Lesson one Where Do We Go From Here? Martin Luther King Jr. Time Allocation and Teaching Procedure:(about 8 classes are needed for the lesson) The 1t two classes:1.students'presentations(for the purpose of checking up students'preview of the text)2.teacher's comment on the presentations and brief,additional introduction to the text 3.vocabulary 4.Introducing the content of the text briefly. The 2md two classes:teacher's interpretation of the meaning of some difficult sentences,language points,and rhetorical devices The3rd two elasses:continuation of the interpretation of the text The 4th two classes:1.asking students to sum up the main idea 2.explaining some useful words and expressions picked out from the text. exercises in the textbook 3.supplemental exercises-a.translation b.cloze L.Objectives A.Content 24.To Understand the theme of the speech-"Where do we go from here?"Three tasks to fulfill in order to"o from here"to the destination. 25.To acquaint student with the language points and help them master these points. B.Style and Strategies To analyze the author's choice of words in developing his arguments To analyze how the structure contributes to the clarity of the piece To appreciate rhetorical devices the author employs in this speech II.Topics for Presentations (based on pre-class group discussion) Who is Martin Luther King Jr.?How much do you know about him? ●What is bus boycott? What made King deliver such a speech in 1967? King says,"The job of arousing manhood within a people that have been taught for so many centuries that they are nobody is not easy".Do you agree with him?Give your reason(s). How does King try to prove that love is the only answer to mankind's problems?
Lesson one Where Do We Go From Here? Martin Luther King Jr. Time Allocation and Teaching Procedure: (about 8 classes are needed for the lesson) The 1 st two classes: 1. students’ presentations (for the purpose of checking up students’ preview of the text) 2. teacher’s comment on the presentations and brief, additional introduction to the text 3. vocabulary 4. Introducing the content of the text briefly. The 2nd two classes: teacher’s interpretation of the meaning of some difficult sentences, language points, and rhetorical devices The3rd two classes: continuation of the interpretation of the text The 4th two classes: 1. asking students to sum up the main idea 2. explaining some useful words and expressions picked out from the text; exercises in the textbook 3. supplemental exercises— a. translation b. cloze I. Objectives A. Content 24. To Understand the theme of the speech—“Where do we go from here?” Three tasks to fulfill in order to “go from here” to the destination. 25. To acquaint student with the language points and help them master these points. B. Style and Strategies ⚫ To analyze the author’s choice of words in developing his arguments ⚫ To analyze how the structure contributes to the clarity of the piece ⚫ To appreciate rhetorical devices the author employs in this speech II. Topics for Presentations (based on pre-class group discussion) ⚫ Who is Martin Luther King Jr.? How much do you know about him? ⚫ What is bus boycott? ⚫ What made King deliver such a speech in 1967? ⚫ King says,” The job of arousing manhood within a people that have been taught for so many centuries that they are nobody is not easy”. Do you agree with him? Give your reason(s). ⚫ How does King try to prove that love is the only answer to mankind’s problems?
IIL.Additional information about the author President Lincoln's the Emancipation Proclamation delivered during the Civil War declared the end of slavery,but the racial discrimination and segregation still exited,which was at rampant during the 1950s and 1960s in USA.Black children were not allowed to attend the same schools with the whites,black riders should let white riders take seat if it was needed.The unequal treatment aroused the blacks'indignation,they rose to appeal for civil rights. King,a brave fighter for the blacks in the USA,served as leader of the civil rights movement for the black Americans.His energetic personality and persuasive oratory helped unite many blacks in a search for peaceful solution to racial oppression and discrimination.He believed in the nonviolent protest as a means to achieve recognition and rights for all black Americans.Although King's views were challenged by blacks who had lost faith in nonviolence,his belief in the power of nonviolent protest remained strong.Militant black leaders began to attack his appeal for nonviolence,they accused him of being influenced too much by the whites On the night of April 4.1968 Dr.King was shot dead by an assassin as he stood on the balcony outside the motel room where he had stayed.When the funeral was held in the chapel at Spellman College,moumers lined up to pay their last respect to the Rev.Martin Luther King Jr. People often say that behind every successful man,stands a great woman.It is also the case with King.his wife Coretta