitution Textile and Clothing Bureau) 进口许可 Import licensing 国际货币基金组织IMF( International 进口押金 Import deposits Monetary Fund 经济合作与发展组织OECD( Organization 国际劳工组织IO( International Labor for Economic Cooperation and Organization Development) 国际贸易中心ITC( International trade 垃圾融资 junk financing 联合国环境署UNEP( United Nations 国际贸易组织ITO( International Trade Environment Program) Organization 联合国开发计划署UNDP( United Nations
37 Analysis) 出口补贴 Export subsidy 出口实绩 Export performance 垂直兼并 vertical merger 当地含量 Local content 电子商务 Electronic Commerce 东部和南部非洲共同市场 COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa) 东盟自由贸易区 ASEAN Free Trade Area 动植物卫生检疫措施 SPS (Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standard ) 反补贴税 Countervailing duty 反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures against… 反向通知 Counter-notification 非配额产品 quota-free products 非生产性投资 investment in non-productive projects 非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团（洛美协 定）ACP(African, Caribbean and Pacific Group) 风险管理/评估 risk management/ assessment 关贸总协定，世界贸易组织的前身 GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 规避 Circumvention 国际标准化组织 ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 国际纺织品服装局 ITCB (International Textile and Clothing Bureau) 国际货币基金组织 IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际劳工组织 ILO (International Labor Organization) 国际贸易中心 ITC (International Trade Center) 国际贸易组织 ITO (International Trade Organization) 国际贸易组织临时委员会 ICITO (Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization) 国际清算 international settlement 国际收支 balance of international payments/ balance of payment 国际收支条款 BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions 国际兽疫组织 International Office of Epizootics 国民待遇 National treatment 国内补贴 Domestic subsidy 国内生产 Domestic production 海关估价 Customs valuation 海关完税价值 Customs value 横向兼并 horizontal merger 环保型技术 EST(Environmentally-sound technology) 灰色区域措施 Grey area measures 货币留成制度 Currency retention scheme 货币贸易理事会 CTG(Council for Trade in Goods) 基础税率 Base tariff level 既定日程 Built-in agenda 交叉报复 Cross retaliation 进口差价税 Import variable duties 进口附加税 Import surcharge 进口环节税 import linkage tax 进口渗透 Import penetration 进口替代 Import substitution 进口许可 Import licensing 进口押金 Import deposits 经济合作与发展组织 OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) 垃圾融资 junk financing 联合国环境署 UNEP (United Nations Environment Program) 联合国开发计划署 UNDP (United Nations
Developme 世界知识产权组织WPO( World 联合国粮农组织FAO( Food and Intellectual Property Organization) Agriculture Organization of the Unite 市场准人的行政管理措施AAMA (Administrative Aspects of Market Access) 联合国贸易与发展会议 UNCTAD(Untd市场准入 Market access Nations Conference on trade and 通知义务 Notification obligation Development) 同类产品 Like product 粮食安全 Food security 乌拉圭回合 Uruguay Round 慢性萧条 chronic depression 消费膨胀 inflated consumption 贸易和投资自由化和便利化TLF( (Trade协调制度(商品名称及编码协调制度)Hs and Investment liberalization and Harmonized Commodity and Coding Facilitation) System) 贸易与发展委员会 Committee on Trade 新议题 New issues and Development 许可费 License fee 贸易与环境委员会 Committee on trade有秩序的市场安排 Orderly market and Environment arrangements 模式 Modalities 约束水平 Bound level 南方共同市场(或称南锥体共同市场)争端解决机构 Dispute Settlement Body MERCOSUR (Southern Common Market) 政府采购 Government procurement 南亚区域合作联盟 SAARO( South asi 知识产权IPRs( Intellectual property rights)) Association for Regional cooperation 直接支付 Direct payment 欧洲自由贸易联盟EFIA( European Free诸边协议 Plurilateral agreement Trade Association 专门的营销机构 Market boards 配额调整条款 modulation of quota clause转基因生物 GMOs( Genetically Modified 瓶颈制约 'bottleneck restrictions 全球配额 global quota 祖父条款 grandfather clause 上诉机构 Appeal body 最不发达国家LDCs( Least- developed 申报制度 reporting system; Income countries) declaration system 最初谈判权(初谈权)INRs( Initial 生产补贴 Production subsidy 实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment最惠国待遇(现通常称正常贸易关系) MFN (most-favored-nation)treatment 实质损害 Material injury 最惠国贸易地位(待遇MFN 食品法典委员会 CAC(Codex (Most-favored-nation)(Treatment) Alimentaries Commission) 世界海关组织WCO( World Customs 世界贸易组织WTO( World trade Organization
