Unit 3 Born to Win In-Class Reading Born to Win Words&Usage词汇精讲 achievement n,成就，成绩；完成，达到（亿inel,Para4) e.g.This is the greatest scientific achievement of this century. 这是这个世纪最伟大的科学成就。 Achievement originated from hard work. 成就来源于勤奋。 [同义词链接]accomplishment [拓展记忆]achieve v.获得，达到；实现，完成 achievable adj.可完成的，可达到的 contribute v.有助于，促成(Line 12,Para8) [用法1 contribute sth.to/towards sth.把…贡献给… e.g.Everyone should contribute what he or she can afford. 人人都应该尽自己的能力做贡献。 Does smoking contribute to lung cancer? 吸烟会导致肺癌吗？ [同义词链接]donate [拓展记忆]contribution n.捐赠：投稿 contributor n.捐助人：投稿者 dominate v.支配，统治；在…占重要地位(Line4,Para2) [同义词链接]govern [拓展记忆]domination n.统治，控制 guilt n.内疚，罪行(Line6,Para6) [用法]establish one's guilt证明有罪 e.g.The police established his guilt beyond all doubt. 警方确凿地认定他有罪。 [同义词链接]crime [反义词链接]innocence [拓展记忆guiltless adj.无罪的guilty adj.有罪的；内疚的
1 Unit 3 Born to Win In-Class Reading Born to Win Words & Usage 词汇精讲 achievement n ．成就，成绩；完成，达到(Line 1,Para 4) e.g. This is the greatest scientific achievement of this century． 这是这个世纪最伟大的科学成就。 Achievement originated from hard work． 成就来源于勤奋。 [同义词链接]accomplishment [拓展记忆] achieve v．获得，达到；实现，完成 achievable adj．可完成的，可达到的 contribute v．有助于，促成(Line 12,Para 8) [用法 1] contribute sth. to/towards sth．把……贡献给…… e.g. Everyone should contribute what he or she can afford． 人人都应该尽自己的能力做贡献。 Does smoking contribute to lung cancer？ 吸烟会导致肺癌吗？ [同义词链接]donate [拓展记忆] contribution n．捐赠；投稿 contributor n．捐助人；投稿者 dominate v．支配，统治；在……占重要地位(Line 4,Para 2) [同义词链接] govern [拓展记忆] domination n．统治，控制 guilt n．内疚，罪行(Line 6,Para 6) [用法] establish one’s guilt 证明有罪 e.g. The police established his guilt beyond all doubt. 警方确凿地认定他有罪。 [同义词链接]crime [反义词链接] innocence [拓展记忆] guiltless adj．无罪的 guilty adj．有罪的；内疚的
limitation n,缺陷；限制，限度，局限（亿ine6,Para 1) [同义词链接]restriction [拓展记忆limit v.限制，限定 limited adj.有限的 limiting adj.限制的， potential n.可能性，潜能adj.潜在的，可能的(Line6,Para 1) [用法]potential for sth.…的潜力，可能性 e.g.She recognized the potential for error in the method being used. 她意识到在所采用的方法中可能出错。 [同义词链接]possibility,possible [拓展记忆potentiality n.潜力，可能性（尤做复数） potentially adv..潜在的 range n.变化范围；一系列；v.变化；涉及(Line3,Para9) [用法l]arange of一系列 e.g.a range of tougher measures 一系列更为强硬的措施 [用法2]range from.to..从…到…之间变化不等 e.g.Their ages range from 25 to 50. 他们的年龄在25岁到50岁之间。 responsive adj..反应快的，敏感的，富于同情心的(Line6,Para2) [用法1]be responsive to sb./sth.反应灵敏，易受控制 e.g.The children there are proven to be the quickest and the most responsive members of the audience. 那儿的孩子们被证明是观众中反应最快速、最热烈的成员。 In many areas,local police are responsive to the local community and its needs. 在许多地区，当地警察为当地社区及其需求服务。 [同义词链接]sensitive [拓展记忆]responsively adv.灵敏地 responsiveness n.灵敏，敏感 2
