carbohydrate Fibers of Carbohydrate EXTRACELLULAR extracellular FLUID matrix(ECM) Glycoprotein 烟 保 Cell-cell Glycolipid recognition Filaments of Cholesterol cytoskeleton Perlpheral Integral protein protein CYTOPLASM
carbohydrate Cell-cell recognition
2 Transmembrane transport Gases Hydrophobic Small polar Large polar Charged molecules molecules molecules molecules Passive transport H+ - c02 H20 ●0 Na+ simple diffusion 8 Ca2+ 02 lons Benzene Ethanol Glucose Rmino acids facilitated diffusion Active transport primary active transport second active transport Exocytosis and endocytosis
2 Transmembrane transport Passive transport simple diffusion facilitated diffusion Active transport primary active transport second active transport Exocytosis and endocytosis
Passive Transport(被动转动) The movement of substances across the membrane by down their concentration or electrochemical gradient without consumption of energy. 指物质顺电位或化学梯度通过细胞膜的转运 过程，不需消耗能量 Characteristics: ① needn't consumption of energy ② down concentration or electrochemical gradient Classfication: simple diffusion(单纯扩散) facilitated diffusion(易化扩散)
Passive Transport(被动转动) The movement of substances across the membrane by down their concentration or electrochemical gradient without consumption of energy. 指物质顺电位或化学梯度通过细胞膜的转运 过程,不需消耗能量 Characteristics: ① needn’t consumption of energy ② down concentration or electrochemical gradient Classfication: simple diffusion(单纯扩散) facilitated diffusion (易化扩散)
Simple Diffusion(单纯扩散) The movement of lipid soluble substances directly through the cell membrane down the concentration gradient. [02l。>[02lo 膜外 co. 膜内 [CO2li >[CO2lo
[CO2 ]i ＞[CO2 ]o [O2 ]o ＞[O2 ]i Simple Diffusion (单纯扩散) The movement of lipid soluble substances directly through the cell membrane down the concentration gradient
Characteristics of simple diffusion DOnly fat-soluble substances (02 co2,No etc.)can diffuse through the lipid bilayer in the membrane 只有脂溶性物质（如O2,C02,NO等）才能以单纯扩散方式 通过细胞膜 needn't consumption of energy 不耗能 3the rate of diffusion is determined by the concentration gradient 扩散速率取决于浓度梯度
Characteristics of simple diffusion ①Only fat-soluble substances (O2,CO2,NO etc.) can diffuse through the lipid bilayer in the membrane ② needn’t consumption of energy ③the rate of diffusion is determined by the concentration gradient 只有脂溶性物质(如O2,CO2,NO等)才能以单纯扩散方式 通过细胞膜 不耗能 扩散速率取决于浓度梯度