We need an expert analysis of market trends 我们需要一个专家对市场趋势所作的分析 This matter needs careful analysis 这件事还需要认真分析。 [记忆技巧]同源派生词: analyst n.分析家,化学分析家; analytic/analytical adj 分析的,用分析法的; analyse/analyze v.分析 He has a fine analytical mind 他善于分析。 If we analyze water, we find that it is made up of two parts of hydrogen and one part of oxygen 如果我们对水进行分析,就会发现它是由两个氢原子和一个氧原子构成的 4. additional ad 附加的,另外的 The meal costs $3 and there is an add itional 20 cents for service 这顿饭花了3美元外加20美分的服务费。 We need some add itional help, for we can not do it alone 我们还需要一些帮助,因为我们无法单独完成 [记忆技巧]同源派生词: addition n.加;adv.加,加上。 Additionally adv.额外 地; additive n.添加剂 [常用短语] add sth. to sth)加,增加; add up(to)加起来总和是,等于,表示;in addition(to)除……之外,并且 5. available ad ①(指物)可用的,有效的,可获得的 These tickets are available for one month only 这些票的有限期只有一个月 The book you ordered is not available 你订购的那本书还没有货 ②(指人)能出席的 Are you available for a meeting tomorrow morning 明天上午的会你能出席吗? [记忆技巧] avail vt.利用;有帮助,有用 You should avail yourself of every opportunity to practise your English 你该利用每一个机会练习英语 money doesn 't avail on a desert island 金钱在荒岛上没有用处。 [常用短语] avail oneself of利用; of no/little avail无助的,无用的; without avail; to no avail无结果,不成功 We pulled him out of the river and tried revive him but to no avail 我们把他从河里拉上来想使他恢复知觉,但是没有成功 6. shortage r.不足,不足之量;缺少 Owing to shortage of staff, the project will not be finished on schedule 由于人员缺乏,这项工程无法按时完成 There is a shortage of good build ing wood 这里缺乏优质建筑木材。 [记忆技巧]同源派生词: short adj.短的,不足的;adv.唐突地,突然停止; shorten vt/vi.使短,变短,使不足; shorts( pair of shorts)短裤 [常用短语] have a short temper易怒,脾气急躁; be short of无足够之量;cut
We need an expert analysis of market trends 我们需要一个专家对市场趋势所作的分析。 This matter needs careful analysis. 这件事还需要认真分析。 [记忆技巧]同源派生词: analyst n. 分析家, 化学分析家; analytic/analytical adj. 分析的, 用分析法的; analyse/analyze v. 分析 He has a fine analytical mind. 他善于分析。 If we analyze water, we find that it is made up of two parts of hydrogen and one part of oxygen. 如果我们对水进行分析, 就会发现它是由两个氢原子和一个氧原子构成的。 4. additional adj. 附加的 , 另外的 The meal costs $3 and there is an additional 20 cents for service. 这顿饭花了 3 美元外加 20 美分的服务费。 We need some additional help, for we can not do it alone. 我们还需要一些帮助, 因为我们无法单独完成。 [记忆技巧]同源派生词: addition n. 加; adv. 加, 加上。 Additionally adv. 额外 地; additive n. 添加剂 [常用短语] add sth. (to sth.) 加, 增加; add up(to) 加起来总和是, 等于, 表示; in addition (to) 除……之外, 并且 5. available adj. ①(指物)可用的, 有效的, 可获得的 These tickets are available for one month only. 这些票的有限期只有一个月。 The book you ordered is not available. 你订购的那本书还没有货。 ②(指人)能出席的 Are you available for a meeting tomorrow morning. 明天上午的会你能出席吗? [记忆技巧] avail vt. 利用; 有帮助, 有用 You should avail yourself of every opportunity to practise your English. 你该利用每一个机会练习英语。 Money doesn't avail on a desert island. 金钱在荒岛上没有用处。 [常用短语] avail oneself of 利用; of no/little avail 无助的, 无用的; without avail; to no avail 无结果, 不成功 We pulled him out of the river and tried revive him ,but to no avail. 我们把他从河里拉上来想使他恢复知觉, 但是没有成功。 6. shortage n. 不足, 不足之量; 缺少 Owing to shortage of staff, the project will not be finished on schedule. 由于人员缺乏, 这项工程无法按时完成。 There is a shortage of good building wood. 这里缺乏优质建筑木材。 [记忆技巧]同源派生词: short adj. 短的, 不足的; adv. 唐突地, 突然停止; shorten vt./vi. 使短, 变短, 使不足; shorts (pair of shorts) 短裤 [常用短语] have a short temper 易怒, 脾气急躁; be short of 无足够之量; cut