Scott King was side by side with him when King fought for the recognition and civil rights for all black Americans and appealed for nonviolence,and after King's death,Coretta Scott King carried out his legacy by continuing his hard struggle for civil rights.She created the Martin Luther King Jr.Center for Nonviolent Social Change(马丁·路德·金非暴力社会变 )in Atlanta,King's native place,and she fought for 15 years to have him honored with a national holiday.She also devoted much of her life to children IV Teaching points Part I (paras.1-2)serving as a link to the theme of the speech-"Where do we go from here?"by showing some figures and facts. Para.1 1.recognize:see clearly though,perhaps unwillingly:e.g.We must recognize that the embarrassing situation our team is faced with
III. Additional information about the author President Lincoln’s the Emancipation Proclamation delivered during the Civil War declared the end of slavery, but the racial discrimination and segregation still exited, which was at rampant during the 1950s and 1960s in USA. Black children were not allowed to attend the same schools with the whites, black riders should let white riders take seat if it was needed. The unequal treatment aroused the blacks’ indignation, they rose to appeal for civil rights. King, a brave fighter for the blacks in the USA, served as leader of the civil rights movement for the black Americans. His energetic personality and persuasive oratory helped unite many blacks in a search for peaceful solution to racial oppression and discrimination. He believed in the nonviolent protest as a means to achieve recognition and rights for all black Americans. Although King’s views were challenged by blacks who had lost faith in nonviolence, his belief in the power of nonviolent protest remained strong. Militant black leaders began to attack his appeal for nonviolence, they accused him of being influenced too much by the whites. On the night of April 4, 1968 Dr. King was shot dead by an assassin as he stood on the balcony outside the motel room where he had stayed. When the funeral was held in the chapel at Spellman College, mourners lined up to pay their last respect to the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. People often say that behind every successful man, stands a great woman. It is also the case with King, his wife Coretta Scott King was side by side with him when King fought for the recognition and civil rights for all black Americans and appealed for nonviolence, and after King’s death, Coretta Scott King carried out his legacy by continuing his hard struggle for civil rights. She created the Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change (马丁·路德·金非暴力社会变 革中心) in Atlanta, King’s native place, and she fought for 15 years to have him honored with a national holiday. She also devoted much of her life to children. IV Teaching points Part 1 (paras. 1—2 ) serving as a link to the theme of the speech -“Where do we go from here?” by showing some figures and facts. Para.1 1. recognize: see clearly though, perhaps unwillingly:认清 e.g. We must recognize that the embarrassing situation our team is faced with
2.Today another curious percent of a person. a.The idea is when the Constitution was written,the Negro was considered as only 60%of a person;but now he is even less,only 50%of a person.That is to say,his status has deteriorated. b.Question:What makes the speaker say so?-Dr.King gives a number of examples:"half of all Negroes live substandard housing:Negroes have half the income of whites,there are twice as many unemployed:the rate of infant mortality among Negroes is double that of whites.' c.formula:.a general rule expressed惯例，常规，原则，方案Here it can be interpreted as expression. 3.in proportion to with):in comparison with sth.in size.amount.importance etc.与成比例，按照，与相比 e.g.The workers get their payment in proportion to work done,not to the time taken in it.(Ask students to make sentences with this phrase. para.2 4.Negroes lag one to three years behind whites.:The sentence means:in terms of leamning,the kind of knowledge which a white kid would master in Grade 3 would be grasped by a black kid sometime between Grade 4 and Grade 6. Part 2(Paras.3-5) Para.3 5.Para.3 is a transitional paragraph. 6.we must massively assert.worth:We must state clearly and in an impressive way that we should be treated with respect and our value should be recognized. 7.The job of arousing manhood.is not easy a.Nobody:a person of no importance b.The sentence means:It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans,the same as any other people. Para.4 offers some factors,explaining why "arousing manhood."is not easy. 8.blor a moral defect in an otherwise good character,grim:sinister,causing great fear 9.The most degenerate.black sheep:1)The person in family of whom everyone else is ashamed is called a"black sheep”家中最为其他成员所不齿的人是“黑羊”，即败家子， 2)Degenerate:having sunk below a normal condition,character,etc.;morally corrupt 3).black sheep:a family member shunned because of disreputable