38 Development Program) 联合国粮农组织 FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States) 联合国贸易与发展会议 UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 粮食安全 Food security 慢性萧条 chronic depression 贸易和投资自由化和便利化 TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation) 贸易与发展委员会 Committee on Trade and Development 贸易与环境委员会 Committee on Trade and Environment 模式 Modalities 南方共同市场（或称南锥体共同市场） MERCOSUR (Southern Common Market) 南亚区域合作联盟 SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional cooperation) 欧洲自由贸易联盟 EFTA (European Free Trade Association) 配额调整条款 modulation of quota clause 瓶颈制约 'bottleneck' restrictions 全球配额 global quota 上诉机构 Appeal body 申报制度 reporting system; income declaration system 生产补贴 Production subsidy 实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment to 实质损害 Material injury 食品法典委员会 CAC(Codex Alimentaries Commission) 世界海关组织 WCO (World Customs Organization) 世界贸易组织 WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界知识产权组织 WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) 市场准人的行政管理措施 AAMA (Administrative Aspects of Market Access) 市场准入 Market access 通知义务 Notification obligation 同类产品 Like product 乌拉圭回合 Uruguay Round 消费膨胀 inflated consumption 协调制度（商品名称及编码协调制度）HS (Harmonized Commodity and Coding System) 新议题 New issues 许可费 License fee 有秩序的市场安排 Orderly market arrangements 约束水平 Bound level 争端解决机构 Dispute Settlement Body 政府采购 Government procurement 知识产权 IPRs (Intellectual property rights) 直接支付 Direct payment 诸边协议 Plurilateral agreement 专门的营销机构 Market boards 转基因生物 GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms) 祖父条款 grandfather clause 最不发达国家 LDCs (Least-developed countries) 最初谈判权(初谈权) INRs (Initial Negotiating Rights) 最惠国待遇（现通常称'正常贸易关系'） MFN（most-favored-nation) treatment 最惠国贸易地位(待遇)MFN (Most-favored-nation)(Treatment)
wTO术语英文解释 April 1994 GATT-General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade,binding, bound-see"tariff binding which has been superseded as an international electronic commerce- The production, GATT 1947-The old(pre-1994)version of the free-rider -A casual term used to infer that a GATT country which does not make any trade concessions GATT1994-The new version of the general Agreement, incorporated into the WTO, which concessions made by other countries in governs trade in good negotiations under the most-favoured-nation Members-WTO governments(first letter capitalized, in WTO style) Harmonized System-An international MFN-Most-favoured- nation treatment(GA nomenclature developed by the world Customs Article I, GATS Article II and TRIPS Article 4), the Organization, which is arranged in six digit codes principle of not discriminating between ones allowing all participating countries to classify trading partners. national treatment-The principle traded goods on a common basis. Beyond the six of giving others the same treatment as ones owr digit level, countries are free to introduce national nationals distinctions for tariffs and many other purposes GATT Article Ill requires that imports be treated no ITA-Information Technology Agreement, or less favourably than the same or similar formally the Ministerial-Declaration on Trade in domestically-produced goods once they have Information Technology Products, under which passed customs GATS Article XVII and TRIPS participants will remove tariffs on IT products by Article 3 also deal with national treatment for the year 2000 ervices and intellectual property protection. II-Negotiations aimed at expanding ITAs TPRB, TPRM--The Trade Policy Review Body is product coverage. General Council operating under special procedures nuisance tariff -Tariff so low that it costs the for meetings to review trade policies and practices government more to collect it than the revenue it of individual wto members under the trade schedule of concessions - List of bound tariff Policy Review Mechanism rates transparency-Degree to which trade policies and tariff binding-Commitment not to increase a rate practices, and the process by which they are of duty beyond an agreed level. Once a rate of duty established, are open and predictable is bound, it may not be raised without launched at Punta del Este, Uruguay in September 1986 and concluded in Geneva in December 1993 semi-processed products than on raw materials, and Signed by Ministers in Marrakesh, Morocco, in higher still on finished products. This practice