sth/sb. short阻止,使简短; run short of用完; a shortage of…缺 乏……,……不足 7. significant adj.有意义的,有含义的,重要的,重大的 These are very significant points which we must consider carefully 这几点是非常重要的,我们必须加以认真思考 She left with a significant smile 她带着意味深长的微笑离开了 [记忆技巧]同源派生词: significance n.意义,意味,重要,重大; significantly ad有含义地,有意义地; signification n.(字等的)含义,意义; signify vt/vi.表示(个人的意见,意向,目的,意味;有关系,有重 要性 He signified his agreement 他表示同意。 Do dark clouds signify rain? 乌云表示/意味着有雨吗? It doesn,'t signify 那无关紧要。 [常用短语] be of great /little significance极为重要/无关紧要 C、词组用法 l. be exposed to暴露、显露 They are exposed to attack everywhere.他们到处被动挨打 The sold iers were warned to remain hidden and not to be exposed themselves to the enemies 部队奉命继续隐蔽,不能暴露在敌人面前。 可用于主动式。如 Her youth and beauty will expose her to many d 她的年青与美丽将使她面对许多危险 2. convert. into 转变为 He had all his pounds converted into francs 他把他所有的英镑都兑换成了法郎。 He converted them to buddhism 他使他们改信佛教 Coal can be converted to gas by burning 通过燃烧煤可以转化为气 3. in turn 轮流地,依次地 All the applicants will have to be interviewed in turn 所有的申请者都将依次接受面试 He picked up all the books in turn and examined them 他把所有的书一一拾起来检查。 In tur的反义词是 out of turn,表示"不按顺序地"。 You mustnt speak out of (your)turn 你发言不能不按顺序 compare with(to)与……相比,和…比起来 Compared with/to many people, she was indeed very fortunate 和许多人比起来她确实是很幸运的。 Compare this with that, and you will see which is better
sth./sb. short 阻止, 使简短; run short of 用完; a shortage of ... 缺 乏……, ……不足 7. significant adj. 有意义的, 有含义的, 重要的, 重大的 These are very significant points which we must consider carefully. 这几点是非常重要的, 我们必须加以认真思考。 She left with a significant smile. 她带着意味深长的微笑离开了。 [记忆技巧] 同源派生词: significance n. 意义, 意味, 重要, 重大; significantly adj. 有含义地, 有意义地; signification n. (字等的)含义, 意义; signify vt./vi. 表示(个人的意见, 意向, 目的), 意味; 有关系, 有重 要性 He signified his agreement. 他表示同意。 Do dark clouds signify rain? 乌云表示 / 意味着有雨吗? It doesn't signify. 那无关紧要。 [常用短语] be of great /little significance 极为重要 / 无关紧要 C、词组用法 1. be exposed to 暴露、显露 They are exposed to attack everywhere. 他们到处被动挨打。 The soldiers were warned to remain hidden and not to be exposed themselves to the enemies. 部队奉命继续隐蔽, 不能暴露在敌人面前。 可用于主动式。如: Her youth and beauty will expose her to many danger. 她的年青与美丽将使她面对许多危险。 2. convert ... into ... 转变为…… He had all his pounds converted into francs. 他把他所有的英镑都兑换成了法郎。 He converted them to Buddhism. 他使他们改信佛教。 Coal can be converted to gas by burning. 通过燃烧煤可以转化为气。 3. in turn 轮流地, 依次地 All the applicants will have to be interviewed in turn. 所有的申请者都将依次接受面试。 He picked up all the books in turn and examined them. 他把所有的书一一拾起来检查。 in turn 的反义词是 out of turn, 表示"不按顺序地"。 You mustn’t speak out of (your) turn. 你发言不能不按顺序。 4. compare with (to) 与……相比, 和……比起来 Compared with/to many people, she was indeed very fortunate- 和许多人比起来她确实是很幸运的。 Compare this with that, and you will see which is better
