理想气体状态方程 perfect gas equation pV = constant × nT = nRT 气体常数 gas constant R = 8.31451 J K1 mol1
理想气体状态方程 气体常数
☆状态面 Surface of state Surface p, Isotherm of possible states v∝ T isobar 三0 g0d olume, V Olume, V
状态面 Surface of State
热力学第一定律 the first Law of Thermodynamics ☆能量守恒 △U universe △U system △U surroundings ☆热功当量 Heat and work are equivalent forms of energy 1 Calorie=4.184 Joule
热力学第一定律 能量守恒 热功当量 1 Calorie = 4.184 Joule
Matter 开放体系 Energy (a) oper 封闭体系 Maior Energy 孤立体系 (c) Isolated
开放体系 封闭体系 孤立体系
Surroundings Surroundings Energy Energy 个↑个一个 Energy Energy System System 功,有序运动热无序(热运动
功, 有序运动 热, 无序(热)运动