2 limitation n ．缺陷；限制，限度，局限(Line 6,Para 1) [同义词链接]restriction [拓展记忆] limit v．限制，限定 limited adj．有限的 limiting adj．限制的， potential n．可能性，潜能 adj．潜在的，可能的 (Line 6,Para 1) [用法]potential for sth. ……的潜力，可能性 e.g. She recognized the potential for error in the method being used． 她意识到在所采用的方法中可能出错。 [同义词链接]possibility , possible [拓展记忆] potentiality n．潜力，可能性（尤做复数） potentially adv.潜在的 range n．变化范围；一系列；v．变化；涉及 (Line 3,Para 9) [用法 1] a range of 一系列 e.g. a range of tougher measures 一系列更为强硬的措施 [用法 2] range from … to … 从……到……之间变化不等 e.g. Their ages range from 25 to 50． 他们的年龄在 25 岁到 50 岁之间。 responsive adj．反应快的，敏感的，富于同情心的 (Line 6,Para 2) [用法 1] be responsive to sb./ sth．反应灵敏，易受控制 e.g. The children there are proven to be the quickest and the most responsive members of the audience . 那儿的孩子们被证明是观众中反应最快速、最热烈的成员。 In many areas, local police are responsive to the local community and its needs． 在许多地区，当地警察为当地社区及其需求服务。 [同义词链接]sensitive [拓展记忆]responsively adv．灵敏地 responsiveness n．灵敏，敏感
AA《 Difficult Sentences难句详解 1.Each person is born with what he needs to win at life.(Line 2,Para.1) 译文每个人天生都具有在生活中获得成功的能力。 Explanation: 本句中，词组“at life”中的“at”意为“in the activity or field of”。 e.g.He is skilled at playing golf. Nancy is quite good at dancing. Barbara's getting on really well at her new job. 在这个句子中，作者把生命比喻成一场比赛。 Paraphrase:We all are born with skills needed to win at the game of life. 2.When we refer to a person as a winner,we do not mean one who defeats the other person by dominating and making him lose.(Line 2,Para.2) 译文当我们把一个人称作成功者时，我们所指的并不是一个通过优势控制他人、令其失败而 获得成功的人。 Explanation: 本句使用了句式“when we refer to..as..”,意为“当我们将…看作…的时候”。 “refer to as”,表示“把…称作，把…看作”。 [同义词组]call as,,interpret as,label as e.g.The people we refer to as Net Worms are addicted to the Internet. 所谓网虫，就是上网上瘾的人。 People who work in offices are usually refer to as "white collar workers". 那些在办公室工作的人被称为“白领工人”。 3.However,once a person has the capacity to be a winner,his chances are greater for becoming even more so.(Line 2,Para.3) 译文然而，一个人一旦具备了成为成功者的能力，他获得成功的次数就会更多。 Explanation: 本句中，chances表示“机率”，指很有可能发生的情况，可能性。 the chances are good/great:机会很大 the chances are small/slender/slim:机会渺茫 e.g.Do you think they have a chance of beating Australia? 你认为他们有可能击败澳大利亚吗？ This partnership has a good chance of success. 这个组合获胜的希望很大。 chance用法链接 1)表示“机会”，是可数名词，要表示“做某事的机会”，其后可接to do sth.或of doing sth e.g.It is a good chance to study /of studying English. [注]有时用a chance for doing sth.,但较少见。 2)表示“希望”、“可能性”，可用作可数名词或不可数名词。要表示“做某事的可能性”， 通常后接“of+(动)名词”或由that引导的同位语从句。 e.g.He has a good chance(no chance/not much chance)of winning
3 Difficult Sentences 难句详解 1. Each person is born with what he needs to win at life. (Line 2, Para. 1) 译文每个人天生都具有在生活中获得成功的能力。 Explanation: 本句中，词组“at life”中的 “at” 意为 “in the activity or field of”。 e.g. He is skilled at playing golf. Nancy is quite good at dancing. Barbara’s getting on really well at her new job. 在这个句子中，作者把生命比喻成一场比赛。 Paraphrase: We all are born with skills needed to win at the game of life. 2. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who defeats the other person by dominating and making him lose. (Line 2, Para. 2) 译文当我们把一个人称作成功者时，我们所指的并不是一个通过优势控制他人、令其失败而 获得成功的人。 Explanation: 本句使用了句式“when we refer to … as …”，意为“当我们将……看作……的时候”。 “refer to as”,表示“把……称作，把……看作”。 [同义词组] call as, interpret as, label as e.g. The people we refer to as Net Worms are addicted to the Internet. 所谓网虫，就是上网上瘾的人。 