把这个和那个比较一下,你就可以看出哪个更好。 That old computer is not to be compared with this new one 那台老计算机没法和这台新的相比。 5. under no circumstan 无论在任何情况下均不可,决不 n/under no circumstances can you lose your self-confident 在任何情况下你都不可失去自信。 In no circumstances can I believe that he is guilt 无论如何我也不相信他是有罪的。 而 in/under the circumstances则表示"在此种情形下,情况既然如此"。 同义词组: in no case决不; in this/ that case在此/那种情况下。 6. as it is(was)照现在的情况,事实上 在句中作插入语,通常置于句首 As it is, we need to improve the equipment in our factory right now 照目前的情况,我们需要立即改善我们厂的设备 I should be glad to go with you, as it is, I' m too busy to do so 我本来很想同你一同去,事实上,我现在忙得走不了 As it was i declined his offer 事实上,我拒绝了他提供的帮助。 as it were与其意义有所不同, as it were与 so to speak同义,表示"可以说"," 打个比喻说","好像",也作插入语。 He is, as it were, a walking dictionary 他可以说是部活字典。 7. range from…to(某范围内)变动、变化 The prices range from very low to very high 价格从低到高不等 His land ranges from here to the river 50 miles away 他的土地从这里一直延伸到50英里以外的河旁 D、疑难词语辨析 1. accident, event incident accident通常指偶然发生的不幸事故,如摔伤、车祸,也指偶然发生的故障 如 There has been many traffic accidents this year 今年发生了许多交通事故 An accident happened to the engine 发动机出了故障 event指重大的事件,特指历史上的重大事件。如: Do you remember the thrilling event of one day in april? 你记得四月里某天发生的那件触目惊心的事吗? incident指某一事件的小波澜、小插曲、小事件。 Conflict is an inevitable incident in any system of cooperation 意见冲突是任何合作制度所不能避免的事 Frontier incidents have been common on the border 边境纠纷在边境上是经常发生的
把这个和那个比较一下, 你就可以看出哪个更好。 That old computer is not to be compared with this new one 那台老计算机没法和这台新的相比。 5. under no circumstances 无论在任何情况下均不可, 决不 In/under no circumstances can you lose your self-confident. 在任何情况下你都不可失去自信。 In no circumstances can I believe that he is guilty. 无论如何我也不相信他是有罪的。 而 in/under the circumstances 则表示"在此种情形下, 情况既然如此"。 同义词组: in no case 决不; in this /that case 在此/那种情况下。 6. as it is (was) 照现在的情况, 事实上 在句中作插入语, 通常置于句首。 As it is, we need to improve the equipment in our factory right now. 照目前的情况, 我们需要立即改善我们厂的设备。 I should be glad to go with you, as it is, I'm too busy to do so. 我本来很想同你一同去, 事实上, 我现在忙得走不了。 As it was, I declined his offer. 事实上, 我拒绝了他提供的帮助。 as it were 与其意义有所不同, as it were 与 so to speak 同义, 表示"可以说", " 打个比喻说", " 好像", 也作插入语。 He is, as it were, a walking dictionary. 他可以说是部活字典。 7. range from ... to (某范围内)变动、变化 The prices range from very low to very high. 价格从低到高不等。 His land ranges from here to the river 50 miles away. 他的土地从这里一直延伸到 50 英里以外的河旁。 D、疑难词语辨析 1. accident, event 与 incident accident 通常指偶然发生的不幸事故, 如摔伤、车祸, 也指偶然发生的故障。 如: There has been many traffic accidents this year. 今年发生了许多交通事故。 An accident happened to the engine. 发动机出了故障。 event 指重大的事件，特指历史上的重大事件。如： Do you remember the thrilling event of one day in April? 你记得四月里某天发生的那件触目惊心的事吗 ? incident 指某一事件的小波澜、小插曲、小事件。 Conflict is an inevitable incident in any system of cooperation. 意见冲突是任何合作制度所不能避免的事。 Frontier incidents have been common on the border. 边境纠纷在边境上是经常发生的
2. number count calculate 这组动词均表示"数"和"计算"的意思。 number主要表示"把……编号"、"计有"。 The rows of seats in the hall are numbered with letters 大厅里一排排座位均用字母编号 The club now numbers more than 500 members 该俱乐部现有500多名成员 count表示"数到","点的数目","清点 She is tired of counting the pages of a manuscript 她对点稿子的页数有些厌倦。 calculate表示"计算","点…的数目","清点 I calculated that we would arrive at 6 p.m 我算了一下,我们将于下午6点钟到达 3. as a result as a result of as a result表示"其结果是……",后接从句,表示结果 He refused to have medical attention in the early stages of his complaint, and as a result he became seriously ill 生病的最初阶段他拒绝治疗,结果他的病加重了。 