Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers 1. 1 The Invention of the Computer 1.1.2 The UNIVAc I Like other computing pioneers before them, Eckert and Mauchly formed a company in 1947 to develop a commercial computer. The company was called the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation. Their objective was to design and build the universal automatic Computer or UNIvac. Because of difficulties of getting financial support, they had to sell the company to Remington Rand in 1950. Eckert and Mauchly continued to work on the UNIAC at Remington Rand and completed it in 1951. Known as the UNIAC I, this machine was the first commercially available computer. 像他们之前的其他计算机先驱一样, Eckert和 Mauchly在1947年组成了一 家公司开发商业计算机。公司名叫 Eckert-Mauchly计算机公司。他们的 目标是设计并建造通用自动计算机或 UNIVAC。因为难以获得财政支持 他们不得不在1950年把公司卖给了 Remington Rand公司。 Eckert和 Mauchly继续在 Remington Rand公司从事UNⅣAC的研制工作,并在 1951年取得成功。众所周知的 UNIVAC现机器是世界上第一部商业化计算 机 什算机与出 1-11
Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers 计算机专业英语 1-11 1.1 The Invention of the Computer 1.1.2 The UNIVAC I Like other computing pioneers before them, Eckert and Mauchly formed a company in 1947 to develop a commercial computer. The company was called the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation. Their objective was to design and build the Universal Automatic Computer or UNIVAC. Because of difficulties of getting financial support, they had to sell the company to Remington Rand in 1950. Eckert and Mauchly continued to work on the UNIVAC at Remington Rand and completed it in 1951. Known as the UNIVAC I, this machine was the first commercially available computer. 像他们之前的其他计算机先驱一样,Eckert和Mauchly在1947年组成了一 家公司开发商业计算机。公司名叫Eckert-Mauchly计算机公司。他们的 目标是设计并建造通用自动计算机或UNIVAC。因为难以获得财政支持， 他们不得不在1950年把公司卖给了Remington Rand公司。Eckert 和 Mauchly继续在Remington Rand公司从事UNIVAC的研制工作，并在 1951年取得成功。众所周知的UNIVAC I机器是世界上第一部商业化计算 机
Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers 1. 1 The Invention of the Computer 1.1.2 The UNIVAc I The first UNivaC i was delivered to the census Bureau and used for the 1950 census. The second UNIVAC I was used to predict that Dwight Eisenhower would win the 1952 presidential election, less than an hour after the polls closed. The UNivac i began the modern of computer use. 第一台 UNIVAC E被交付人口普查局用于1950年的人口普查。在投票点关 闭后1小时之内,第二台 UNIVAC I被用于预测D艾森豪威尔会赢得1952年 总统大选。 UNIVAC联开始了现代计算机的应用。 《什第机专出美语 1-12
Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers 计算机专业英语 1-12 1.1 The Invention of the Computer 1.1.2 The UNIVAC I The first UNIVAC I was delivered to the Census Bureau and used for the 1950 census. The second UNIVAC I was used to predict that Dwight Eisenhower would win the 1952 presidential election, less than an hour after the polls closed.The UNIVAC I began the modern of computer use. 第一台UNIVAC I被交付人口普查局用于1950年的人口普查。在投票点关 闭后1小时之内，第二台UNIVAC I 被用于预测D.艾森豪威尔会赢得1952年 总统大选。UNIVAC I开始了现代计算机的应用
A Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers 1.2 Computer Generations New Words Expressions resultin导致,造成…结果 air conditioning空气调节 take delivery of正式接过 Navy lieutenant海军上尉 high- evellanguage高级语言 mainframe n.主机,大型机 more and more越来越多的 range from.to.,从…到 multiprogramming多道程序设计time- share n.分时,时间共享 virtual memory虚拟内存 from scratch从头开始 compatible a.兼容的 compatibility n.兼容性 outnumber vt数目超过,比…多 proliferate v.增生,扩散 start off v.出发,开始 Abbreviations vLSI( Very large scale Integrated circui)超大规模集成电路 LSI( Large Scale Integrated circuit)大规模集成电路 DEC( Digital Equipment Corporation)美国数字设备公司 COBOL( Common Business-Oriented Language)面向商业的通用语言 N什算机专些英语 1-13
Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers 计算机专业英语 1-13 New Words & Expressions: result in 导致, 造成……结果 air conditioning 空气调节 take delivery of 正式接过… Navy lieutenant 海军上尉 high-level language 高级语言 mainframe n. 主机, 大型机 more and more 越来越多的 range from …to… 从…到… multiprogramming n.多道程序设计 time-share n.分时，时间共享 virtual memory 虚拟内存 from scratch 从头开始 compatible a. 兼容的； compatibility n. 兼容性 outnumber vt. 数目超过，比…多 proliferate v. 增生,扩散 start off v. 出发, 开始 1.2 Computer Generations Abbreviations : VLSI (Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit) 超大规模集成电路 LSI (Large Scale Integrated Circuit) 大规模集成电路 DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation) 美国数字设备公司 COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) 面向商业的通用语言
A Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers 1.2 Computer Generations 1.2.1 First-Generation Computers: 1951-1958 First-generation computers were characterized by the use of vacuum tubes as their principal electronic component. Vacuum tubes are bulky and produce a lot of heat so first-generation computers were large and required extensive air conditioning to keep them cool. In addition, because vacuum tubes do not operate very fast these computers were relatively slow. 第一代计算机的特色是使用真空管为其主要电子器件。真空管体积大且发 热严重因此第一代计算机体积庞大,并且需要大量的空调设备保持冷却。 此外,因为真空管运行不是很快,这些计算机运行速度相对较慢。 The UNIVAC I was the first commercial computer in this generation. As noted earlier, it was used in the Census Bureau in 1951. It was also the first computer to be used in a business application In 1954, General electric took delivery of a UNIVAC I and used it for some of its business data processing UNIVAC I是第一代中最早的商业化计算机。如前所述,它在1951年被用 于人口普查局。它还是第一部用于商业应用的计算机。在1954年通用电气 接收了 UNIVACI,并用它进行一些商业数据处理。 1-14
Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers 计算机专业英语 1-14 1.2 Computer Generations 1.2.1 First-Generation Computers: 1951～1958 First-generation computers were characterized by the use of vacuum tubes as their principal electronic component. Vacuum tubes are bulky and produce a lot of heat, so first-generation computers were large and required extensive air conditioning to keep them cool. In addition, because vacuum tubes do not operate very fast, these computers were relatively slow. 第一代计算机的特色是使用真空管为其主要电子器件。真空管体积大且发 热严重,因此第一代计算机体积庞大，并且需要大量的空调设备保持冷却。 此外, 因为真空管运行不是很快，这些计算机运行速度相对较慢。 The UNIVAC I was the first commercial computer in this generation. As noted earlier, it was used in the Census Bureau in 1951. It was also the first computer to be used in a business application. In 1954, General Electric took delivery of a UNIVAC I and used it for some of its business data processing. UNIVAC I是第一代中最早的商业化计算机。如前所述，它在1951年被用 于人口普查局。它还是第一部用于商业应用的计算机。在1954年,通用电气 接收了UNIVAC I,并用它进行一些商业数据处理