2. Today another curious formula .fifty percent of a person. a. The idea is when the Constitution was written, the Negro was considered as only 60%of a person; but now he is even less, only 50% of a person. That is to say, his status has deteriorated. b. Question: What makes the speaker say so?-Dr. King gives a number of examples: “.half of all Negroes live substandard housing; Negroes have half the income of whites; there are twice as many unemployed; the rate of infant mortality among Negroes is double that of whites.” c. formula: a general rule expressed 惯例，常规, 原则，方案 Here it can be interpreted as expression. 3. in proportion to (with): in comparison with sth. in size, amount, importance, etc. 与.成比例，按照, 与.相比 e.g. The workers get their payment in proportion to work done, not to the time taken in it. (Ask students to make sentences with this phrase. ) para.2 4. Negroes lag one to three years behind whites.: The sentence means: in terms of learning, the kind of knowledge which a white kid would master in Grade 3 would be grasped by a black kid sometime between Grade 4 and Grade 6. Part 2 (Paras. 3—5) Para.3 5. Para. 3 is a transitional paragraph. 6. we must massively assert .worth: We must state clearly and in an impressive way that we should be treated with respect and our value should be recognized. 7. The job of arousing manhood. is not easy. a. Nobody: a person of no importance b. The sentence means: It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any other people. Para. 4 offers some factors, explaining why “arousing manhood.” is not easy. 8. blot: a moral defect in an otherwise good character; grim: sinister; causing great fear 9. .The most degenerate.black sheep: 1) The person in family of whom everyone else is ashamed is called a “black sheep” 家中最为其他成员所不齿的人是“黑羊”，即败家子。 2) Degenerate: having sunk below a normal condition, character, etc.; morally corrupt 3). black sheep: a family member shunned because of disreputable
behavior 10.perpetate:.to make sth.exist for a long time,.preserve(使永久、长存)e.gto perpetuate the memory of sb.Or:to perpetuate one's memory长t忆某人 Para.5 11.Question:What is the main idea of this paragraph?The main idea is the African-American must "rise up with an affirmation of his own Olympian manhood".That is to say,he or she must get rid of any inferiority complex in themselves.-This is considered by Dr.King as the first task in the struggle fro genuine freedom. 12.The tendency to ignore the Negro's contribution to American life and to strip him of his personhood5 asas the morning3 newspaper.-l)忽视黑人对美 国生活的贡献和剥夺黑人人权的倾向不仅见于最早的历史书，也同样见于当今的晨 2)personhood:the quality or condition of being an individual person 3) Strip sb./sth of:take away sb./sth.from剥夺某人.in the text,.to strip him ofhis personhood means that to cultivate in him a sense of inferiority.It echoes the statements in para.:the Negro is only 60%of a person,according to the Constitution and 50%of person nowadays 15.And,ith a spirit.,selfabnegation:1)黑人必须以一种竭尽全力自尊自重的精神 大胆地抛弃自我克制的枷锁。2)to strain:to exert::use to the utmost;尽力使用 使用到极至。e.g.I had to strain to my ears to hear his speech.Strain to do sth.The word"strain"has other meanings,e.g.He strained his hands in the last match.(hurt by too much effort of pressure)3)manacle(usu.pl.):fetter or shackle for the hand 16.I am somebody.to make me a slave.Somebody:a person of importance 人物，名人)e.g He has a strong desire to be somebody他有强烈的出人头地的欲 Part 3(paras.69)In this part the speaker puts forward the second task:how to organize the strength of the Negro in terms of economic and political power. Then he goes on to define power and points out the outcome of the misinterpretation of the relation between love and power Para 6 17.he has been subject to the authoritarian(独裁主义者，绝对的权利至上 ):.he has been controlled by the person who is like a dictator or an organization controlling everything rather than letting people decide things for themselves
behavior 10. perpetuate: to make sth. exist for a long time, preserve（使永久、长存）e.g. to perpetuate the memory of sb. Or: to perpetuate one’s memory 长忆某人 Para.5 11. Question: What is the main idea of this paragraph? The main idea is the African-American must “rise up with an affirmation of his own Olympian manhood”. That is to say, he or she must get rid of any inferiority complex in themselves.-This is considered by Dr. King as the first task in the struggle fro genuine freedom. 12. The tendency to ignore the Negro’s contribution to American life and to strip him of his personhood is as .as the morning’s newspaper.—1) 忽视黑人对美 国生活的贡献和剥夺黑人人权的倾向不仅见于最早的历史书，也同样见于当今的晨 报。2) personhood: the quality or condition of being an individual person 3) Strip sb. /sth of : take away sb. /sth. from 剥夺某人. in the text, to strip him of his personhood means that to cultivate in him a sense of inferiority. It echoes the statements in para.1: the Negro is only 60%of a person, according to the Constitution and 50%of person nowadays. 