as a result of表示"由于",后接名词或动名词,表示起因 Two people have already died as a result of the accident and the lives of several others are in danger 由于意外事故两人丧生,其他几个人生命垂危 E、课文内容提要 In the debate on the safety of nuclear power there are genuine anxieties that must be answered objectively. First, there is no ev idence that the incidence of cancer or other diseases among the workforce of nuclear plants is higher than the national average, and nuclear rad iation from nuclear power is much weaker than that from other sources. Second, chances of a"run-away"that lead to an atomic explosion are scarce. Finally, there are some ways to deal with rad ioactive waste. So nuclear power is the only alternative and its advantages outweigh the risks F、课文章点难点详解 1. The views expressed in the debate on the safety of nuclear power have come ainly from the interested parties. . and the various environmental groups on the other 有关核动力安全问题辩论中所表达的观点,主要来自与此问题利害相关的两个 方面:一方是联合王国原子能管理局和英国核燃料有限公司,另一方是各种 环境保护团体。 I)the interested parties: the groups that are directly concerned with the issue and are likely to be affected by its results 利害相关的方面 2)the environmental groups: groups who are concerned with the protection of the
2. number, count 与 calculate 这组动词均表示"数"和"计算"的意思。 number 主要表示"把……编号"、"计有"。 The rows of seats in the hall are numbered with letters. 大厅里一排排座位均用字母编号。 The club now numbers more than 500 members. 该俱乐部现有 500 多名成员。 count 表示"数到", "点的数目", "清点"。 She is tired of counting the pages of a manuscript. 她对点稿子的页数有些厌倦。 calculate 表示"计算", "点……的数目", "清点"。 I calculated that we would arrive at 6 p.m. 我算了一下, 我们将于下午 6 点钟到达。 3. as a result 与 as a result of as a result 表示"其结果是……", 后接从句, 表示结果。 He refused to have medical attention in the early stages of his complaint, and as a result he became seriously ill · 生病的最初阶段他拒绝治疗, 结果他的病加重了。 as a result of 表示"由于", 后接名词或动名词, 表示起因。 Two people have already died as a result of the accident, and the lives of several others are in danger. 由于意外事故两人丧生, 其他几个人生命垂危。 E、课文内容提要 In the debate on the safety of nuclear power there are genuine anxieties that must be answered objectively. First, there is no evidence that the incidence of cancer or other diseases among the workforce of nuclear plants is higher than the national average, and nuclear radiation from nuclear power is much weaker than that from other sources. Second, chances of a "run-away" that lead to an atomic explosion are scarce. Finally, there are some ways to deal with radioactive waste. So nuclear power is the only alternative, and its advantages outweigh the risks. F、课文章点难点详解 1. The views expressed in the debate on the safety of nuclear power have come mainly from the interested parties … and the various environmental groups on the other. 有关核动力安全问题辩论中所表达的观点，主要来自与此问题利害相关的两个 方面：一方是联合王国原子能管理局和英国核燃料有限公司，另一方是各种 环境保护团体。 1) the interested parties: the groups that are directly concerned with the issue and are likely to be affected by its results 利害相关的方面 2) the environmental groups: groups who are concerned with the protection of the