39 WTO 术语英文解释 General GATT — General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which has been superseded as an international organization by the WTO. An updated General Agreement is now one of the WTO’s agreements. GATT 1947 — The old (pre-1994) version of the GATT. GATT 1994 — The new version of the General Agreement, incorporated into the WTO, which governs trade in goods. Members — WTO governments (first letter capitalized, in WTO style). MFN — Most-favoured-nation treatment (GATT Article I, GATS Article II and TRIPS Article 4), the principle of not discriminating between one’s trading partners.national treatment —The principle of giving others the same treatment as one’s own nationals. GATT Article III requires that imports be treated no less favourably than the same or similar domestically-produced goods once they have passed customs. GATS Article XVII and TRIPS Article 3 also deal with national treatment for services and intellectual property protection. TPRB, TPRM —The Trade Policy Review Body is General Council operating under special procedures for meetings to review trade policies and practices of individual WTO members under the Trade Policy Review Mechanism. transparency — Degree to which trade policies and practices, and the process by which they are established, are open and predictable. Uruguay Round — Multilateral trade negotiations launched at Punta del Este, Uruguay in September 1986 and concluded in Geneva in December 1993. Signed by Ministers in Marrakesh, Morocco, in April 1994. Tariffs binding, bound — see “tariff binding” electronic commerce — The production, advertising, sale and distribution of products via telecommunications networks. free-rider — A casual term used to infer that a country which does not make any trade concessions, profits, nonetheless, from tariff cuts and concessions made by other countries in negotiations under the most-favoured-nation principle. Harmonized System —An international nomenclature developed by the World Customs Organization, which is arranged in six digit codes allowing all participating countries to classify traded goods on a common basis. Beyond the six digit level, countries are free to introduce national distinctions for tariffs and many other purposes. ITA — Information Technology Agreement, or formally the Ministerial-Declaration on Trade in Information Technology Products, under which participants will remove tariffs on IT products by the year 2000. ITA II — Negotiations aimed at expanding ITA’s product coverage. nuisance tariff — Tariff so low that it costs the government more to collect it than the revenue it generates. schedule of concessions — List of bound tariff rates. tariff binding — Commitment not to increase a rate of duty beyond an agreed level. Once a rate of duty is bound, it may not be raised without compensating the affected parties. tariff escalation — Higher import duties on semi-processed products than on raw materials, and higher still on finished products. This practice
protects domestic processing industries and discourages the development of processing activity price undertaking- Undertaking by an exporter to in the countries where raw materials originate raise the export price of the product to avoid the tariff peaks- Relatively high tariffs, usually on possibility of an anti-dumping duty. sensitive products, amidst generally low tariff PSI- Preshipment inspection -the practice of levels. For industrialized countries tariffs of 15% ompanies to check and above are generally recognized as "tariff shipment details of goods ordered overseas-ie riffs-Customs duties on merchandise imports Quantitative restrictions- specific limits Levied either on an ad valorem basis(percentage of on the quantity or value of goods that can be value)or on a specific basis(e.g $7 per 100 kgs. ) imported(or exported)during a specific time Tariffs give price advantage to similar period. rules of origin-Laws, regulations and locally-produced goods and raise revenues for the dministrative procedures which determine a wCO-World Customs Organization, a customs authority on origin can determine whether multilateral body located in Brussels through which a shipment falls within a quota limitation,qualifies participating countries seek to simplify and for a tariff preference or is affected by an rationalize customs procedures anti-dumping duty. These rules can vary from country to country. Non-tariff measures safeguard measures- Action taken to protect a anti-dumping duties- Article VI of the GATT specific industry from an unexpected build-up of 994 permits the imposition of anti-dumping duties Imports- governed by Article XIX of the GAtT between their export price and their normal value, subsidy- There are two general types of subsidies if dumping causes injury to producers of competing export and domestic. Anexport subsidy is a benefit products