0. Basic concepts 0-1 Fundamentals 1). Law: a summary of experience. 2). Hypothesis: a guess at an explanation in terms of more fundamental concepts 3) Model: a simplified version of the system that focuses on the essentials of the problem. 版权所有:华东理工大学物理化学教研室
版权所有：华东理工大学物理化学教研室 11 0. Basic concepts 0-1 Fundamentals 1). Law: a summary of experience. 2). Hypothesis: a guess at an explanation in terms of more fundamental concepts. 3). Model: a simplified version of the system that focuses on the essentials of the problem
0. Basic concepts 0-2 Matter ) Substance: A substance is a distinct, pure form of matter. The amount of substance, n, in a sample is reported in terms of a unit called a mole(mol). The formal definition of 1 mol is that it is the amount of substance that contains as many objects as there are atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12. This number is found experimentally to be around 6.02 X1023. If a sample contains N entities, the amount of substance it contains is n= NINA, where Na is the Avogadro constant Na=6.02 1023 mol-I. Note that N is not a pure number. 版权所有:华东理工大学物理化学教研室
版权所有：华东理工大学物理化学教研室 12 0-2 Matter A substance is a distinct, pure form of matter. The amount of substance, n, in a sample is reported in terms of a unit called a mole (mol). The formal definition of 1 mol is that it is the amount of substance that contains as many objects as there are atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12. This number is found experimentally to be around 6.02×1023 . If a sample contains N entities, the amount of substance it contains is n = N/NA, where NA is the Avogadro constant: NA = 6.02×1023 mol-1 . Note that NA is not a pure number. 1). Substance: 0. Basic concepts
0. Basic concepts 0-2 Matter 1). Substance 2). Intensive property a property that is independent of the amount of the substance 3). Extensive property: a property that depends on the amount of the substance 版权所有:华东理工大学物理化学教研室
版权所有：华东理工大学物理化学教研室 13 0-2 Matter 2). Intensive property: a property that is independent of the amount of the substance. 3). Extensive property: a property that depends on the amount of the substance. 1). Substance: 0. Basic concepts
Basic concepts 0-3 Energy The central concept of all explanations in physical chemistry is that of energy. briefly, energy is the capacity to do work. There are two contributions to the total energy of a system from the matter it contains. The kinetic energy and the potential energy. 版权所有:华东理工大学物理化学教研室
版权所有：华东理工大学物理化学教研室 14 0-3 Energy The central concept of all explanations in physical chemistry is that of energy. Briefly, energy is the capacity to do work. There are two contributions to the total energy of a system from the matter it contains. The kinetic energy and the potential energy. 0. Basic concepts
Basic concepts 0-3 Energy 1). Kinetic energy: the energy it possesses as a result of its motion. 2). Potential energy: the energy it possesses as a result of its position. 3). The unit of energy Joule(), SI unit; 1 J=1 kg m2 s-2 版权所有:华东理工大学物理化学教研室
版权所有：华东理工大学物理化学教研室 15 0-3 Energy 1). Kinetic energy: the energy it possesses as a result of its motion. 2). Potential energy: the energy it possesses as a result of its position. 3). The unit of energy: Joule (J), SI unit; 1 J = 1 kg m2 s -2 . 0. Basic concepts