10.如果不向女主人打个招呼，那孔碧霞会伤心的。孔碧霞和她女儿还在忙着，听说我 要走，有点扫兴：“啊呀，大概是我做的菜不好吧，不合你的口味！” 11.The United States of America is often seen as a nation in which the pursuit of happiness is not a dream but a reality.The sad truth is that although portrayed as an unusually easy life life in America is as much of a struggle as in any other nation. For example.higher-level education for Americans does not come easy.Although there are scholarships.grants and loans available.if the student fails to meet the criteria he is left with only personal resources to draw from.This takes him into a life with not only a school schedule to follow but perhaps,also,a work schedule and family life.These are often the that are ayed through the Tand m also the ve they ll not er by attending anAmeric olle ace,there is no financial security. Ma times at is portrayed of lif America is a life where"money is no object".The fallacy in this is that,in spite of th comparatively higher wages available,the cost of living is also higher.Even though it may seem like one is making more money,just as much is spent in surviving.Each person has their own personal struggle and money is an object for the majority of the people. Thirdly is the belief that in the american way of life evervone has a good ioh with the increasing advancements in technology.a well-paving iob for those currently in the work force is getting harder to find.Those who hav exposed to co omputers and other re finding tru ue for t have not b computers an methods ommunic As i stands no (Judging from the present situa ons),the job market is requ ring at lea two-year degree from college,in order to make enough to live comfortably.Even ther good-paying jobs are not easy to find,as it is sometimes believed because of the portrayal oflife in America Even though the United States is the land of liberty in which each individual has rights the mere availability of those rights does not guarantee an easy life.Each individual must struggle for a good education.Each must struggle for financial freedom.and each must struge for a good job.Therefore even if it may be portrayed as an easy life.it can ally be in these aspects with】 othe ountry
10 10. 如果不向女主人打个招呼，那孔碧霞会伤心的。孔碧霞和她女儿还在忙着，听说我 要走，有点扫兴：“啊呀，大概是我做的菜不好吧，不合你的口味！” 11. The United States of America is often seen as a nation in which the pursuit of happiness is not a dream but a reality. The sad truth is that although portrayed as an unusually easy life, life in America is as much of a struggle as in any other nation. For example, higher-level education for Americans does not come easy. Although there are scholarships, grants and loans available, if the student fails to meet the criteria he is left with only personal resources to draw from. This takes him into a life with not only a school schedule to follow but perhaps, also, a work schedule and family life. These are often the difficulties that are not portrayed through the TV and movies. These are also the difficulties which many believe they will not encounter by attending an American college. In the second place, there is no financial security. Many times what is portrayed of life in America is a life where “money is no object”. The fallacy in this is that, in spite of the comparatively higher wages available, the cost of living is also higher. Even though it may seem like one is making more money, just as much is spent in surviving. Each person has their own personal struggle and money is an object for the majority of the people. Thirdly is the belief that in the American way of life everyone has a good job. With the increasing advancements in technology, a well-paying job for those currently in the work force is getting harder to find. Those who have not been exposed to computers and other new methods of communication are finding this to be true. (It is especially true for those who have not been exposed to computers and other new methods of communication) As it stands now (Judging from the present situations), the job market is requiring at least a two-year degree from college, in order to make enough to live comfortably. Even then good-paying jobs are not easy to find, as it is sometimes believed because of the portrayal of life in America. Even though the United States is the land of liberty in which each individual has rights, the mere availability of those rights does not guarantee an easy life. Each individual must struggle for a good education. Each must struggle for financial freedom, and each must struggle for a good job. Therefore, even if it may be portrayed as an easy life, it can actually be compared in these three aspects with most any other country