in the importing country conferred on a firm by the government that is circumvention-Measures taken by exporters to contingent on exports. a domestic subsidy is a evade anti-dumping or countervailing duties benefit not directly linked to exports tariffication- Procedures relating to the importing country, usually in the form of increased agricultural market-access provision in which all duties to offset subsid o producers or non-tariff measures are converted into tariffs Removing obstacles to the dumping-Occurs when goods are exported at a movement of goods across borders(e.g price less than their normal value, generally simplification of customs procedures) meaning they are exported for less than they are VRA, VER, OMA-Voluntary restraint sold in the domestic market or third-country arrangement, voluntary export restraint, orderly markets, or at less than production cost. marketing arrangement. Bilateral arrangements NTMs- Non-tariff measures such as quotas, mport licensing systems, sanitary regulations industry)agrees to reduce or restrict expor
40 protects domestic processing industries and discourages the development of processing activity in the countries where raw materials originate. tariff peaks — Relatively high tariffs, usually on “sensitive” products, amidst generally low tariff levels. For industrialized countries, tariffs of 15% and above are generally recognized as “tariff peaks”. tariffs — Customs duties on merchandise imports. Levied either on an ad valorem basis (percentage of value) or on a specific basis (e.g. $7 per 100 kgs.). Tariffs give price advantage to similar locally-produced goods and raise revenues for the government. WCO — World Customs Organization, a multilateral body located in Brussels through which participating countries seek to simplify and rationalize customs procedures. Non-tariff measures anti-dumping duties — Article VI of the GATT 1994 permits the imposition of anti-dumping duties against dumped goods, equal to the difference between their export price and their normal value, if dumping causes injury to producers of competing products in the importing country. circumvention — Measures taken by exporters to evade anti-dumping or countervailing duties. countervailing measures — Action taken by the importing country, usually in the form of increased duties to offset subsidies given to producers or exporters in the exporting country. dumping — Occurs when goods are exported at a price less than their normal value, generally meaning they are exported for less than they are sold in the domestic market or third-country markets, or at less than production cost. NTMs — Non-tariff measures such as quotas, import licensing systems, sanitary regulations, prohibitions, etc. price undertaking — Undertaking by an exporter to raise the export price of the product to avoid the possibility of an anti-dumping duty. PSI — Preshipment inspection — the practice of employing specialized private companies to check shipment details of goods ordered overseas — i.e. price, quantity, quality, etc. QRs — Quantitative restrictions — specific limits on the quantity or value of goods that can be imported (or exported) during a specific time period. rules of origin — Laws, regulations and administrative procedures which determine a product’s country of origin. A decision by a customs authority on origin can determine whether a shipment falls within a quota limitation, qualifies for a tariff preference or is affected by an anti-dumping duty. These rules can vary from country to country. safeguard measures — Action taken to protect a specific industry from an unexpected build-up of imports — governed by Article XIX of the GATT 1994. subsidy — There are two general types of subsidies: export and domestic. An export subsidy is a benefit conferred on a firm by the government that is contingent on exports. A domestic subsidy is a benefit not directly linked to exports. tariffication — Procedures relating to the agricultural market-access provision in which all non-tariff measures are converted into tariffs. trade facilitation — Removing obstacles to the movement of goods across borders (e.g. simplification of customs procedures). VRA, VER, OMA — Voluntary restraint arrangement, voluntary export restraint, orderly marketing arrangement. Bilateral arrangements whereby an exporting country (government or industry) agrees to reduce or restrict exports