environment from pollution, etc. 各种环境保护团体 2. Furthermore, most of the responsible contributions to the debate have been written in such highly technical terms as to be incomprehensible to the lay reader (paragraph 1, lim4 此外,与这场辩论有关的多数文章都是用专业技术性很强的术语写成,使得外 行读者难以理解。 ① lay adj(仅用作定语)普通人,凡俗的,外行的。常用搭配有: lay opinion外 行人的意见; layman外行人,门外汉; to the lay mind对外行人来说 Where the law is concerned, I' m only a layman 谈到法律我不过是个门外汉。 ②句中的such+名词+asto结构,表示"太……而……",可转变为such… that结构,即 Furthermore, most of the reliable papers for the debate have been written in such highly technical terms that lay readers can hardly understand 类似用法有:so+adj+asto。如 Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 请问现在是什么时间? The rain was so heavy as to make our picnic impossible 雨太大,我们无法去野餐了 He is not so stupid as to do that.他还不至于蠢到去做那件事。 3. We believe there is a need for an impartial and dispassionate analysis of the issues involved in language the public can understand 我们认为,有必要用一般公众能够理解的语言,对所牵涉到的问题作一公正而 又冷静的分析。 Issue 1)a question that arises for discussion 议题,争论的焦点 Whether I go there or not is a debatable issue 我去不去还是个问题 2)the act of coming out 放出,流出 The motor vehicle department handles the issue of driving licences 交通部门处理驾照问题 3) something printed(杂志等的)期,号 又 Have you read today's issue of" The Times?"?你看过这期的泰晤士报了吗? While every effort should be done to develop. before the beginning of the next century(paragraph 2, line 1) 方面,在开发有前景的自然能源方面,我们应该竭尽全力,但另一方面我们 也确认在下世纪初之前我们不可能找到任何一种自然资源来有效弥补能源的 不足 1)make effort to do sth 努力,尽力做… He made every effort to lift the big rock 他尽力地举起了那块大石头。 Does it require a great effort of will to give up smoking 戒烟需要坚强的毅力吗? 2) virtually: practically, actually, almost实际上,事实上,差不多,几乎 3) significant: of noticeable importance or effort重要的,值得注意的,有意
environment from pollution, etc. 各种环境保护团体 2. Furthermore, most of the responsible contributions to the debate have been written in such highly technical terms as to be incomprehensible to the lay reader.(paragraph 1, lim4) 此外, 与这场辩论有关的多数文章都是用专业技术性很强的术语写成, 使得外 行读者难以理解。 ①lay adj.(仅用作定语)普通人, 凡俗的; 外行的。常用搭配有: lay opinion 外 行人的意见; layman 外行人, 门外汉; to the lay mind 对外行人来说。 Where the law is concerned, I'm only a layman. 谈到法律我不过是个门外汉。 ②句中的 such + 名词 + as to 结构, 表示 " 太……而……", 可转变为 such ... that 结构, 即: Furthermore, most of the reliable papers for the debate have been written in such highly technical terms that lay readers can hardly understand. 类似用法有: so + adj. + as to。如: Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 请问现在是什么时间 ? The rain was so heavy as to make our picnic impossible 雨太大, 我们无法去野餐了。 He is not so stupid as to do that. 他还不至于蠢到去做那件事。 3. We believe there is a need for an impartial and dispassionate analysis of the issues involved in language the public can understand. 我们认为，有必要用一般公众能够理解的语言，对所牵涉到的问题作一公正而 又冷静的分析。 issue 1) a question that arises for discussion 议题，争论的焦点 Whether I go there or not is a debatable issue. 我去不去还是个问题。 2) the act of coming out 放出，流出 The motor vehicle department handles the issue of driving licences. 交通部门处理驾照问题。 3) something printed （杂志等的）期，号 Have you read today’s issue of “The Times”? 你看过这期的泰晤士报了吗？ 4. While every effort should be done to develop ... before the beginning of the next century. (paragraph 2, line 1) 一方面, 在开发有前景的自然能源方面, 我们应该竭尽全力, 但另一方面我们 也确认在下世纪初之前我们不可能找到任何一种自然资源来有效弥补能源的 不足。 1) make effort to do sth. 努力, 尽力做…… He made every effort to lift the big rock. 他尽力地举起了那块大石头。 Does it require a great effort of will to give up smoking. 戒烟需要坚强的毅力吗? 2) virtually: practically, actually, almost 实际上，事实上，差不多，几乎 3) significant: of noticeable importance or effort 重要的，值得注意的，有意