People who work in offices are usually refer to as "white collar workers". 那些在办公室工作的人被称为“白领工人”。 3. However, once a person has the capacity to be a winner, his chances are greater for becoming even more so. (Line 2, Para. 3) 译文然而，一个人一旦具备了成为成功者的能力，他获得成功的次数就会更多。 Explanation: 本句中，chances 表示“机率”，指很有可能发生的情况，可能性。 the chances are good/great：机会很大 the chances are small/slender/slim：机会渺茫 e.g. Do you think they have a chance of beating Australia? 你认为他们有可能击败澳大利亚吗？ This partnership has a good chance of success. 这个组合获胜的希望很大。 chance 用法链接 1） 表示“机会”，是可数名词，要表示“做某事的机会”，其后可接 to do sth. 或 of doing sth. e.g. It is a good chance to study /of studying English. [注]有时用 a chance for doing sth., 但较少见。 2）表示“希望”、“可能性”，可用作可数名词或不可数名词。要表示“做某事的可能性”， 通常后接“of＋(动)名词”或由 that 引导的同位语从句。 e.g. He has a good chance (no chance/ not much chance) of winning
他很有希望（没有希望/没多大希望）获胜。 There is still chance that you will pass the exam. 你考试及格还是有希望的。 [注]在现代英语中，chance表示“可能性”时，其后有时也可接不定式，但不如用of doing sth.普通。 3)用于by chance,意为“偶然地”、“无意中”。 e.g.He met her by chance. Did he do so on purpose or by chance?他这样做是有意还是无意？ 4.A loser is held back by his low capacity to appropriately express himself through a full range of possible behavior.(Line 1,Para.9) 译文失败者不善于通过一系列可以采取的行为来恰当地表达自己，这阻碍了他获得成功。 Explanation: 本句中，词组hold back”意为“prevent someone from improving or developing(阻碍，抑 制)”。此外，hold back还可以表示“使犹豫，使退缩”：“隐瞒”。 e.g.They built dykes and dam to hold back the rising flood waters. 他们修筑了堤坝来阻挡上涨的洪水。 She kept trying to hold back her tears. 她一直在试图抑制住眼泪。 The administration had several reasons for holding back. 政府因为几个原因而犹豫不决。 You seem to be holding something back. 你好像隐瞒了点什么。 句中的另一个词组a range of"意为“a variety of things of a particular type'”(一系列)。 e.g.We need a range of samples for display and publicity. 我们需要大量的样品坐陈列与宣传用. Paraphrase:A loser is prevented from succeeding by his inability to let people know his thoughts and feelings in different situations. 5.A loser has difficulty giving and receiving love.(Line 1,Para.10) 译文一个失败者很难去爱别人，也很难得到别人的爱。 Explanation: 本句中的词组have/experience difficulty(in)doing something”表示“做…有困难”。 e.g.He'd have difficulty in learning any language-Greek,Chinese,or whatever. 他学习任何语言都会遇到困难，不论是希腊语、汉语、或是其他语言。 Visitors have difficulty in finding hotel accommodation during the summer. 夏季游客们很难在旅馆找到膳宿。 相似的词组包括： have a good (hard/great/lovely etc.time doing something... There is no point in doing something... It's no use doing something... It's no fun doing something... It's no good doing something
4 他很有希望(没有希望/没多大希望)获胜。 There is still chance that you will pass the exam. 你考试及格还是有希望的。 [注]在现代英语中，chance 表示“可能性”时，其后有时也可接不定式，但不如用 of doing sth. 普通。 3）用于 by chance, 意为“偶然地”、“无意中”。 e.g. He met her by chance. Did he do so on purpose or by chance? 他这样做是有意还是无意? 4. A loser is held back by his low capacity to appropriately express himself through a full range of possible behavior. (Line 1, Para. 9) 译文失败者不善于通过一系列可以采取的行为来恰当地表达自己，这阻碍了他获得成功。 Explanation: 本句中，词组 “hold back” 意为 “prevent someone from improving or developing (阻碍， 抑 制)”。此外，hold back 还可以表示“使犹豫，使退缩”；“隐瞒”。 