15. And, with a spirit.self-abnegation: 1)黑人必须以一种竭尽全力自尊自重的精神， 大胆地抛弃自我克制的枷锁。2) to strain: to exert; use to the utmost; 尽力使用， 使用.到极至。e.g. I had to strain to my ears to hear his speech. Strain to do sth. The word “strain” has other meanings, e.g. He strained his hands in the last match.（hurt by too much effort of pressure） 3) manacle (usu. pl.): fetter or shackle for the hand 16. I am somebody .to make me a slave. Somebody: a person of importance（重要 人物，名人）e.g. He has a strong desire to be somebody 他有强烈的出人头地的欲 望。 Part 3 (paras. 6—9 ) In this part the speaker puts forward the second task: how to organize the strength of the Negro in terms of economic and political power. Then he goes on to define power and points out the outcome of the misinterpretation of the relation between love and power. Para. 6. 17. .he has been subject to the authoritarian（独裁主义者，绝对的权利至上 者）: .he has been controlled by the person who is like a dictator or an organization controlling everything rather than letting people decide things for themselves
(be)subject to:govemed or controlled by,dependent on Para 7. 18.Now a lot of us.problems with power What is the connection between “being preachers”and“having problems with power"?(我们大家都有自己的道德 信仰和所关切的事情，因此，常常遇到与权利有关的各种问题)一Preachers are supposed to spread God's teaching,that is,peace on earth and love.The common concept of power is force,physical force.So these two things have been contrasted as polar opposites.That is why preachers have problems with power. 19.You see,What happened.got off base:off base:(slang.infml)taking a position,attitude,etc.that is unsound,or in error,not agreeing with fact,wrong e.g.When Tom said that the teacher's explanation did not agree with the book, the teacher was embarrassed at being caught off base Para.8 20 It was this same misinterpretation which induced Christian theologians to reject the Nietzshean philosophy of the will to power in the name of the Christian idea of love:正是这种错误的解释促使基督教的神学家们以基督仁爱思想的 名义拒绝尼采的意志权力论的哲学思想。 2L.hat is neededsentimental and anemic:)必须懂得没有爱的权力是毫无 节制、易被溢用的，而没有权力的爱则是多愁善感、苍白无力的。2)anemic:lacking vigour or vitality.lifeless Part IV (paras.10-15)This part deal with economic security for the Negro Americans.The speaker advocates guaranteed annual income which he thinks is possible and achievable.He also deals on the advantages of this security. Para.10 22.And.in the thinking of that day.moral fiber-And,the common view at that time was a person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right and wrong. a want of:a lack absence of e.g.I'll take this one for want of a better. 23.We've come a long way in understanding.economic system:1I)在对人的动机 的理解和对我们经济体制的无序运作的了解上，我们已经取得了很大的进展。2)have come a long way:have made a lot of progress e.g.We've come a long way since the days when you had to call an operator to phone another country.3) being branded as:being marked as;If you are branded as something bad,people think you are that thing.打上烙印，加污名于)e.g.The naughty boy was branded
(be) subject to: governed or controlled by, dependent on Para 7. 18. Now a lot of us. problems with power. What is the connection between “being preachers” and “having problems with power”? (我们大家都有自己的道德 信仰和所关切的事情，因此，常常遇到与权利有关的各种问题) – Preachers are supposed to spread God’s teaching, that is, peace on earth and love. The common concept of power is force, physical force. So these two things have been contrasted as polar opposites. That is why preachers have problems with power. 19. You see, What happened. got off base: off base: ( slang, infml) taking a position, attitude, etc. that is unsound, or in error; not agreeing with fact, wrong e.g. When Tom said that the teacher’s explanation did not agree with the book, the teacher was embarrassed at being caught off base. Para. 8 20 It was this same misinterpretation which induced Christian theologians (神 学家) to reject the Nietzshean philosophy of the will to power in the name of the Christian idea of love: 正是这种错误的解释促使基督教的神学家们以基督仁爱思想的 名义拒绝尼采的意志权力论的哲学思想。 21. What is needed . sentimental and anemic: 1) 必须懂得没有爱的权力是毫无 节制、易被滥用的，而没有权力的爱则是多愁善感、苍白无力的。2) anemic: lacking vigour or vitality, lifeless Part IV (paras. 10—15 ) This part deal with economic security for the Negro Americans. The speaker advocates guaranteed annual income which he thinks is possible and achievable. He also deals on the advantages of this security. Para.10 22. And, in the thinking of that day,. moral fiber-And, the common view at that time was a person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right and wrong. a want of: a lack / absence of e.g. I’ll take this one for want of a better. 23.We’ve come a long way in understanding. economic system：1) 在对人的动机 的理解和对我们经济体制的无序运作的了解上，我们已经取得了很大的进展。2) have come a long way: have made a lot of progress e.g. We’ve come a long way since the days when you had to call an operator to phone another country. 3) being branded as: being marked as; If you are branded as something bad, people think you are that thing. 打上烙印，加污名于）e.g. The naughty boy was branded