Lecture Five L.StructuralAmplification(结构性增补) 1.到了铁公祠前，朝南一望，只见对面千佛山上，梵字僧楼，与那苍松翠柏， 高下相间，红的火红，白的雪白，青的靛青，绿的碧绿，更有那一株半株的丹枫夹 在里面 仿佛宋人赵千里的 幅大画，做了一架数十里长的屏风 When he reached the temple,he looked southwards and saw on the other side of the lake the Mount of a Thousand buddhas.There were temples and monasteries,some high and some low.scattered among the graved pines and green cypresses:the red were as red as fire,the white as white as snow,the blue as blue as indigo and the green as green as emerald,while here and there were a few red maples.It looked like a big painting by Zhao Qianli,the Song dynasty painter,only made into a screen a dozen miles long 2.The other outstanding feature is that the new inventions were for everyday use.The canals were arteries of communication:they were not made to carry pleasure boats,but barges And the barges were not made to carry luxuries but pots and pans and bales of s of ribl nle bury by the 一个个突出 的特 :新发明都是为日常生液 服务的。 可是交通 合脉」 河不是为了走游艇，而是为了通行驳船。而驳船也不是为了运送奢侈品，而是为了 运送瓦罐铁锅、成包的棉布、成箱的缎带，以及那些只花个把便士就能买到的各式 日用品 Exercise 进来了就休想出去 He has been broadcasting for 4 hours without any mistakes After my conversion I soon became sufficiently known as a socialist orator 4.But the temping-iron rubbed against the side of the shaft.and a spark ignited the powder The big sites hich had the im ortant political economic and religic s things going on. re 6. The best lubricant cannot maintain oil films between the surfaces of engineering gears 2.Semantic Amplification(语义性增补) 1.有一座塔，由于修建年代较近，保存得较为完整，塔身有碑文，①移步读去，猛然 惊，②他的主人，竟然就是那个王圆箓！（余秋雨：《道士塔》） There was a stupas which is comparatively intact because it was built not long ago (There was a stup iscomparatively intact)There isn epitap inscribed on it.When I went closer and read the text I found,to my great consternation that the man buried under this stupa was none other than Wang Yuanlu Fxercise 1.Money is a good servant but a bad master 2.Some plants grow well in certain areas,but not in others,for they do not have the ability to adapt themselves to foreign climates 3.Rhetorical Amplification(修辞性增补) 1.They were in fact,very fine ladies.not deficient in good-humor when they were pleased nor in the power of being agreeable when they chose it:but proud and conceited
11 Lecture Five 1. Structural Amplification（结构性增补） 1. . 到了铁公祠前，朝南一望，只见对面千佛山上，梵宇僧楼，与那苍松翠柏， 高下相间，红的火红，白的雪白，青的靛青，绿的碧绿，更有那一株半株的丹枫夹 在里面，仿佛宋人赵千里的一幅大画，做了一架数十里长的屏风。 When he reached the temple, he looked southwards and saw on the other side of the lake the Mount of a Thousand buddhas. There were temples and monasteries, some high and some low, scattered among the grayed pines and green cypresses; the red were as red as fire, the white as white as snow, the blue as blue as indigo and the green as green as emerald, while here and there were a few red maples. It looked like a big painting by Zhao Qianli, the Song dynasty painter, only made into a screen a dozen miles long. 2. The other outstanding feature is that the new inventions were for everyday use. The canals were arteries of communication: they were not made to carry pleasure boats, but barges. And the barges were not made to carry luxuries, but pots and pans and bales of cloth, boxes of ribbon, and all the common things that people buy by the pennyworth. 另一个个突出的特点是：新发明都是为日常生活服务的。运河是交通的命脉，开运 河不是为了走游艇，而是为了通行驳船。而驳船也不是为了运送奢侈品，而是为了 运送瓦罐铁锅、成包的棉布、成箱的缎带，以及那些只花个把便士就能买到的各式 日用品。 Exercise: 1. 进来了就休想出去。 2. He has been broadcasting for 4 hours without any mistakes. 3. After my conversion I soon became sufficiently known as a socialist orator. 4. But the temping-iron rubbed against the side of the shaft, and a spark ignited the powder. 5. The big sites, which had the important political, economic and religious things going on, are almost all gone. 6. The best lubricant cannot maintain oil films between the surfaces of engineering gears. 2. Semantic Amplification（语义性增补） 1. 有一座塔，由于修建年代较近，保存得较为完整，塔身有碑文，①移步读去，猛然 一惊，②他的主人，竟然就是那个王圆箓！（余秋雨：《道士塔》） There was a stupas which is comparatively intact because it was built not long ago. (There was a stupas built not long ago, so it is comparatively intact.) There is an epitaph inscribed on it. When I went closer and read the text, I found, to my great consternation, that the man buried under this stupa was none other than Wang Yuanlu. Exercise: 1. Money is a good servant but a bad master. 2. Some plants grow well in certain areas, but not in others, for they do not have the ability to adapt themselves to foreign climates. 3. Rhetorical Amplification（修辞性增补） 1. They were in fact, very fine ladies; not deficient in good-humor when they were pleased, nor in the power of being agreeable when they chose it; but proud and conceited
事实上，她们都是非常好的小姐：她们并非不会谈笑风生，这得看她们是否高兴： 她们也不是不会待人和气，这得看她们是否乐意：可借的是，她们一味骄做自大。 1.He said so toEssex,"didn't think you would hold me for political ransom.So nakedly, any way. 2.I remember thinking."No.No.It's not Jackson,it's not my husband,it's not my Jackson. But it was" 4.Ex eriorized Amplification(外化性增补) He discovered thousands of previously unidentified rockart sites across Arhem Land. 2."I knew the North Star,"Henson wrote years later."Like the star of Bethlehem,it announced where my salvation lay." 3.At the callow age of 14 it seemed perfectly natural to me that a working wife and mother had nothing better to do after a hard day's work than tutor me Latin Exercise 1.Even before they were acquainted he had admired Osborne in secret.Now he was his valet his dog.his man Friday. 