e.g. They built dykes and dam to hold back the rising flood waters. 他们修筑了堤坝来阻挡上涨的洪水。 She kept trying to hold back her tears. 她一直在试图抑制住眼泪。 The administration had several reasons for holding back. 政府因为几个原因而犹豫不决。 You seem to be holding something back. 你好像隐瞒了点什么。 句中的另一个词组 “a range of”意为“a variety of things of a particular type”（一系列）。 e.g. We need a range of samples for display and publicity. 我们需要大量的样品坐陈列与宣传用. Paraphrase: A loser is prevented from succeeding by his inability to let people know his thoughts and feelings in different situations. 5. A loser has difficulty giving and receiving love. (Line 1, Para. 10) 译文一个失败者很难去爱别人，也很难得到别人的爱。 Explanation: 本句中的词组 “have/experience difficulty (in) doing something”表示“做……有困难”。 e.g. He’d have difficulty in learning any language— Greek, Chinese, or whatever. 他学习任何语言都会遇到困难，不论是希腊语、汉语、或是其他语言。 Visitors have difficulty in finding hotel accommodation during the summer. 夏季游客们很难在旅馆找到膳宿。 相似的词组包括: have a good (hard/great/lovely etc.) time doing something… There is no point in doing something... It’s no use doing something... It’s no fun doing something... It’s no good doing something
After-Class Reading Better Late than Never Words&Usage词汇精讲 MAAAAAAAMA depression n.萧条；沮丧(Line1,Para16) e.g.He committed suicide during a fit of depression. 他一时想不开，自杀了。 No company can escape from the depression. 没有公司能在这场经济萧条中幸免。 [构词法]-o名词后缀，附在动词或形容词后，表示行为、过程、状态、结果。 [拓展记忆depress v.使…萧条：使…沮丧 depressed adj.忧伤的，沮丧的 innocent n.天真的；无辜的(Line2,Para5) e.g.Jane is so innocent as a child. 简像个孩子一样天真无邪。 They have imprisoned an innocent man. 他们监禁了一个无辜的男子。 It was a perfectly innocent question.Why get so worked up about it? 那纯粹是无所谓的问题，何必那么激动？ [拓展记忆]innocence n.无辜，清白：天真纯洁 miserable adj..痛苦的，悲惨的(Line1,Para4) e.g.Refugees everywhere lead miserable lives. 各地难民过着凄惨的生活。 This is really a miserable afternoon. 这真是个让人不快的下午。 [同义词链接]painful,bitter [拓展记忆]misery n.痛苦，难受 resent v.憎恶，愤恨(Line4,Para34) e.g.I bitterly resent your criticism. 我对你批评我的话十分反感。 Does she resent my being here? 她讨厌我呆在这里吗？ [同义词链接]hate [拓展记忆]resentful adj..憎恨的，愤恨的 resentment n.愤恨，怨恨 5
5 After-Class Reading Better Late than Never Words & Usage 词汇精讲 depression n．萧条；沮丧(Line 1,Para 16) e.g. He committed suicide during a fit of depression. 他一时想不开，自杀了。 No company can escape from the depression． 没有公司能在这场经济萧条中幸免。 [构词法] -ion 名词后缀，附在动词或形容词后，表示行为、过程、状态、结果。 [拓展记忆] depress v．使…… 萧条；使…… 沮丧 depressed adj．忧伤的，沮丧的 innocent n．天真的；无辜的(Line 2,Para 5) e.g. Jane is so innocent as a child． 简像个孩子一样天真无邪。 They have imprisoned an innocent man． 他们监禁了一个无辜的男子。 It was a perfectly innocent question. Why get so worked up about it？ 那纯粹是无所谓的问题，何必那么激动？ [拓展记忆] innocence n．无辜，清白；天真纯洁 miserable adj. 痛苦的，悲惨的(Line 1,Para 4) e.g. Refugees everywhere lead miserable lives． 各地难民过着凄惨的生活。 This is really a miserable afternoon． 这真是个让人不快的下午。 [同义词链接] painful , bitter [拓展记忆] misery n．痛苦，难受 resent v. 憎恶，愤恨(Line 4,Para 34) e.g. I bitterly resent your criticism． 我对你批评我的话十分反感。 Does she resent my being here？ 她讨厌我呆在这里吗？ [同义词链接]hate [拓展记忆] resentful adj. 憎恨的，愤恨的 resentment n. 愤恨，怨恨