Chapter 19 Energy resources 19. 1 Electricity is a convenient form of energy electron Metal ion -0● turbine steam armature Energy source Multiple wire water ops magn Fig 19. 1 basic anatomy of an electric generator. Electricity is generated in a looped wire as the wire rotates through a magnetic field this motion causes electrons in the wire to slosh back and forth. Because the electrons are moving they possess kinetic energy and so have the capacity to do work
Chapter 19 Energy resources 19.1 Electricity is a convenient form of energy Fig 19.1 basic anatomy of an electric generator. Electricity is generated in a looped wire as the wire rotates through a magnetic field. This motion causes electrons in the wire to slosh back and forth. Because the electrons are moving, they possess kinetic energy and so have the capacity to do work electron turbine Metal ion armature Multiple wire loops magnet water steam Energy source
19.2 Fossil fuels are a widely used but limited energy source 38%from petroleum, 30% from coal, 20% from natural gas Former Soviet Union North america coal 23. 4% coa26.1% D Europe petroleum 6.3% petroleum 6.2%0 natural gas 38.7% natural gas 5.0 Eu coal T2.4% Asia Pacific petroleum 2.0% coa29.7% natural gas 3.5% petroleum 4.3% A' Africa natural gas 7.0% coal 6.2% petroleum 7.2% Middle east South and atural gas 7.7% coal 6.2%/ centralAmerica petroleum 65.4% coal 2. 2% natural gas 33.8% petroleum 8.6%0 natural gas 4 3% Fig 19.2 fossil-fuel deposits are not distributed evenly throughout the world, for instance, as percent of the world's recoverable petroleum deposits are in the middle east, along with 34 percent of recoverable natural-gas deposits. North America is relatively poor in petroleumand natural gas but has a bit more than one-fourth of the world's supply of coal
19.2 Fossil fuels are a widely used but limited energy source 38% from petroleum, 30 % from coal, 20% from natural gas Fig 19.2 fossil-fuel deposits are not distributed evenly throughout the world, for instance, as percent of the world’s recoverable petroleum deposits are in the middle east, along with 34 percent of recoverable natural-gas deposits. North America is relatively poor in petroleum and natural gas but has a bit more than one-fourth of the world’s supply of coal North America coal 26.1% petroleum 6.2% natural gas 5.0% South and central America coal 2.2% petroleum 8.6% natural gas 4.3% Europe coal 12.4% petroleum 2.0% natural gas 3.5% Africa coal 6.2% petroleum 7.2% natural gas 7.7% Former Soviet Union coal 23.4% petroleum 6.3% natural gas 38.7% Asia Pacific coal 29.7% petroleum 4.3% natural gas 7.0% Middle East coal 6.2% petroleum 65.4% natural gas 33.8%
The Goal.'Black Gold Petroleum Suppes our Energy Needs Heavy Texas Crude Coal petroleum Natural gas Fig 19. 3 typical molecular structure of coal, petroleum and natural gas
Fig 19.3 typical molecular structure of coal, petroleum and natural gas Coal petroleum Natural gas
Coal is the filthiest fossil fuel Coal contains sulfur. toxic heavy metals, and Scrubbed gas to atmosphere radioactive isotopes Extracting coal from the Spray tower ground is harmful to human health and to the Caco. environment ∠→ Caso, to The coal can be purified by solid-waste disposal site floatation(浮选 Effluents from -t coal-fired Sulfur dioxide produced power plant containing So2 2 from the burning of coal can be removed by scrubber(i Fig 19.7 a scrubber is used to remove most of the sulfur dioxide 体洗涤器) created when coal is burned
Coal is the filthiest fossil fuel Coal contains sulfur, toxic heavy metals, and radioactive isotopes. Extracting coal from the ground is harmful to human health and to the environment. The coal can be purified by floatation (浮选). Sulfur dioxide produced from the burning of coal can be removed by scrubber (气 体洗涤器). Fig 19.7 a scrubber is used to remove most of the sulfur dioxide created when coal is burned Scrubbed gas to atmosphere Spray tower CaCO3 CaSO4 to solid-waste disposal site Effluents from coal-fired power plant containing SO2
Petroleum is the king of fossil coal Natural gas is the purest fossil fuel Natural gas contains little amount of sulfur It burns at lower temperature, producing less no The efficiency to generate electricity by using gas turbine can be as high as 47% Natural gas can be methane, which is safer, and propane
• Petroleum is the king of fossil coal. • Natural gas is the purest fossil fuel. • Natural gas contains little amount of sulfur. It burns at lower temperature, producing less NO. • The efficiency to generate electricity by using gas turbine can be as high as 47%. • Natural gas can be methane, which is safer, and propane