2.The professor,annoyed at the interruption of his flow up his hand Wait just one minute,gentlemen.I have a few more pearls to cast 3.The only way out is fig-leaf diplomacy.So long as the Baltic countries nominally acknowledge their Soviet membership,Corbachev may give them more latitude in gheronaisoggeney 4.I was n alion,I was Era steir 5.Syntactical Omission(句法性减省) 1.Before handing in your translation,you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved.Only thus can you do your work well. 交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。只有这样你才能把工作做 好。 2.Early to rise and early to bed makes aman healthy.早睡早起身体好 3.If there were no gravity,.there would be no air around the earth.没有重力，地球周围就 没有空气。 4.The products produced in this factory are good in quality and low in price.该厂生产的 产品物关价廉。 5.You don't look very well today.你今天气色不太好。 6.Eight o'clock found Tom up and dressed.八点种，汤姆起床穿衣。 Exercise: 1.As is so often pointed out,knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil. 2.William Sidney who is known under his pen name,O.Henry,is one of the best known writer of America 3.You'd better put on your sweater,for it's rather coldoutside 4.It is over sixty years since the Long March ended in victory in 1935 5.On weekends we have no school. 6.It's no use talking to him about it Ifeel asharp pain in my ches The year of 1949 saw the founding of the People's Republic of China
12 事实上，她们都是非常好的小姐；她们并非不会谈笑风生，这得看她们是否高兴； 她们也不是不会待人和气，这得看她们是否乐意；可惜的是，她们一味骄傲自大。 Exercise: 1. He said so to Essex, "I didn't think you would hold me for political ransom. So nakedly, any way. 2. I remember thinking, “No. No. It's not Jackson, it's not my husband, it's not my Jackson. But it was.” 4. Exteriorized Amplification（外化性增补） 1. He discovered thousands of previously unidentified rock art sites across Arnhem Land. 2. “I knew the North Star,” Henson wrote years later. “Like the star of Bethlehem, it announced where my salvation lay.” 3. At the callow age of 14 it seemed perfectly natural to me that a working wife and mother had nothing better to do after a hard day's work than tutor me Latin. Exercise: 1. Even before they were acquainted he had admired Osborne in secret. Now he was his valet, his dog, his man Friday. 2. The professor, annoyed at the interruption of his flow of eloquence, held up his hand: “Wait just one minute, gentlemen. I have a few more pearls to cast.” 3. The only way out is fig-leaf diplomacy. So long as the Baltic countries nominally acknowledge their Soviet membership, Corbachev may give them more latitude in running their own affairs, although grudgingly. 4. I was not Pygmalion, I was Frankenstein. 5. Syntactical Omission (句法性减省) 1. Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well. 交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。只有这样你才能把工作做 好。 2. Early to rise and early to bed makes a man healthy.早睡早起身体好。 3. If there were no gravity, there would be no air around the earth. 没有重力，地球周围就 没有空气。 4. The products produced in this factory are good in quality and low in price. 该厂生产的 产品物美价廉。 5. You don't look very well today. 你今天气色不太好。 6. Eight o'clock found Tom up and dressed. 八点种，汤姆起床穿衣。 Exercise: 1. As is so often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil. 2. William Sidney Porter, who is known under his pen name, O. Henry, is one of the best known writer of America. 3. You'd better put on your sweater, for it's rather cold outside. 4. It is over sixty years since the Long March ended in victory in 1935. 5. On weekends we have no school. 6. It's no use talking to him about it. 7. I feel a sharp pain in my chest. 8. The year of 1949 saw the founding of the People's Republic of China
6.Rhetorical Omission 1.Eighty five percent of people polled recently had not a clue what is meant,although53% e polled said they thought it sounded pretty important 参加最近民意测验的人中有百分之八十五对此一无所知，虽然有百分之五十三的人 说他们觉得这东西听起来相当重要。 2.我们必须坚持社会主义道路，坚持人民民主专政即无产阶级专政，坚持共产党的领 导，坚持马列主义、毛泽东思想 We mus adhere to the socialist road,the people's democratic dictatorship (ie.the dictatorship of the proletariat),the Communist Party's leadership and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought. 3.二十年，时间看起来很长， 一晃就过去了。所以，我们从八十年代的第一年开始 就必须一天也不耽误，专心致志地、聚精会神地搞四个现代化建设。 the very frst year of the e must devote our full attention toach ving the fo modernizations and not waste a single day. Exercise: 1.Even though assaults on the planet's ecosystem started a long time ago.the period of greatest destruction to the earth began after 1945 2.这是革命的春天，这是人民的春天，这是科学的春天！让我们张开双臂，热烈拥抱 这个春天吧！ 3.He isman of culture and earing 4.She sat there calm and quiet,waiting for their decision. 5.我们说，长征是历史记录上的第一次，长征是宣言书，长征是宣传队，长征是播种 机。 13
13 6. Rhetorical Omission 1. Eighty five percent of people polled recently had not a clue what is meant, although 53% of those polled said they thought it sounded pretty important. 参加最近民意测验的人中有百分之八十五对此一无所知，虽然有百分之五十三的人 说他们觉得这东西听起来相当重要。 2. 我们必须坚持社会主义道路，坚持人民民主专政即无产阶级专政，坚持共产党的领 导，坚持马列主义、毛泽东思想。 We must adhere to the socialist road, the people’s democratic dictatorship (i.e. the dictatorship of the proletariat), the Communist Party’s leadership and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought. 3. 二十年，时间看起来很长，一晃就过去了。所以，我们从八十年代的第一年开始， 就必须一天也不耽误，专心致志地、聚精会神地搞四个现代化建设。 Although a period of 20 years sounds quite long, the time will slip by very quickly. From the very first year of the 1980s, we must devote our full attention to achieving the four modernizations and not waste a single day. Exercise: 1. Even though assaults on the planet's ecosystem started a long time ago, the period of greatest destruction to the earth began after 1945. 2. 这是革命的春天，这是人民的春天，这是科学的春天！让我们张开双臂，热烈拥抱 这个春天吧！ 3. He is man of culture and learning. 4. She sat there calm and quiet, waiting for their decision. 5. 我们说，长征是历史记录上的第一次，长征是宣言书，长征是宣传队，长征是播种 机
Translate the Passage into Chinese The Story of My Life (Excerpt 1) Helen Keller The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher.Anne Mansfield Sullivan,came to me.I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects.It was the third of March,1887,three months beforeI was seven yearsold. On the afternoon of that eventful day,I stood on the porch,dumb,expectant.I guessed vaguely from my mother's signs and from the hurrying to andfro in the house that something unusual was about to happen,so I went to the door and waited on the steps.The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch,and fell on my upturned face.My fingers lingered almost unconsciously on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just come forth to greet the spring I did not know what the fuure held of marvelo for me.Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor had Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog,when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in and the great ship,tense and anxious.groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line and you waited with beating heart for something to happen?I was like that ship before my education began,only I was without compass or sounding-line,and had no way of knowing how near the harbor was."Light!Give me light"was the wordless cry of my soul.and the light of love shone on me in that very hour. I felt approaching footsteps,I stretched out my hand as I supposed to my mother.Someone took it and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to reveal all things to me and more than all me. The morning after my teacher came she led me into her room and gave me a doll.The little blind children at the Perkins Institution had sent it and Laura Bridgman had dressed it but I did not know this until afterward.When I had played with it a little while,Miss Sullivan slowly spelled into my hand the wordI was interested in this finger play and tried to imitate it.When I finally succeeded in making the letters correctly I was flushed with childish pleasure and pride.Running downstairs to my mother.I held up my hand and made the letters for doll.I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed:I was simply making my fingers go in monkey-like imitation In the days that followed I learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words,among them pin.hat cup and a few verbs like sit. stand and walk But my teacher had been with me several weeks before I understood that everything has a name. I left the well houseeager to learn.Everything had a name,and each name gave birth to a 14
14 Translate the Passage into Chinese The Story of My Life (Excerpt 1) Helen Keller The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old. On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, expectant. I guessed vaguely from my mother’s signs and from the hurrying to and fro in the house that something unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned face. My fingers lingered almost unconsciously on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just come forth to greet the sweet southern spring. I did not know what the future held of marvel or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle. Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line and you waited with beating heart for something to happen?’ I was like that ship before my education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the harbor was. “Light! Give me light!” was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour. I felt approaching footsteps, I stretched out my hand as I supposed to my mother. Someone took it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to reveal all things to me, and, more than all things else, to love me. The morning after my teacher came she led me into her room and gave me a doll. The little blind children at the Perkins Institution had sent it and Laura Bridgman had dressed it; but I did not know this until afterward. When I had played with it a little while, Miss Sullivan slowly spelled into my hand the word “d-o-l-l”. I was at once interested in this finger play and tried to imitate it. When I finally succeeded in making the letters correctly I was flushed with childish pleasure and pride. Running downstairs to my mother, I held up my hand and made the letters for doll. I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in monkey-like imitation. In the days that followed I learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words, among them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk. But my teacher had been with me several weeks before I understood that everything has a name. I left the well house eager to learn. Everything had a name, and each name gave birth to a